This book provides a holistic compilation on applications of carbon nanostructures, especially in advanced healthcare applications. It comprises chapters on utility of diverse multifunctional nanocarriers in drug delivery and biomedical applications, especially emphasizing on the synthesis and characterizations of nanosystems along with surface engineering approaches used for active targeting of the drugs. Moreover, the chapters also include the recent updates on the applications of the nanocarriers to fulfill the needs of various healthcare systems.
Author(s): Md Saquib Hasnain, Amit Kumar Nayak, Saad Alkahtani
Series: Advances in Material Research and Technology
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 398
City: Cham
Preface
Contents
Fullerenes: Bucky Balls in the Therapeutic Application
1 Introduction
2 Overview and General Characteristics of Fullerene
3 Fullerenes: Therapeutic Applications
3.1 Biosensor
3.2 Targeted Anti-cancer Therapy
3.3 Photodynamic Therapy
3.4 Alzheimer
3.5 Diabetes
3.6 Anti-viral Therapy
3.7 DNA Cleavage Activity
3.8 Fullerenes with Anti-bodies
4 Current Clinical Studies, Marketed Formulations and Patents
5 Conclusion and Future Aspect
References
Nanodiamonds as Next Generation Carriers in Exploring Therapeutic Benefits
1 Introduction
2 Modification of NDs
2.1 Surface Functionalization
2.2 Doping
3 Production of NDs
4 Biomedical Applications of NDs
4.1 Drug Delivery
4.2 Gene Delivery
4.3 Bioimaging
4.4 Tissue Engineering
4.5 Antibacterial Agents
4.6 Biosensing
5 Conclusions
References
Nanographites as Multidimensional Carriers for Advanced Therapeutic Applications
1 Introduction
2 Nanographite Nanostructures as Drug Carriers
2.1 Various Drug Administration Routes
3 Drug Delivery Applications for Multidimensional Nanographite Carriers
3.1 Targeting Drug Delivery
3.2 Controlled Drug Delivery
4 Nanographite Carriers for Cancer Treatment
4.1 Targeting of Cancer Drugs
4.2 Gene Delivery
4.3 Photo-Chemotherapy and Photothermal Therapy
4.4 Drug Resistance
4.5 Angiogenesis
4.6 Potential Toxicity of Graphene
5 Conclusions and Perspectives
References
Carbon Nanohorns in Drug Delivery and Medical Applications
1 Introduction
2 Structure of CNHs
3 Properties of CNHs
4 Synthesis of CNHs
4.1 Laser Ablation Synthesis Method
4.2 Arc Discharge Synthesis Method
4.3 Joule Heating Synthesis Method
4.4 Industry-Level Synthesis Method
5 Functionalization of CNHs
6 Use of CNH in Drug Delivery and Medical Application
6.1 Biomedical Application
6.2 Pharmaceutical Applications of CNHs
7 Toxicity and Biodegradation
8 Conclusion
References
Carbon Nanotorous for Advanced Therapeutic Applications
1 Introduction to Carbon Nanocarbon
2 What Is Nanotorous?
3 Characteristics of Carbon Nanotorous
4 How Can Carbon Nanotorous Be Applied in Biomedicine?
5 Diagnostic Application of Carbon Nanotorous
5.1 Glucometer
5.2 Pulse Oximeter
5.3 Electrocardiography
5.4 Electroencephalography
5.5 Thermometer
5.6 Magnetic Resonance Imaging
5.7 CT Scan
6 Therapeutic Application of Carbon Nanotorous
6.1 Anticancer Drug
6.2 Antibiotic Drug
6.3 Insulin
7 Preventive Application of Carbon Nanotorous
8 Adverse Effect of Carbon Nanotorous
9 Conclusion
References
Carbon Nanodots: A Novel Carbon Material with Multifacet Applications in Healthcare
1 Introduction
2 Properties of Carbon Dots
2.1 Photoluminescence
2.2 Ultra-violet Visible Absorbance
2.3 Dispersibility
2.4 Toxicity and Biocompatibility
3 Strategies for Design, Synthesis, and Functionalization of CNDs
3.1 Top-Down Approach
3.2 Bottom-Up Approach
4 Functionalization of Carbon Dots
5 Carbon Nanodots as Imaging Tools
5.1 Fluorescence Imaging
5.2 Photoacoustic Imaging
5.3 Photothermal Therapy
5.4 Multimodal Imaging
5.5 Two-Photon Induced Imaging
5.6 Imaging-Guided Drug Delivery Using Carbon Dots
6 Carbon Dots in Health Care and Medicine
6.1 Carbon Dots as Antioxidants and Prooxidants
6.2 Tumor Detection and Treatment
6.3 In Drug and Gene Delivery
6.4 Biosensors
6.5 Antimicrobial Agents
7 Conclusions and Future Aspects
References
Quantum Dots in Biomedical Applications: Recent Advancements and Future Prospects
1 Introduction
2 Biological and Biomedical Applications of QDs
2.1 Drug Delivery
2.2 Immunotherapy and Stem Cell Applications
2.3 QDs in Gene Technology
2.4 Photodynamic Therapy Applications
2.5 Bioimaging Applications
2.6 QDs in Fluorescent Labelling of Cellular Proteins
2.7 Cell Tracking Applications
2.8 Recognition of Pathogens and Toxins
2.9 Applications of QD-Based Immunosensors
2.10 QD-Based Immunoassay for Drugs and Food Analysis
3 Toxicityprofiles of QDs
4 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
References
Carbon Nanotropes: Potential Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications
1 Introduction
2 Structure and Properties of Carbon Nanotropes
3 Application of Carbon Nanotropes
3.1 General Toxicity of Carbon Nanotropes
3.2 Application of Carbon Nanotropes for Drug Delivery
3.3 Biomedical Applications
4 Conclusion and Prospects
References
Carbon Nanofibres in Diversified Healthcare Applications
1 Introduction to Nanofibers
2 Carbon Nanofibers
3 Fabrication of CNFs
3.1 Electro Spinning
3.2 Thermal-Chemical Vapor Deposition
3.3 Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD)
3.4 Hydrothermal Synthesis of CNFs
3.5 Synthesis of Hydrogel/Aerogel-Based Templates
4 Properties of CNFs
5 Applications of CNFs
6 Health Care Application of Carbon Nanofibers
6.1 Biomedical Applications of CNFs
6.2 Environmental Science Applications of Carbon Nanofibers
6.3 CNFs in Cosmetics
7 Conclusion and Future Outlook
References
Carbon Nanomaterials in Biosensor Applications for Infectious Disease Diagnostics
1 Introduction
2 Nanotechnology for Infectious Diseases
3 Carbon Nanomaterials—the Game Changer in Diagnosis
3.1 Carbon Nanotubes
3.2 Graphene
3.3 Other Carbon Derivatives
4 Nanoscale Carbons for COVID Detection
5 Challenges in Design of Nano-Carbons for Biosensors
6 Summary and Future Outlook
References
Bio-inspired Carbon Nanostructures: Advances and Challenges
1 Introduction
2 Properties of Carbon Nanostructures
3 Synthesis of Carbon Nanostructures
4 Biomimicry of Carbon Nanostructures
5 Bio-inspired Carbon Nanostructures from Microbial Extracts
6 Future Perspective and Challenges
7 Conclusion
References
Natural Polymer-Carbon Dot Nanocomposites for Biomedical Use
1 Introduction
2 Background and Significance
3 Preparation of CDs and Their Derivatives
3.1 The Top-Down Approach (TDA)
3.2 The Bottom-Up Approach (BUA)
4 Morphology Control Synthesis
5 Surface Modification (SFM) of Carbon Dots
6 Carbon Dot Metal Based Nanohybrid Materials
7 Manufacture and Analysis of Polymeric Nanocomposites (PNCPs) of CDs
7.1 Solution Technique (ST)
7.2 In-Situ Technique (IST)
8 Properties of PCDNCs
8.1 Physical and Thermal Properties
8.2 Mechanical and Thermal Properties
8.3 Electrical Properties
8.4 Biological Properties
8.5 Biocompatibility
9 Applications of Polymer/CDs Nanocomposites
9.1 Biomedical Applications
9.2 Bioimaging
9.3 Cancer Diagnosis
9.4 Phototherapy
9.5 Nanomedicine
10 Conclusions and Current Challenges
References
Clay-Based Composites and Nanocomposites for Drug Delivery
1 Introduction
2 Clay Preparation, Properties, Modification
2.1 Clay Organic Modification
2.2 Organosilane Grafting
2.3 Intercalants with Different Functions
3 Biopolymer–Clay Nanocomposites
4 Cytotoxicity of Clay-Based Composites and Nanocomposites
5 Properties of Nanoclay that Influence How Drugs Are Delivered
6 Clay-Based Composites and Nanocomposites in Drug Delivery
6.1 Clay Nanocomposite for Stimuli Drug Delivery
6.2 Clay Nanocomposite for Target Cancer Cell
6.3 Clay for Drug Delivery Systems
7 Perspective Applications
8 Conclusions
References
Biosafety and Toxicity Evaluation of Carbon Nanomaterials
1 Introduction
2 Graphene-Based Nanomaterials
2.1 Graphene Oxide (GO)
2.2 Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs)
2.3 Graphene Nanosheets (GNS)
3 Other Carbon Nanomaterials
3.1 Carbon Dots (CDs)
3.2 Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)
3.3 Carbon Nano Onions (CNOs)
3.4 Nanodiamonds (NDs)
3.5 Fullerenes
4 Conclusion and Future Prospectives
References
