Since Canis lupus familiaris first shared a fire with man more than 15,000 years ago, dogs have been trusted and valued coworkers. Yet the relatively new field of canine ergonomics is just beginning to unravel the secrets of this collaboration. As with many new fields, the literature on working dogs is scattered across several non-overlapping disciplines from forensics and the life sciences to medicine, security, and wildlife biology. Canine Ergonomics: The Science of Working Dogs draws together related research from different fields into an interdisciplinary resource of science-based information. Providing a complete overview, from physiology to cognition, this is the first book to discuss working dogs from a scientific perspective. It covers a wide range of current and potential tasks, explores ergonomic and cognitive aspects of these tasks, and covers personality traits and behavioral assessments of working dogs. A quick look at the chapters, contributed by experts from across the globe and across the multidisciplinary spectrum, illustrates the breadth and depth of information available in this book. Traditionally, information concerning working dogs is mostly hearsay, with the exchange of information informal at best and non-existent at worst. Most books available are too general in coverage or conversely, too specific. They explain how to train a service dog or train a dog to track, based on training lore rather than empirical methods verified with rigorous scientific standards. This book, drawing on cutting edge research, unifies different perspectives into one global science: Canine Ergonomics.
Author(s): William S. Helton
Edition: 1
Year: 2009
Language: English
Pages: 339
1420079913......Page 1
CANINE ERGONOMICS: The Science of Working Dogs......Page 3
Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 8
Acknowledgments......Page 11
Editor......Page 12
Contributors......Page 13
CANINE ERGONOMICS......Page 15
ANTHROPOMORPHISM AND ANTHROPOCENTRISM......Page 17
EXPERTISE DEVELOPMENT......Page 20
SUSTAINED ATTENTION......Page 24
CONCLUSION......Page 26
REFERENCES......Page 27
INTRODUCTION......Page 31
SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION......Page 32
EXCEPTIONAL PERFORMANCE......Page 34
EXTRACTABLE KNOWLEDGE......Page 35
OUTCOME OF PROCESS: DELIBERATE PRACTICE......Page 37
OUTCOME OF A PROCESS: LIFE-LONG LEARNING......Page 39
CONSCIOUSNESS......Page 41
NATURE VERSUS NURTURE......Page 46
TECHNOLOGY......Page 49
REFERENCES......Page 50
CONTENTS......Page 57
SUBCATEGORIES OF SOCIAL LEARNING......Page 58
DISTINGUISHING SOCIAL LEARNING FROM SOCIAL INFLUENCE......Page 59
EMULATION......Page 60
DOGS AS MODELS FOR STUDYING CONSPECIFIC AND HETEROSPECIFIC SOCIAL LEARNING......Page 61
CANID SOCIAL BEHAVIOR AS BACKGROUND FOR SOCIAL LEARNING......Page 62
DIFFICULTIES WITH SOCIAL LEARNING EXPERIMENTS......Page 63
CASE STUDY: LEARNING DETOUR BY OBSERVATION......Page 64
ESTABLISHING BASELINE: INDIVIDUAL LEARNING......Page 65
INCREASED PERFORMANCE THROUGH SOCIAL LEARNING......Page 66
IMPORTANCE OF CONTEXT IN SOCIAL LEARNING......Page 67
WHAT WE LEARNED FROM DETOUR TESTS......Page 68
TWO-ACTION TESTS......Page 69
MATCHING BEHAVIOR TO HUMAN ACTION SEQUENCES......Page 70
CONCLUSIONS: THE UTILITY OF SOCIAL LEARNING IN DOG TRAINING......Page 71
REFERENCES......Page 72
CONTENTS......Page 76
BACKGROUND......Page 77
METHODS OF ASSESSING TEMPERAMENT......Page 78
PURPOSES OF STUDIES......Page 81
SUMMARY OF GENERAL SURVEY......Page 82
RELIABILITY OF WORKING DOG TEMPERAMENT ASSESSMENTS......Page 87
CONVERGENT VALIDITY......Page 88
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 91
REFERENCES......Page 93
SCENT DETECTION TASKS......Page 95
PERCEPTUAL THRESHOLDS......Page 96
PERFORMANCE METRICS......Page 97
SPEED......Page 98
ACCURACY......Page 100
DISCRETE DECISION TRIALS......Page 102
TRAINING......Page 103
PERFORMANCE REPORTING......Page 105
OPPORTUNITIES: PERFORMANCE MODELS......Page 106
CONCLUSION......Page 107
REFERENCES......Page 108
INTRODUCTION......Page 110
SCENT DETECTION TRAINING: DIFFERENT TASKS......Page 111
Go/No-Go: Learning Set......Page 113
Two-Alternate Forced Choice (2AFC)......Page 116
Cued Conditional Discrimination......Page 117
SUMMARY AND FUTURE AIMS......Page 120
COGNITION AND BEHAVIOR: SOME BASICS......Page 121
REFERENCES......Page 122
INTRODUCTION......Page 126
SUSTAINED ATTENTION......Page 128
RESOURCE THEORY......Page 130
STRESS......Page 132
COPING......Page 134
A MODEL FOR WORKING DOGS......Page 135
REDUCING ATTENTION DEMANDS: REST SETTING......Page 138
MONITORING ATTENTION RESOURCES: REAL-TIME BRAIN IMAGING......Page 139
REFERENCES......Page 141
CONTENTS......Page 146
INTRODUCTION......Page 147
OLFACTION, EVOLUTION, AND NATURAL SELECTION......Page 149
GENETICS OF OLFACTION......Page 150
ODOR INTAKE......Page 151
SNIFFING......Page 152
ODORS AND OLFACTORY EPITHELIUM......Page 153
PERCEPTUAL LEARNING AND OLFACTION......Page 155
SYNTHETIC PERCEPTION OF ODOR MIXTURES......Page 157
RELEVANCE OF SYNTHETIC PROCESSING OF MIXTURES TO EDDS......Page 158
EXPLOSIVES ODORS AND VAPOR PRESSURES......Page 159
WHAT CONSTITUTES AN EXPLOSIVE?......Page 160
EDD DETECTION......Page 163
IMPLICATIONS FOR EDDS: INITIAL TRAINING......Page 166
EFFECTS OF EXPERIENCE ON DISCRIMINATION AND DETECTION......Page 167
IMPLICATIONS FOR EDDS......Page 168
EFFECTS OF INTENSITY ON ODOR DISCRIMINATION......Page 170
TRAINER AIDS......Page 172
REINFORCEMENT (PLAY VERSUS FOOD)......Page 174
SCHEDULES OF REINFORCEMENT......Page 175
SEARCH IMAGE DEVELOPMENT......Page 176
DISEASE......Page 177
SEARCH TRAINING......Page 178
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 179
REFERENCES......Page 180
INTRODUCTION......Page 186
HISTORY OF CONSERVATION DOGS......Page 187
COMPLEMENTARY TOOLS......Page 189
UTILITY OF CONSERVATION DOGS......Page 190
CAPACITIES FOR SCENT DETECTION......Page 194
DOG SELECTION......Page 195
HANDLER SELECTION......Page 198
TRAINING......Page 199
CARE OF CONSERVATION DOGS......Page 200
CONSERVATION WORK: A UNIQUE FIELD FOR DETECTION DOGS......Page 201
REFERENCES......Page 202
INTRODUCTION......Page 206
BROWN TREESNAKE IMPACTS ON GUAM......Page 207
THREAT OF DISPERSAL FROM GUAM......Page 208
EVALUATION OF DETECTOR DOG EFFICACY......Page 209
DEFINING AND PRIORITIZING EFFORTS......Page 211
CARGO CERTIFICATION PROCESSES......Page 212
REFERENCES......Page 213
CONTENTS......Page 216
URBAN DISASTERS......Page 217
UTILIZING CANINE SENSE OF SMELL......Page 219
CANINE USAR PROCESS......Page 220
SELECTING PUPPIES......Page 223
SELECTING ADULTS......Page 226
SCREENING CRITERIA......Page 227
CANINE COMMUNICATION......Page 231
TRAINING USAR DOGS......Page 232
CANINE SEARCH......Page 236
IMPROVING CANINE SEARCH: SITUATIONAL AWARENESS......Page 237
THE DOG’S VIEW......Page 238
CANINE AUGMENTATION TECHNOLOGY......Page 239
EFFICACY OF CAT II......Page 242
CANINE REMOTE DEPLOYMENT SYSTEM (CRDS)......Page 244
CANINE WORK APPAREL (CWA)......Page 247
CANINE BRAIN FUNCTION (CBF)......Page 249
FUTURE OF DISASTER DOGS......Page 251
REFERENCES......Page 252
OVERVIEW......Page 255
SUBSTRATES......Page 256
DELIVERY......Page 257
MYOLOGY......Page 259
WASTES......Page 260
REGULATION AND RAPID ADAPTATION......Page 261
SPECIFICITY OF CONDITIONING......Page 263
CARDIOVASCULAR ADAPTATIONS......Page 264
MUSCLE ADAPTATIONS......Page 265
HEAT EXHAUSTION AND HEAT STROKE......Page 266
GASTRIC ULCERS......Page 268
RHABDOMYOLYSIS......Page 270
REFERENCES......Page 272
INTRODUCTION......Page 273
STRAIN ON SAR DOGS......Page 274
THERMOREGULATION......Page 275
HEART RATE AND ACTIVITY......Page 278
ALTITUDE......Page 281
MUSCLE METABOLISM......Page 282
STRESS......Page 283
CONSEQUENCES FOR ACTION AND TRAINING......Page 284
REFERENCES......Page 287
INTRODUCTION......Page 290
DEFINITIONS OF STRESS......Page 291
ROLE OF CORTISOL......Page 292
STRESS: CAUSES AND SYMPTOMS......Page 294
PARTICIPATING TEAMS......Page 295
STUDY PROTOCOL......Page 296
CORTISOL LEVELS OF HANDLERS AND OWNERS ON CONTROL AND THERAPY DAYS......Page 297
INFLUENCE OF DURATION OF THERAPY ON CORTISOL LEVELS......Page 298
INFLUENCE OF FREQUENCY OF THERAPEUTIC WORK ON CORTISOL LEVELS......Page 299
COMPARISON OF SALIVARY CORTISOL LEVELS AND CLIENT GROUPS......Page 300
COMPARISON OF SALIVARY CORTISOL LEVELS AND TRAINING......Page 302
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION......Page 303
BEYOND THE BOX......Page 305
REFERENCES......Page 306
CONTENTS......Page 309
INTRODUCTION......Page 310
BODY: EFFECTS......Page 312
ADS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FUNCTIONING......Page 314
ACTIVITY: EFFECTS AT LEVEL OF INDIVIDUAL PERFORMANCE......Page 315
ATTENDANT CARE......Page 316
EMPLOYMENT......Page 317
INTERNAL CONTEXTUAL FACTORS: ATTRIBUTES OF PERSON......Page 318
SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT......Page 321
COSTS......Page 322
ACCESS PROBLEMS......Page 323
CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS......Page 324
REFERENCES......Page 326
CANINE ERGONOMICS......Page 332
LEXIGRAM TOUCH BOARDS......Page 333
VIDEO DISPLAY TOUCH SCREENS......Page 335
TACTILE COMMUNICATION DEVICES......Page 337
REFERENCES......Page 338
