Chemistry in Context

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Brief Contents
Contents
Preface
Chapter 1 Portable Electronics: The Periodic Table in the Palm of Your Hand
1.1 What's the Matter with Materials? A Survey of the Periodic Table
1.2 Atomic Legos-Atoms as Building Blocks for Matter
1.3 Compounding the Complexity- From Elements to Compounds
1.4 What Makes Atoms Tick? Atomic Structure
1.5 One-Touch Surfing: How Do Touchscreens Work?
1.6 A Look at the Elements in Their Natural States
1.7 Chemical Rock-'n-Roll: How Do We Obtain Pure Metals from Complex Rocks?
1.8 Your Cell Phone Started with a Day at the Beach: From Sand to Silicon
1.9 More Fun at the Beach: From Sand to Glass
1.10 From Cradle to Grave: The Life Cycle of a Cell Phone
1.11 Howdy Neighbor, May We Borrow a Few Metals? The Importance of Recycling and Protecting Our Supply Chains
Conclusions
Learning Outcomes
Questions
Chapter 2 The Air We Breathe
2.1 Why Do We Breathe?
2.2 Defining the Invisible: What Is Air?
2.3 You Are What You Breathe
2.4 What Else Is in the Air?
2.5 Home Sweet Home: The Troposphere
2.6 I Can "See" You! Visualizing the Particles in the Air
2.7 A Chemical Meet & Greet- Naming Molecular Compounds
2.8 The Dangerous Few: A Look at Air Pollutants
2.9 Are You Feeling Lucky? Assessing the Risk of Air Pollutants
2.10 Is It Safe to Leave My House? Air Quality Monitoring and Reporting
2.11 The Origin of Pollutants: Who's to Blame?
2.12 More Oxygen, Please: The Effect of Combustion on Air Quality
2.13 Air Pollutants: Direct Sources
2.14 Ozone: A Secondary Pollutant
2.15 Are We Really Safe from Polluted Air by Staying Indoors?
2.16 Is There a Sustainable Way Forward?
Conclusions
Learning Outcomes
Questions
Chapter 3 Radiation from the Sun
3.1 Dissecting the Sun: The Electromagnetic Spectrum
3.2 The Personalities of Radiation
3.3 The ABCs of Ultraviolet Radiation
3.4 The Biological Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation
3.5 The Atmosphere as Natural Protection
3.6 Counting Molecules: How Can We Measure the Ozone Concentration?
3.7 How Does Ozone Decompose in UV Light?
3.8 How Safe Is Our Protective Ozone Layer?
3.9 Chemistry to the Rescue Detriment? Human Roles in the Destruction of the Ozone Layer
3.10 Where Do We Go from Here: Can the Ozone Hole Be Restored?
3.11 How Do Sunscreens Work?
Conclusions
Learning Outcomes
Questions
Chapter 4 Climate Change
4.1 Carbon, Carbon Everywhere!
4.2 Where Did All the Carbon Atoms Go?
4.3 Quantifying Carbon-First Stop: Mass
4.4 Quantifying Carbon-Next Stop: Molecules and Moles
4.5 Why Does It Matter Where Carbon Atoms End Up?
4.6 Warming by Greenhouse Gases: Good, Bad, or a Little of Both?
4.7 How Do You Recognize a "Greenhouse Gas"?
4.8 How Do Greenhouse Gases Work?
4.9 How Can We Learn from Our Past?
4.10 Can We Predict the Future?
4.11 A Look at Our Future World
4.12 Action Plans to Prevent Future Global Catastrophes-Who and How?
Conclusions
Learning Outcomes
Questions
Chapter 5 Energy from Combustion
5.1 Fossil Fuels: A Prehistoric Fill-Up at the Gas Station
5.2 Burn, Baby! Burn! The Process of Combustion
5.3 What Is "Energy"?
5.4 How Hot Is "Hot"? Measuring Energy Changes
5.5 Hyperactive Fuels: How Is Energy Released during Combustion?
5.6 Fossil Fuels and Electricity
5.7 How Efficient Is a Power Plant?
5.8 Power from Ancient Plants: Coal
5.9 From Steam Engines to Sports Cars: The Shift from Coal to Oil
5.10 Squeezing Oil from Rock: How Long Can This Continue?
5.11 Natural Gas: A "Clean" Fossil Fuel?
5.12 Cracking the Whip: How Do We Obtain Useful Petroleum Products from Crude Oil?
5.13 What's in Gasoline?
5.14 New Uses for an Old Fuel
5.15 From Brewery to Fuel Tank: Ethanol
5.16 From Deep Fryer to Fuel Tank: Biofuels
5.17 Are Biofuels Really Sustainable?
Conclusions
Learning Outcomes
Questions
Chapter 6 Energy from Alternative Sources
6.1 From Nuclear Energy to Bombs: The Splitting of Atomic Nuclei
6.2 Harnessing a Nuclear Fission Reaction: How Nuclear Power Plants Produce Electricity
6.3 What Is Radioactivity?
6.4 How Long Do Substances Remain Radioactive?
6.5 What Are the Risks of Nuclear Power?
6.6 Is There a Future for Nuclear Power?
6.7 Solar Power: Electricity from the Sun
6.8 Solar Energy: Electronic "Pinball" Inside a Crystal
6.9 Beyond Solar: Electricity from Other Renewable (Sustainable) Sources
Conclusions
Learning Outcomes
Questions
Chapter 7 Energy Storage
7.1 How Does a Battery Work?
7.2 Ohm, Sweet Ohm!
7.3 Batteries, Batteries Everywhere!
7.4 (Almost) Endless Power-on-the-Go: Rechargeable Batteries
7.5 Lead-Acid: The World's Most Widely Used (and Heaviest!) Rechargeable Battery
7.6 Vehicles Powered by Electricity
7.7 Storage Wars: Supercapacitors vs. Batteries
7.8 Higher MPGs with Less Emissions: Gasoline-Electric Hybrid Vehicles
7.9 Fuel Cells: The Basics
7.10 Hydrogen for Fuel Cell Vehicles
7.11 My Battery Died-Now What?
Conclusions
Learning Outcomes
Questions
Chapter 8 Water Everywhere: A Most Precious Resource
8.1 Solids and Liquids and Gases, Oh My!
8.2 The Unique Composition of Water
8.3 The Key Role of Hydrogen Bonding
8.4 Where, Oh Where Is All the Water?
8.5 Help! There Is Something in My Water
8.6 How Much Is OK? Quantifying Water Quality
8.7 A Deeper Look at Solutes
8.8 Corrosive and Caustic: The Properties and Impacts of Acids and Bases
8.9 Heartburn? Tums® to the Rescue: Acid/Base Neutralization!
8.10 Quantifying Acidity/Basicity: The pH Scale
8.11 Acid's Effect on Water
8.12 Treating Our Water
8.13 Water Solutions for Global Challenges
Conclusions
Learning Outcomes
Questions
Chapter 9 The World of Polymers and Plastics
9.1 Polymers Here, There, and Everywhere
9.2 Polymers: Long, Long Chains
9.3 Adding Up the Monomers
9.4 Got Polyethylene?
9.5 The "Big Six": Theme and Variations
9.6 Cross-Linking Monomers
9.7 From Proteins to Stockings: Polyamides
9.8 Dealing with Our Solid Waste: The Four Rs
9.9 Recycling Plastics: The Bigger Picture
9.10 From Plants to Plastics
9.11 A New "Normal"?
Conclusions
Learning Outcomes
Questions
Chapter 10 Brewing and Chewing
10.1 What's in a Mouthful? The Science of Taste
10.2 How Does Smell Affect Taste?
10.3 The Kitchen Laboratory
10.4 The Science of Recipes
10.5 Kitchen Instrumentation: Flames, Pans, and Water
10.6 Cooking in a Vacuum: Not Just for Astronauts!
10.7 Microwave Cooking: Fast and Easy
10.8 Cooking with Chemistry: No-Heat Food Preparation
10.9 How Can I Tell When My Food Is Ready?
10.10 Exploiting the Three States of Matter in Our Kitchen
10.11 The Baker's and Brewer's Friend: Fermentation
10.12 From Moonshine to Sophisticated Liqueurs: Distillation
10.13 Extraction: Coffees and Teas
Conclusions
Learning Outcomes
Questions
Chapter 11 Nutrition
11.1 You Are What You Eat
11.2 From Buttery Popcorn to Cheesecake: Lipids
11.3 Fats and Oils: Not Necessarily a Bad Thing!
11.4 Carbohydrates: The Sweet and Starchy
11.5 How Sweet It Is: Sugars and Sugar Substitutes
11.6 Proteins: First among Equals
11.7 Vitamins and Minerals: The Other Essentials
11.8 Food for Energy
11.9 Food Safety: What Else Is in Our Food?
11.10 The Real Costs of Food Production
11.11 From Field to Fork I: The Carbon Footprint of Foods
11.12 From Field to Fork II: The Nitrogen Footprint of Foods
11.13 Food Security: Feeding a Hungry World
Conclusions
Learning Outcomes
Questions
Chapter 12 Health & Medicine
12.1 A Life Spent Fighting Against Equilibrium
12.2 Keeping Our Bodies in Equilibrium
12.3 Carbon: The Essential Building Block of Life
12.4 Functional Groups
12.5 Give These Molecules a Hand!
12.6 Life via Protein Function
12.7 Life Driven by Noncovalent Interactions
12.8 Steroids: Essential Regulators for Life (and Performance Manipulators!)
12.9 Modern Drug Discovery
12.10 New Drugs, New Methods
Conclusions
Learning Outcomes
Questions
Chapter 13 Genes and Life
13.1 A Route to Synthetic Insulin
13.2 DNA: A Chemical that Codes Life
13.3 The Double Helix Structure of DNA
13.4 Cracking the Chemical Code
13.5 Proteins: Form to Function
13.6 The Process of Genetic Engineering
13.7 Better Chemistry Through Genetic Engineering
13.8 The Great GMO Debate
Conclusions
Learning Outcomes
Questions
Chapter 14 Who Killed Dr. Thompson? A Forensic Mystery
Friday, Aug. 1-7:08 pm: A Relaxing Evening Interrupted
Solvent Stills: An Effective but Dangerous Way to Purify Solvents
Friday, Aug. 1-10:13 pm: The Aftermath
Saturday, Aug. 2-8:05 am: Accidental or Deliberate?
Fire Modeling
Behind-the-Scenes at the Crime Lab
Wednesday, Aug. 13-1:03 pm: Access to the Lab Restored
Wednesday, Aug. 13-9:57 pm: What Now?
Thursday, Aug. 14-5:42 am: A Gruesome Discovery
Behind-the-Scenes at the Crime Lab
Friday, Aug. 22-9:03 am: The Questioning of Julie Thompson
Monday, Aug. 25-8:31 am: The Questioning of Dr. Littleton
Tuesday, Aug. 26-2:05 pm: Road Trip to Atlanta
Back in the Crime Lab
Charge: Murder-1!
Conclusions
Questions
Appendix 1 Measure for Measure: Metric Prefixes, Conversion Factors, and Constants
Appendix 2 The Power of Exponents
Appendix 3 Clearing the Logjam
Appendix 4 Answers to Your Turn Questions
Appendix 5 Answers to Selected End-of-Chapter Questions Indicated in Blue in the Text
Glossary
Index