Canadian Fundamentals of Nursing

Instructions for online access......Page 4753
Title Page......Page 2
Disclaimer......Page 6
Table of Contents......Page 7
Copyright......Page 37
Preface to the Student......Page 41
Preface to the Instructor......Page 62
Classic Features......Page 65
New Features......Page 68
Learning Supplements for Students......Page 72
Teaching Supplements for Instructors......Page 75
Multimedia Supplements for Instructors and Students......Page 77
Acknowledgements......Page 79
Contributors......Page 82
Reviewers......Page 98
Unit I Health and Health Care in Canada......Page 102
1 Health and Wellness......Page 103
Conceptualizations of Health......Page 107
Historical Approaches to Health in Canada......Page 113
Determinants of Health and Social Determinants of Health......Page 123
Strategies to Influence Health Determinants......Page 137
Health Promotion Strategies......Page 140
Population Health Promotion Model: Putting It All Together......Page 145
Summary......Page 147
Key Concepts......Page 148
Critical Thinking Exercises......Page 150
Review Questions......Page 151
Recommended Websites......Page 153
References......Page 154
2 The Canadian Health Care Delivery System......Page 167
Evolution of the Canadian Health Care System......Page 173
Organization and Governance of Health Care......Page 180
Health Care Spending......Page 182
Trends and Reforms in Canada's Health Care System......Page 183
Right to Health Care......Page 186
Primary Health Care......Page 187
Future of Primary Health Care......Page 194
Settings for Health Care Delivery......Page 195
Levels of Care......Page 203
Challenges to the Health Care System......Page 206
Nursing's Future in the Emerging Health Care System......Page 210
Key Concepts......Page 211
Critical Thinking Exercises......Page 213
Review Questions......Page 214
Recommended Websites......Page 217
References......Page 218
3 The Development of Nursing in Canada......Page 227
Why Nursing History Matters......Page 230
Care of Strangers: the Early History of Nursing......Page 232
Globalization and the Emergence of Modern Nursing......Page 239
Nursing Education in Canada......Page 246
Health Care and Educational Reform......Page 253
Influence of Periods of Social Upheaval on Nursing......Page 256
Conclusion......Page 264
Key Concepts......Page 265
Critical Thinking Exercises......Page 266
Review Questions......Page 267
Recommended Websites......Page 268
References......Page 269
4 Community Health Nursing Practice......Page 276
Promoting the Health of Populations and Community Groups......Page 282
Community Health Nursing Practice......Page 283
The Changing Focus of Community Health Nursing Practice......Page 293
Community Assessment......Page 311
Promoting Clients' Health......Page 313
Key Concepts......Page 314
Critical Thinking Exercises......Page 316
Review Questions......Page 317
Recommended Websites......Page 320
References......Page 321
Unit II Foundations of Nursing Practice......Page 328
5 Theoretical Foundations of Nursing Practice......Page 329
Early Nursing Practice and the Emergence of Theory......Page 332
Nursing Process......Page 335
Conceptual Frameworks......Page 337
Metaparadigm Concepts......Page 338
Philosophy of Nursing Science......Page 341
Ways of Knowing in Nursing Practice......Page 343
Paradigm Debates Within Nursing......Page 344
Nursing Diagnosis......Page 345
Reflections on Conceptualizing Nursing......Page 346
Major Theoretical Models......Page 347
Theorizing in the Future......Page 358
Key Concepts......Page 360
Critical Thinking Exercises......Page 363
Review Questions......Page 364
References......Page 367
6 Evidence-Informed Practice......Page 374
Why Evidence?......Page 377
Development of Nursing Knowledge......Page 379
Researching the Evidence......Page 381
Integrate the Evidence......Page 388
Evaluate the Practice Design or Change......Page 390
Support for Evidence-Informed Practice......Page 391
The Development of Research in Nursing......Page 392
The History of Nursing Research in Canada......Page 394
Nursing Research......Page 396
Research Designs......Page 398
Ethical Issues in Research......Page 409
Applying Research Findings in Nursing Practice......Page 412
Key Concepts......Page 413
Critical Thinking Exercises......Page 415
Review Questions......Page 416
Recommended Websites......Page 417
References......Page 418
7 Nursing Values and Ethics......Page 420
Values......Page 424
Ethics......Page 427
Ethical Analysis and Nursing......Page 440
Ethical Issues in Nursing Practice......Page 447
Key Concepts......Page 457
Critical Thinking Exercises......Page 458
Review Questions......Page 460
Recommended Websites......Page 463
References......Page 464
8 Legal Implications in Nursing Practice......Page 468
Legal Limits of Nursing......Page 471
Legal Liability Issues in Nursing Practice......Page 477
Legal Issues in Nursing Practice......Page 495
Risk Management......Page 505
Key Concepts......Page 507
Critical Thinking Exercises......Page 509
Review Questions......Page 510
Recommended Websites......Page 512
References......Page 513
9 Global Health......Page 517
Global Health......Page 521
Intersectionality......Page 532
Cultural Diversity......Page 535
Understanding Cultural Concepts......Page 542
Historical Development of the Concept of Culture......Page 545
Cultural Assessment......Page 554
Global Health Nursing......Page 560
Key Concepts......Page 564
Critical Thinking Exercises......Page 566
Review Questions......Page 567
Recommended Websites......Page 569
References......Page 570
10 Indigenous Health......Page 581
Indigenous Diversity—the Canadian Perspective......Page 584
Indigenous History in Canada......Page 586
Cultural Orientations......Page 605
Nursing Considerations and Indigenous Health......Page 611
Illness Experiences—Chronic Diseases......Page 614
Indigenous Health—the Global Perspective......Page 633
Key Concepts......Page 637
Critical Thinking Exercises......Page 639
Review Questions......Page 642
Recommended Websites......Page 646
References......Page 648
11 Nursing Leadership, Management, and Collaborative Practice......Page 665
Leadership Theories......Page 674
Management and Leadership Roles for Nurses......Page 677
Quality Care and Patient Safety......Page 701
Leadership Skills for Nursing Students......Page 705
Key Concepts......Page 709
Critical Thinking Exercises......Page 712
Review Questions......Page 713
Recommended Websites......Page 716
References......Page 718
Unit III Approaches to Nursing Care......Page 725
12 Critical Thinking in Nursing Practice......Page 726
Critical Thinking Defined......Page 729
A Critical Thinking Model for Clinical Decision Making......Page 734
Levels of Critical Thinking in Nursing......Page 736
Components of Critical Thinking in Nursing......Page 738
Critical Thinking Competencies......Page 742
Developing Critical Thinking Skills......Page 755
Critical Thinking Synthesis......Page 759
Key Concepts......Page 761
Critical Thinking Exercises......Page 764
Review Questions......Page 765
Recommended Websites......Page 769
References......Page 770
13 Nursing Assessment, Diagnosis, and Planning......Page 773
Critical Thinking Approach to Assessment......Page 779
Assessment......Page 782
Nursing Diagnosis......Page 806
Critical Thinking and Nursing Diagnostic Process......Page 812
Concept Mapping for Nursing Diagnoses......Page 819
Sources of Diagnostic Errors......Page 821
Nursing Diagnoses: Application to Care Planning......Page 825
Planning......Page 826
Establishing Priorities......Page 827
Critical Thinking in Establishing Goals and Expected Outcomes......Page 829
Written Plans of Care......Page 838
Consulting Other Health Care Providers......Page 840
Conclusion......Page 841
Using the Nursing Process to Answer Multiple-Choice and Multiple-Response Exam Questions......Page 842
Key Concepts......Page 848
Review Questions......Page 852
Recommended Websites......Page 854
References......Page 855
14 Implementing and Evaluating Nursing Care......Page 858
Introduction......Page 861
Implementation......Page 864
Types of Nursing Interventions......Page 865
Selection of Interventions......Page 867
Critical Thinking in Implementation......Page 873
Standard Nursing Interventions......Page 877
Implementation Process......Page 879
Direct Care......Page 884
Indirect Care......Page 888
Achieving Client-Centred Goals......Page 890
Evaluation......Page 891
Critical Thinking and Evaluation......Page 892
Evaluation Process......Page 896
Conclusion......Page 907
Using the Nursing Process as a Guide for Exam Preparation for Test-Taking Strategies......Page 908
The Nursing Process and Studying Disease Management......Page 911
Key Concepts......Page 913
Critical Thinking Exercises......Page 916
Review Questions......Page 918
Recommended Websites......Page 921
References......Page 922
15 Documenting and Reporting......Page 924
Purposes of Medical Records......Page 929
The Shift to Electronic Documentation......Page 934
Interprofessional Communication Within the Medical Record......Page 937
Confidentiality......Page 938
Interprofessional Communication Within the Health Care Team......Page 943
Guidelines for Quality Documentation and Reporting......Page 945
Methods of Documentation......Page 952
Common Record-Keeping Forms......Page 961
Acuity Rating Systems......Page 966
Documentation in the Home Health Care Setting......Page 967
Documentation in the Long-Term Health Care Setting......Page 969
Documenting Communication With Providers and Unique Events......Page 971
Information Management in Health Care......Page 980
Key Concepts......Page 987
Critical Thinking Exercises......Page 990
Review Questions......Page 991
Recommended Websites......Page 995
References......Page 996
16 Nursing Informatics and Canadian Nursing Practice......Page 999
Nursing Informatics and the Canadian Health Care System......Page 1004
Standards and Clinical Interoperability......Page 1011
Canadian Privacy Legislation......Page 1023
Informatics Competencies as a Strategic Direction......Page 1026
Clinician Engagement and Informatics Communities......Page 1036
Critical Thinking Exercises......Page 1041
Review Questions......Page 1042
Recommended Websites......Page 1044
References......Page 1046
Unit IV Working With Patients and Families......Page 1052
17 Communication and Relational Practice......Page 1053
Communication and Interpersonal Relationships......Page 1058
Developing Communication Skills......Page 1061
Levels of Communication......Page 1065
Basic Elements of the Communication Process......Page 1067
Forms of Communication......Page 1071
Professional Nursing Relationships......Page 1079
Elements of Professional Communication......Page 1085
Communication Within The Nursing Process......Page 1088
Key Concepts......Page 1118
Critical Thinking Exercises......Page 1121
Review Questions......Page 1122
Recommended Websites......Page 1125
References......Page 1126
18 Patient-Centred Care......Page 1129
Jane Black's Story......Page 1133
Knowing......Page 1135
Thinking......Page 1144
Nursing Process......Page 1145
Clinical Judgement Model......Page 1147
Interacting......Page 1156
Key Concepts......Page 1168
Critical Thinking Exercises......Page 1169
Review Questions......Page 1173
Recommended Websites......Page 1175
References......Page 1178
19 Family Nursing......Page 1181
What Is a Family?......Page 1186
Current Trends in the Canadian Family......Page 1187
The Family and Health......Page 1193
Family Nursing Care......Page 1195
Assessing the Challenges, Strengths, and Needs of the Family: The Calgary Family Assessment Model......Page 1201
Family Intervention: The Calgary Family Intervention Model......Page 1222
Interviewing the Family......Page 1230
Key Concepts......Page 1232
Critical Thinking Exercises......Page 1235
Review Questions......Page 1237
Recommended Websites......Page 1240
References......Page 1241
20 Patient Education......Page 1245
Goals of Patient Education......Page 1251
Teaching and Learning......Page 1255
Domains of Learning......Page 1258
Basic Learning Principles......Page 1263
Integrating the Nursing and Teaching Processes......Page 1273
Key Concepts......Page 1302
Critical Thinking Exercises......Page 1304
Review Questons......Page 1305
Recommended Websites......Page 1308
References......Page 1309
Unit V Caring Throughout the Lifespan......Page 1312
21 Developmental Theories......Page 1313
Growth and Development......Page 1318
Traditions of Developmental Theories......Page 1321
Organicism......Page 1322
Psychoanalytic and Psychosocial Tradition......Page 1334
Mechanistic Tradition......Page 1346
Contextualism......Page 1347
Dialecticism......Page 1351
Developmental Theories and Nursing......Page 1356
Key Concepts......Page 1357
Critical Thinking Exercises......Page 1359
Review Questions......Page 1360
Recommended Websites......Page 1363
References......Page 1365
22 Conception Through Adolescence......Page 1369
Selecting a Developmental Framework for Nursing......Page 1375
Conception......Page 1376
Transition From Intrauterine to Extrauterine Life......Page 1381
Newborn......Page 1384
Infant......Page 1393
Toddler......Page 1417
Preschooler......Page 1424
School-Age Children and Adolescents......Page 1431
School-Age Child......Page 1434
Adolescence......Page 1449
Key Concepts......Page 1469
Critical Thinking Exercises......Page 1471
Review Questions......Page 1472
Recommended Websites......Page 1475
References......Page 1476
23 Young to Middle Adulthood......Page 1481
Young Adulthood......Page 1485
Middle Adulthood......Page 1505
Key Concepts......Page 1518
Critical Thinking Exercises......Page 1520
Review Questions......Page 1521
Recommended Websites......Page 1524
References......Page 1525
24 Older Persons......Page 1529
Variability Among Older Persons......Page 1533
Myths and SterEotypes......Page 1534
Nurses' Attitudes Toward Older Persons......Page 1537
Aging Well and Quality of Life......Page 1539
Community-Based and Institutional Health Care Services......Page 1540
Assessing the Needs of Older Persons......Page 1542
Addressing the Health Concerns of Older Persons......Page 1563
Older Persons and the Acute Care Setting......Page 1582
Older Persons and Restorative Care......Page 1585
Older Persons and Palliative Care......Page 1587
Key Concepts......Page 1588
Critical Thinking Exercises......Page 1590
Review Questions......Page 1591
Recommended Websites......Page 1593
References......Page 1594
25 The Experience of Loss, Death, and Grief......Page 1599
Scientific Knowledge Base......Page 1603
Nursing Knowledge Base......Page 1613
Critical Thinking......Page 1620
The Nursing Process And Grief......Page 1623
Key Concepts......Page 1669
Critical Thinking Exercises......Page 1672
Review Questions......Page 1673
Recommended Websites......Page 1676
References......Page 1677
Unit VI Psychosocial Considerations......Page 1680
26 Self-Concept......Page 1681
Scientific Knowledge Base......Page 1684
Nursing Knowledge Base......Page 1687
Critical Thinking......Page 1713
Self-Concept and the Nursing Process......Page 1714
Nursing Diagnosis......Page 1718
Key Concepts......Page 1732
Critical Thinking Exercises......Page 1734
Review Questions......Page 1736
Recommended Websites......Page 1739
References......Page 1740
27 Sexuality......Page 1743
Scientific Knowledge Base......Page 1747
Nursing Knowledge Base......Page 1766
Critical Thinking......Page 1775
Sexuality and The Nursing Process......Page 1778
Key Concepts......Page 1793
Critical Thinking Exercises......Page 1795
Review Questions......Page 1796
Recommended Websites......Page 1798
References......Page 1799
28 Spirituality in Health and Health Care......Page 1804
Historical Perspectives......Page 1807
Spirituality and Nursing Theory......Page 1809
Spirituality and the Life Journey......Page 1813
Critical Thinking......Page 1820
Ethical Spiritual Care......Page 1825
Providing Spiritual Care......Page 1832
Reflecting on Nurses' Spiritual Care......Page 1839
Key Concepts......Page 1840
Critical Thinking Exercises......Page 1842
Review Questions......Page 1843
Recommended Websites......Page 1846
References......Page 1848
29 Stress and Adaptation......Page 1854
Conceptualizations of Stress......Page 1858
Stress Response Systems......Page 1863
Stress and the Immune System......Page 1867
The Relationship Between Type of Stressor and Health......Page 1869
Nursing Knowledge Base......Page 1873
Critical Thinking......Page 1880
Nursing Process......Page 1881
Key Concepts......Page 1903
Critical Thinking Exercises......Page 1905
Review Questions......Page 1906
Recommended Websites......Page 1909
References......Page 1910
Unit VII Scientific Basis for Nursing Practice......Page 1916
30 Vital Signs......Page 1917
Guidelines for Measuring Vital Signs......Page 1922
Body Temperature......Page 1926
Nursing Process and Thermoregulation......Page 1938
Pulse......Page 1963
Nursing Process and Pulse Determination......Page 1980
Respiration......Page 1981
Nursing Process and Respiratory Vital Signs......Page 1994
Blood Pressure......Page 1996
Nursing Process and Blood Pressure Determination......Page 2028
Health Promotion and Vital Signs......Page 2029
Key Concepts......Page 2035
Critical Thinking Exercises......Page 2037
Review Questions......Page 2039
Recommended Websites......Page 2042
References......Page 2043
31 Pain Assessment and Management......Page 2046
Scientific Knowledge Base......Page 2050
Nursing Knowledge Base......Page 2064
Critical Thinking......Page 2075
Nursing Process and Pain......Page 2077
Key Concepts......Page 2139
Critical Thinking Exercises......Page 2141
Review Questions......Page 2142
Recommended Websites......Page 2145
References......Page 2147
32 Health Assessment and Physical Examination......Page 2160
Social and Cultural Considerations......Page 2166
Skills of Physical Assessment......Page 2171
Preparation for Examination......Page 2176
Organization of the Examination......Page 2184
General Survey......Page 2187
The Integumentary System: Skin, Hair, and Nails......Page 2198
Head and Neck......Page 2222
Thorax and Lungs......Page 2256
Heart......Page 2270
Vascular System......Page 2281
Breasts......Page 2298
Abdomen......Page 2308
Female Genitalia and Reproductive Tract......Page 2317
Male Genitalia......Page 2324
Rectum and Anus......Page 2332
Musculoskeletal System......Page 2335
Neurological System......Page 2344
After the Examination......Page 2362
Integration of Physical Assessment With Nursing Care......Page 2363
Key Concepts......Page 2364
Critical Thinking Exercises......Page 2367
Review Questions......Page 2368
Recommended Websites......Page 2371
References......Page 2373
33 Infection Control......Page 2376
Scientific Knowledge Base......Page 2381
Nursing Process In Infection Control......Page 2402
Key Concepts......Page 2481
Critical Thinking Exercises......Page 2484
Review Questions......Page 2485
Recommended Websites......Page 2488
References......Page 2489
34 Medication Administration......Page 2493
Scientific Knowledge Base......Page 2498
Nursing Knowledge Base......Page 2525
Critical Thinking......Page 2550
Nursing Process and Medication Administration......Page 2563
Medication Administration......Page 2585
Key Concepts......Page 2698
Critical Thinking Exercises......Page 2701
Review Questions......Page 2702
Recommended Websites......Page 2705
References......Page 2706
35 Complementary and Alternative Approaches in Health Care......Page 2712
Complementary, Alternative, and Integrative Approaches in Health Care......Page 2716
Nursing-Accessible Approaches......Page 2725
Complementary and Alternative Medicine Approaches Requiring Education......Page 2731
Health Promotion: Nutrition in Disease Prevention......Page 2739
Nursing Role for Interprofessional Collaboration in CAM......Page 2747
Key Concepts......Page 2749
Critical Thinking Exercises......Page 2751
Review Questions......Page 2752
Recommended Websites......Page 2755
References......Page 2757
Unit VIII Basic Physiological Needs......Page 2764
36 Activity and Exercise......Page 2765
Scientific Knowledge Base......Page 2771
Nursing Knowledge Base......Page 2786
Critical Thinking......Page 2814
Nursing Process......Page 2815
Key Concepts......Page 2859
Critical Thinking Exercises......Page 2861
Review Questions......Page 2862
Recommended Websites......Page 2866
References......Page 2868
37 Quality and Patient Safety......Page 2873
Scientific Knowledge Base......Page 2879
Nursing Knowledge Base......Page 2884
Critical Thinking......Page 2894
Safety and the Nursing Process......Page 2897
Key Concepts......Page 2943
Critical Thinking Exercises......Page 2945
Review Questions......Page 2946
Recommended Websites......Page 2948
References......Page 2949
38 Hygiene......Page 2954
Scientific Knowledge Base......Page 2958
Nursing Knowledge Base......Page 2963
Critical Thinking......Page 2967
Nursing Process......Page 2970
Key Concepts......Page 3069
Critical Thinking Exercises......Page 3071
Review Questions......Page 3072
Recommended Websites......Page 3075
References......Page 3076
39 Cardiopulmonary Functioning and Oxygenation......Page 3079
Scientific Knowledge Base......Page 3083
Nursing Knowledge Base......Page 3113
Critical Thinking......Page 3120
Nursing Process......Page 3124
Key Concepts......Page 3207
Critical Thinking Exercises......Page 3209
Review Questions......Page 3210
Recommended Websites......Page 3215
References......Page 3216
40 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid–Base Balances......Page 3222
Scientific Knowledge Base......Page 3228
Knowledge Base of Nursing Practice......Page 3254
Critical Thinking......Page 3255
Nursing Process......Page 3257
Key Concepts......Page 3345
Critical Thinking Exercises......Page 3347
Review Questions......Page 3349
Recommended Websites......Page 3351
References......Page 3353
41 Sleep......Page 3358
Scientific Knowledge Base......Page 3362
Nursing Knowledge Base......Page 3384
Critical Thinking......Page 3394
Nursing Process......Page 3396
Key Concepts......Page 3429
Critical Thinking Exercises......Page 3431
Review Questions......Page 3432
Recommended Websites......Page 3435
References......Page 3437
42 Nutrition......Page 3443
Scientific Knowledge Base......Page 3450
Nursing Knowledge Base......Page 3473
Critical Thinking......Page 3491
Nursing Process and Nutrition......Page 3493
Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose......Page 3529
Enteral Tube Feeding......Page 3538
Large-Bore Tube and Nasogastric or Orogastric Suctioning......Page 3566
Parenteral Nutrition......Page 3570
Key Concepts......Page 3576
Critical Thinking Exercises......Page 3578
Review Questions......Page 3579
Recommended Websites......Page 3582
References......Page 3584
43 Urinary Elimination......Page 3605
Scientific Knowledge Base......Page 3608
Nursing Knowledge Base......Page 3624
Critical Thinking......Page 3627
Nursing Process and Alterations in Urinary Function......Page 3629
Key Concepts......Page 3704
Critical Thinking Exercises......Page 3706
Review Questions......Page 3707
Recommended Websites......Page 3710
References......Page 3712
44 Bowel Elimination......Page 3716
Scientific Knowledge Base......Page 3720
Nursing Knowledge Base......Page 3729
Critical Thinking......Page 3737
Nursing Process and Bowel Elimination......Page 3739
Key Concepts......Page 3803
Critical Thinking Exercises......Page 3805
Review Questions......Page 3806
Recommended Websites......Page 3808
References......Page 3809
Unit IX Patients With Special Needs......Page 3812
45 Mobility and Immobility......Page 3813
Scientific Knowledge Base......Page 3817
Nursing Knowledge Base......Page 3823
Critical Thinking......Page 3839
Nursing Process......Page 3842
Key Concepts......Page 3918
Critical Thinking Exercises......Page 3920
Review Questions......Page 3921
Recommended Websites......Page 3925
References......Page 3926
46 Skin Integrity and Wound Care......Page 3929
Scientific Knowledge Base......Page 3933
Nursing Knowledge Base......Page 3942
Critical Thinking......Page 3948
Nursing Process......Page 3955
Key Concepts......Page 4051
Critical Thinking Exercises......Page 4054
Review Questions......Page 4055
Recommended Websites......Page 4058
References......Page 4060
47 Sensory Alterations......Page 4067
Scientific Knowledge Base......Page 4072
Nursing Knowledge Base......Page 4085
Critical Thinking......Page 4093
Nursing Process......Page 4095
Key Concepts......Page 4130
Critical Thinking Exercises......Page 4131
Review Questions......Page 4132
Recommended Websites......Page 4134
References......Page 4136
48 Care of Surgical Patients......Page 4144
History of Surgical Nursing......Page 4148
Scientific Knowledge Base......Page 4153
Nursing Knowledge Base......Page 4155
Critical Thinking......Page 4156
Nursing Process in the Preoperative Surgical Phase......Page 4159
Transport to the Operating Room......Page 4222
Intraoperative Surgical Phase......Page 4223
Nursing Process in the Intraoperative Surgical Phase......Page 4225
Postoperative Surgical Phase......Page 4231
Nursing Process in Postoperative Care......Page 4239
Key Concepts......Page 4268
Critical Thinking Exercises......Page 4270
Review Questions......Page 4271
Recommended Websites......Page 4274
References......Page 4275
Appendix A Practical Nursing in Canada......Page 4282
Objectives......Page 4284
Key Terms......Page 4285
History of Practical Nursing in Canada......Page 4286
Practical Nursing Today: Issues and Trends......Page 4295
Standards and Scope of Practice......Page 4306
Legislation, Regulatory Bodies, and Professional Associations......Page 4315
The Future of Practical Nursing in Canada......Page 4322
Key Concepts......Page 4327
Critical Thinking Exercises......Page 4329
Review Questions......Page 4330
References......Page 4333
Appendix B Laboratory Values......Page 4336
Review Question Rationales......Page 4350
Chapter 1......Page 4352
Chapter 2......Page 4354
Chapter 3......Page 4356
Chapter 4......Page 4357
Chapter 5......Page 4359
Chapter 6......Page 4361
Chapter 7......Page 4362
Chapter 8......Page 4364
Chapter 9......Page 4366
Chapter 10......Page 4367
Chapter 11......Page 4369
Chapter 12......Page 4371
Chapter 13......Page 4373
Chapter 14......Page 4375
Chapter 15......Page 4377
Chapter 16......Page 4379
Chapter 17......Page 4381
Chapter 18......Page 4383
Chapter 19......Page 4385
Chapter 20......Page 4387
Chapter 21......Page 4390
Chapter 22......Page 4392
Chapter 23......Page 4394
Chapter 24......Page 4397
Chapter 25......Page 4399
Chapter 26......Page 4401
Chapter 27......Page 4403
Chapter 28......Page 4405
Chapter 29......Page 4407
Chapter 30......Page 4409
Chapter 31......Page 4412
Chapter 32......Page 4414
Chapter 33......Page 4417
Chapter 34......Page 4419
Chapter 35......Page 4421
Chapter 36......Page 4423
Chapter 37......Page 4425
Chapter 38......Page 4426
Chapter 39......Page 4427
Chapter 40......Page 4429
Chapter 41......Page 4431
Chapter 42......Page 4433
Chapter 43......Page 4435
Chapter 44......Page 4437
Chapter 45......Page 4439
Chapter 46......Page 4441
Chapter 47......Page 4443
Chapter 48......Page 4445
Appendix A......Page 4447
Index......Page 4449
Special Features......Page 4736
Patient Teaching......Page 4738
Concept Maps......Page 4740
Research Highlights......Page 4742
Nursing Care Plans......Page 4745
Procedural Guidelines......Page 4747
Skills......Page 4749