Canadian Air Law for Pilots

Introduction
Abstract
Sypnosis
Part I: Administrative Law
Part II: Penal Law
Part III: Aircraft in Canada
Part IV: Air Law
Tag Words
Contents of Volume 1
Contents of Volume 2
About the Author
Part I: Administrative Law
Chapter 1: Principal Statutes Pertinent to Air Law and Pilots
1.1 Jurisdiction
1.1.1 Bijuralism
1.1.2 Constitution
1.1.3 Aeronautics
1.2 Legislation, Regulations and Standards
1.2.1 The Aeronautics Act, R.S.C., 1985, c. A-2
1.2.2 The Canadian Aviation Regulations, SOR/96-433
1.2.3 The Standards
1.2.4 The Transport Canada Aeronautical Information Manual
1.3 Pilots and Canada’s Official Languages
1.3.1 General
1.3.2 Formal Aviation Language Proficiency Demonstration (ALPD)
1.3.3 The Official Languages Act, R.S.C., 1985, c. 31 (4th Supp.)
Chapter 2: Canadian Civil Aviation Regulatory Authorities and Agencies
2.1 Minister of Transport
2.1.1 Minister
2.1.2 Transport Canada
2.2 Transportation Appeal Tribunal of Canada
2.3 Canadian Transportation Agency
2.4 Transportation Safety Board
2.5 Canadian Air Transport Security Authority
2.6 NAV CANADA
Chapter 3: Administrative Tribunals and Courts of Law
3.1 Overlook on Administrative Tribunals
3.1.1 General
3.1.2 Procedure
3.1.2.1 Statute
3.1.2.2 Principles of Natural Justice and Duty of Procedural Fairness
3.1.3 Code of Conduct
3.1.4 Constitution
3.1.4.1 Section 52 of the Canada Act 1982 (U.K.), 1982, c. 11
3.1.4.2 Section 24 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
3.2 General Overview of Canada’s Judicial System
3.2.1 Provincial and Territorial Courts
3.2.2 Superior Courts
3.2.2.1 Trial-Level
3.2.2.2 Appeal-Level
3.2.3 Courts of Appeal
3.2.4 Courts Martial, Court Martial Appeal Court and Tax Court
3.2.4.1 Courts Martial and Court Martial Appeal Court
3.2.4.2 Tax Court of Canada
3.2.5 Federal Courts
3.2.5.1 Federal Court of Canada
3.2.5.1.1 Jurisdiction
3.2.5.1.2 Judicial Review
3.2.5.2 Federal Court of Appeal
3.2.5.2.1 Composition
3.2.5.2.2 Jurisdiction
3.2.5.2.2.1 Appeals
3.2.5.2.2.2 Judicial Review
3.2.6 Supreme Court of Canada
Chapter 4: Pilots and Canadian Decision-Makers Under Air Law
4.1 Decisions of the Minister of Transport
4.1.1 Transport Canada’s Aviation Enforcement Policy
4.1.1.1 Philosophy and Principles
4.1.1.2 Enforcement Process
4.1.1.2.1 Detection of the Violation
4.1.1.2.2 Transport Canada Inspector and Detection Notice
4.1.1.2.3 The Regional Manager of Enforcement and Investigations
4.1.2 Statutory Powers of the Minister Affecting Pilots under Part I of the Aeronautics Act, R.S.C., 1985, c. A-2
4.1.2.1 Security Clearance
4.1.2.1.1 Definition
4.1.2.1.2 Grant, Refusal, Suspension or Cancellation — S. 4.8
4.1.2.1.2.1 Purpose
4.1.2.1.3 The Transport Canada Security Clearance Program
4.1.2.1.3.1 Objective
4.1.2.1.3.2 Procedure
4.1.2.2 Medical and Optometric Information
4.1.2.2.1 Minister to Be Provided with Information — Subs. 6.5(1)
4.1.2.2.2 Patient to Advise — Subs. 6.5(2)
4.1.2.2.3 Use by Minister — Subs. 6.5(3)
4.1.2.2.4 No Proceedings Shall Lie — Subs. 6.5(4)
4.1.2.2.5 Information Privileged — Subs. 6.5(5)
4.1.2.2.6 Deemed Consent — Subs. 6.5(6)
4.1.2.3 Measures Relating to Canadian Aviation Documents
4.1.2.3.1 Refusal to Issue or Amend — Subss. 6.71(1)(2)
4.1.2.3.1.1 Decision
4.1.2.3.1.2 Contents of Notice
4.1.2.3.2 General Suspension — S. 6.8
4.1.2.3.3 Suspension or Cancellation if Contravention of a Regulation, Notice, Order, Security Measure, or Emergency Direction — Subss. 6.9(1)(2)
4.1.2.3.3.1 Decision
4.1.2.3.3.2 Contents of Notice
4.1.2.3.4 Suspension if Immediate Threat to Aviation Safety or Security — Subss. 7(1)(2)(2.1)
4.1.2.3.4.1 Decision
4.1.2.3.4.2 Contents of Notice
4.1.2.3.4.3 Effective Date of Minister’s Decision
4.1.2.3.5 Suspension, Cancellation or Refusal to Renew on Other Grounds — Subss. 7.1(1)(2)(2.1)
4.1.2.3.5.1 Decision
4.1.2.3.5.2 Contents of Notice
4.1.2.3.5.3 Effective Date of Minister’s Decision
4.1.2.3.6 Default in Payment — S. 7.21
4.1.2.3.6.1 Certificate
4.1.2.3.6.2 Notice
4.1.2.4 Offences and Administrative Contraventions
4.1.2.4.1 Provincial Courts’ Offences — Ss. 7.3 to 7.5
4.1.2.4.2 Procedure Pertaining to Certain Contraventions — Administrative — Ss. 7.6 to 8.2
4.1.2.4.2.1 Designated Provisions — Subs. 7.6(1)
4.1.2.4.2.1.1 Non-Application of Summary Conviction Procedure — Subs. 7.6(2)
4.1.2.4.2.1.2 Under the CARs
4.1.2.4.2.2 Procedure
4.1.2.4.2.2.1 Notice of Assessment of Monetary Penalty — Subs. 7.7(1)
4.1.2.4.2.2.2 Content of the Notice — Subs. 7.7(2)
4.1.2.4.2.2.3 Content of the Notice if CAR Contravention(s) — CAR 103.08(3)
4.1.2.4.2.2.4 Options of the Person Who Received the Notice — S. 7.8
4.1.2.4.2.2.5 Pay the Penalty — S. 7.9
4.1.2.4.2.2.6 File a Request for Review — S. 7.91
4.1.2.4.2.2.7 Certificate Issued by the Tribunal — S. 7.92
4.1.2.4.2.2.8 Registration of the Certificate — S. 8.2
4.1.2.5 Record of the Minister
4.1.2.5.1 Requirement
4.1.2.5.1.1 Notice of Decision
4.1.2.5.1.2 Application of Certain Provisions
4.1.2.5.1.3 Repeat of Applications Limited
4.1.2.5.2 Publications of Enforcement Actions
4.1.2.5.2.1 Corporate Offenders
4.1.2.5.2.2 Non-Corporate Offenders
4.1.2.6 Defence — S. 8.5
4.1.2.7 Powers to Enter, Seize and Detain in Aeonautical Matters — S. 8.5
4.1.2.7.1 Minister’s Powers — S. 8.7
4.1.2.7.1.1 General — Subs. 8.7(1)
4.1.2.7.1.2 Duty to Assist Minister — S. 8.8
4.1.2.7.1.3 Matters Relating to National Defence — Subs. 8.7(1.01)
4.1.2.7.2 Search Warrants — Subs. 8.7(2)
4.1.2.7.3 Warrant Required to Enter Dwelling-House — Subs. 8.7(4)
4.1.2.7.4 Authority to Issue Warrant — Subs. 8.7(5)
4.1.2.7.5 Use of Force — Subs. 8.7(6)
4.1.3 Interpretation Clarifications — Canada (Attorney General) v. Woods, [2002] FCJ no 1267 (QL)
4.1.3.1 Background
4.1.3.2 Reasons
4.2 Review Member’s Determination and Appeal Panel’s Decision
4.2.1 General
4.2.1.1 Jurisdiction
4.2.1.1.1 General Jurisdiction
4.2.1.1.2 Jurisdiction over Administrative Monetary Penalties under Specific Acts
4.2.1.2 Principal Office
4.2.1.3 Sittings
4.2.1.4 Composition
4.2.1.4.1 Members
4.2.1.4.2 Chairperson
4.2.1.4.3 Vice-Chairperson
4.2.1.5 Tenure
4.2.1.5.1 Term of Office
4.2.1.5.2 Reappointment
4.2.1.5.3 Disposition after Member Ceases to Hold Office
4.2.1.6 Renumeration
4.2.1.6.1 Determined by Governor in Counsel
4.2.1.6.2 Expenses
4.2.1.6.3 Status
4.2.1.7 Inconsistent Interests
4.2.1.7.1 Full-Time Members
4.2.1.7.1.1 Divesting of Interests
4.2.1.7.1.2 Duties of Full-Time Members
4.2.1.7.2 Part-Time Members
4.2.1.8 Hearings on Review
4.2.1.9 Hearings on Appeal
4.2.1.9.1 Size of Appeal Panel
4.2.1.9.2 Composition
4.2.1.9.3 Qualifications of Members
4.2.1.9.4 Medical Matters
4.2.1.9.5 Decision of Appeal Panel
4.2.1.9.6 Nature of Appeal
4.2.1.10 Nature of Hearings
4.2.1.10.1 Rules of Evidence
4.2.1.10.2 Restriction
4.2.1.10.3 Appearance
4.2.1.10.4 Private Hearings
4.2.1.11 Standard of Proof
4.2.1.12 Powers of Tribunal
4.2.1.13 Reasons
4.2.1.13.1 Review
4.2.1.13.2 Appeal
4.2.1.14 Rules
4.2.1.15 Costs
4.2.1.15.1 Award and Reimbursement
4.2.1.15.2 Recovery
4.2.1.15.3 Certificate
4.2.1.15.4 Registration of Certificate
4.2.1.16 Proceedings to be Recorded
4.2.1.17 Decision on Appeal Final
4.2.1.18 Annual Report
4.2.2 Procedure
4.2.2.1 Transportation Appeal Tribunal of Canada Rules, SOR/86–594
4.2.2.1.1 Definitions
4.2.2.1.2 Application
4.2.2.1.3 If Procedural Void
4.2.2.1.4 Service
4.2.2.1.5 Filing
4.2.2.1.6 Saturday or Holiday
4.2.2.1.7 For Matters Different Requests for Review or Appeal
4.2.2.1.7.1 Application
4.2.2.1.7.2 Form
4.2.2.1.7.3 Service
4.2.2.1.7.4 Power to Dispose
4.2.2.1.7.5 Determination
4.2.2.1.8 Extending or Abridging Time
4.2.2.1.9 Preliminary Procedures
4.2.2.1.10 Adjournments
4.2.2.1.11 Witness
4.2.2.1.11.1 Summons
4.2.2.1.11.2 Service
4.2.2.1.11.3 Failure to Attend
4.2.2.1.12 Proceeding
4.2.2.1.12.1 Examination and Cross-Examination
4.2.2.1.12.2 Tribunal’s Powers
4.2.2.1.12.2.1 Witness
4.2.2.1.12.2.2 Affidavit
4.2.2.1.12.2.3 Inspection
4.2.2.1.13 Argument
4.2.2.1.14 Appeals
4.2.2.1.14.1 Filing
4.2.2.1.14.2 Statement
4.2.2.1.14.3 Service of the Request
4.2.2.1.14.4 Service of the Notice and Copy of the Record
4.2.2.1.15 Determination or Decision
4.2.2.1.15.1 Form
4.2.2.1.15.2 Start Day to Calculate Appeal Period
4.2.2.1.15.3 Service of the Determination or Decision
4.2.2.2 Aeronautics Act, R.S.C., 1985, c. A-2
4.2.2.2.1 Application for Review Hearing
4.2.2.2.1.1 Measures Relating to Canadian Aviation Documents
4.2.2.2.1.1.1 Refusal to Issue or Amend — S. 6.72
4.2.2.2.1.1.1.1 Request for Review
4.2.2.2.1.1.1.2 Time and Place for Review
4.2.2.2.1.1.1.3 Review Procedure
4.2.2.2.1.1.1.4 Determination
4.2.2.2.1.1.2 Suspension or Cancellation if Contravention of a Regulation, Notice, Order, Security Measure, or Emergency Direction — subss. 6.9(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(7.1)(8)
4.2.2.2.1.1.2.1 Request for Review of Minister’s Decision
4.2.2.2.1.1.2.2 Request for Review Not a Stay of Suspension, Etc.
4.2.2.2.1.1.2.3 Exception Re Stay Direction
4.2.2.2.1.1.2.4 Appointment of Review Time
4.2.2.2.1.1.2.5 Review Procedure
4.2.2.2.1.1.2.6 Holder, Owner or Operator Not Compelled to Testify
4.2.2.2.1.1.2.7 Determination of Member
4.2.2.2.1.1.3 Suspension Where Immediate Threat to Aviation Safety or Security — subss.
4.2.2.2.1.1.3.1 Request for Review of Minister’s Decision
4.2.2.2.1.1.3.2 Request for Review Not a Stay of Suspension
4.2.2.2.1.1.3.3 Appointment of Review Time
4.2.2.2.1.1.3.4 Review Procedure
4.2.2.2.1.1.3.5 Determination
4.2.2.2.1.1.3.6 Effect of Decision Pending Reconsideration
4.2.2.2.1.1.3.7 Request for Reconsideration of Immediate Threat
4.2.2.2.1.1.3.8 Reconsideration
4.2.2.2.1.1.4 Suspension, Cancellation or Refusal to Renew on Other Grounds — subss.
4.2.2.2.1.1.4.1 Request for Review of Minister’s Decision
4.2.2.2.1.1.4.2 Request for Review Not a Stay of Suspension, Cancellation or Refusal to Renew
4.2.2.2.1.1.4.3 Appointment of Review Time
4.2.2.2.1.1.4.4 Review Procedure
4.2.2.2.1.1.4.5 Determination of the Member
4.2.2.2.1.1.4.6 Effect of Decision Pending Reconsideration
4.2.2.2.1.2 Procedure Pertaining to Certain Contraventions — Ss. 7.91 and 8
4.2.2.2.1.2.1 Request for Review of Determination
4.2.2.2.1.2.2 Time and Place for Review
4.2.2.2.1.2.3 Review Procedure
4.2.2.2.1.2.4 Burden of Proof
4.2.2.2.1.2.5 Person Not Compelled to Testify
4.2.2.2.1.2.6 Determination by Tribunal Member
4.2.2.2.2 Appeal Hearings
4.2.2.2.2.1 Measures Relating to Canadian Aviation Documents — S. 7.2
4.2.2.2.2.1.1 Right of Appeal
4.2.2.2.2.1.2 Loss of Right of Appeal
4.2.2.2.2.1.3 Disposition of Appeal
4.2.2.2.2.1.4 Effect of Decision Pending Reconsideration
4.2.2.2.2.2 Procedure Pertaining to Certain Contraventions — S. 8.1
4.2.2.2.2.2.1 Right of Appeal
4.2.2.2.2.2.2 Loss of Right of Appeal
4.2.2.2.2.2.3 Disposition of Appeal
4.2.2.2.2.2.4 Certificate
4.2.3 Code of Conduct for Members of the Transportation Appeal Tribunal of Canada
4.2.3.1 General
4.2.3.1.1 Purpose
4.2.3.1.2 Application
4.2.3.1.3 Scope
4.2.3.1.4 Administration
4.2.3.1.5 Expertise
4.2.3.1.6 Collegiality
4.2.3.2 Responsibilities to the Parties
4.2.3.2.1 Conduct of Hearings
4.2.3.2.2 Natural Justice
4.2.3.2.3 Impartiality
4.2.3.2.4 Fairness and Transparency
4.2.3.2.5 Communication with Participants in a Proceeding
4.2.3.2.6 Decision-Making
4.2.3.3 Responsibilities to the Public
4.2.3.3.1 Integrity
4.2.3.3.2 Conflict of Interest
4.2.3.3.3 Bias
4.2.3.3.4 Gifts or Other Advantages
4.2.3.3.5 Outside Activities
4.3 Judicial Review
4.3.1 Introduction
4.3.2 Procedure
4.3.2.1 Procedural Chart
4.3.2.2 Application
4.3.2.2.1 General
4.3.2.2.2 Electronic Filing
4.3.2.2.3 Contents of the Notice of Application
4.3.2.2.4 Service of the Notice of Application
4.3.2.2.4.1 General
4.3.2.2.4.2 Motion for Directions as to Service
4.3.2.2.4.3 Proof of Service
4.3.2.3 Notice of Appearance
4.3.2.4 Affidavits
4.3.2.4.1 Applicant
4.3.2.4.2 Respondent
4.3.2.5 Material in the Possession of the Tribunal
4.3.2.5.1 Material from Tribunal
4.3.2.5.2 Request in Notice of Application
4.3.2.5.3 Service of Request
4.3.2.5.4 Material to be Transmitted
4.3.2.5.5 Objection by Tribunal
4.3.2.5.6 Directions as to Procedure
4.3.2.5.7 Order
4.3.2.5.8 Return of Material
4.3.2.6 Cross-Examinations
4.3.2.7 Records
4.3.2.7.1 Applicant’s Record
4.3.2.7.1.1 Number of Copies
4.3.2.7.1.2 Contents
4.3.2.7.1.3 Retention of Original Affidavits
4.3.2.7.2 Respondent’s Record
4.3.2.7.2.1 Number of Copies
4.3.2.7.2.2 Contents
4.3.2.7.2.3 Retention of Original Affidavits
4.3.2.8 Preparation before Hearings
4.3.2.8.1 Preparation by Registry
4.3.2.8.2 Documents to be Provided
4.3.2.8.3 Additional Steps
4.3.2.8.4 Requirement to File Additional Material
4.3.2.9 Hearings
4.3.2.9.1 Requisition for Hearing
4.3.2.9.1.1 General
4.3.2.9.1.2 Contents
4.3.2.9.2 Pre-Hearing Conference
4.3.2.9.3 Testimony Regarding Issue of Fact
4.3.2.10 Grounds of Review
4.3.2.11 Powers of Federal Court
4.3.3 Standard of Review
4.3.3.1 Dunsmuir Principles
4.3.3.1.1 Context
4.3.3.1.2 Facts
4.3.3.1.3 Reasons
4.3.3.1.4 Conclusion
4.3.3.1.5 Issues with Dunsmuir
4.3.3.2 The Administrative Law Trilogy (Vavilov)
4.3.3.2.1 Reasons
4.3.3.2.2 Consequences
4.3.3.3 Interpretation of S. 18.1 of the Federal Courts act, R.S.C., 1985, c. F-7
4.3.3.3.1 Background
4.3.3.3.2 Reasons
4.3.4 Principles of Natural Justice and Duty of Procedural Fairness
4.3.4.1 Principles of Natural Justice
4.3.4.1.1 Application
4.3.4.1.2 Content
4.3.4.1.2.1 The Right to be Heard
4.3.4.2 Duty of Procedural Fairness
4.3.4.2.1 Origins
4.3.4.2.2 Application
4.3.4.2.3 Factors Affecting the Content of Duty of Fairness
4.3.5 Selective Case Law Review Involving Pilots
4.3.5.1 Minister’s Decision-Making Power, and the Transportation Security Clearance
4.3.5.1.1 Rivet v. Canada (Attorney General), 2007 FC 1175
4.3.5.1.1.1 Facts
4.3.5.1.1.2 Issues
4.3.5.1.1.3 Reasons
4.3.5.1.1.3.1 Standard of Review Analysis
4.3.5.1.1.3.2 Was the Decision Unreasonable?
4.3.5.1.1.3.3 Was there a Breach of Procedural Fairness?
4.3.5.1.1.4 Conclusion
4.3.5.1.2 Mangat v. Canada (Attorney General), 2016 FC 907
4.3.5.1.2.1 Facts
4.3.5.1.2.2 Issues
4.3.5.1.2.3 Arguments
4.3.5.1.2.4 Reasons
4.3.5.1.2.4.1 Standard of Review Analysis
4.3.5.1.2.4.2 Was the Decision of the Director Unreasonable?
4.3.5.1.2.4.3 Did the Director Deny Natural Justice?
4.3.5.1.2.5 Conclusion
4.3.5.2 Transportation Appeal Tribunal of Canada
4.3.5.2.1 Billings Family Enterprises Ltd. v. Canada (Transport), 2008 FC 17
4.3.5.2.1.1 Facts
4.3.5.2.1.2 Reasons
4.3.5.2.1.3 Conclusion
4.3.5.2.2 Canada (Attorney General) v. Friesen, 2017 FC 567
4.3.5.2.2.1 Facts
4.3.5.2.2.2 Issues
4.3.5.2.2.3 Reasons
4.3.5.2.2.3.1 Standard of Review — Federal Court to Appeal Panel’s Decision
4.3.5.2.2.3.2 Standard of Review — Appeal Panel to Review Member’s Determination
4.3.5.2.2.3.3 Expert Evidence
4.3.5.2.2.3.4 “Prudent Pilot” Standard of Care
4.3.5.2.2.4 Conclusion
4.3.5.2.3 Friesen V. Canada (Attorney General), 2018 FC 723 — Defence of Due Diligence
4.3.5.2.3.1 Appeal Panel’s Decision
4.3.5.2.3.2 Issues
4.3.5.2.3.3 Reasons
4.3.5.2.3.3.1 Standard of Review Analysis
4.3.5.2.3.3.2 Principle of Natural Justice or Procedural Fairness?
4.3.5.2.3.3.3 Solely Reviewing the Question of Due Diligence
4.3.5.2.3.3.4 Defence of Due Diligence
4.3.5.2.3.4 Conclusion
4.3.5.2.4 Cotirta v. Canada (Attorney General), 2021 FC 211
4.3.5.2.4.1 Facts
4.3.5.2.4.2 Legislation
4.3.5.2.4.3 Issues
4.3.5.2.4.4 Reasons
4.3.5.2.4.4.1 2021 Standard of Review Analysis
4.3.5.2.4.4.2 Failed to Consider Facts and Arguments
4.3.5.2.4.4.3 Principles of Natural Justice
4.3.5.2.4.4.4 Ignoring Evidence
4.3.5.2.4.4.5 Decision Not “Correct”
4.3.5.2.4.5 Conclusion
4.3.5.3 Remarks
4.4 Appeals
4.4.1 Is there a Right of Appeal?
4.4.2 What Is the Applicable Standard of Appellate Review?
4.4.3 Is the Appeal Financially Viable?
Part II: Penal Law
Chapter 5: General
5.1 Penal Law and Criminal Law
5.2 Brief Overview of Canadian Criminal Law
5.2.1 Crown and Defence
5.2.2 Criminal Proceedings
5.2.2.1 Pre-trial
5.2.2.1.1 Criminal Charges Laid
5.2.2.1.2 Bail Hearings
5.2.2.2 Trial
5.2.2.2.1 Initial Appearance
5.2.2.2.1.1 Proceeding by Way of Indictment
5.2.2.2.1.1.1 Exclusive Jurisdiction of the Superior Courts
5.2.2.2.1.1.2 Absolute Jurisdiction of the Provincial Courts
5.2.2.2.1.1.3 Offences Listed in s. 554
5.2.2.2.1.2 Proceeding Summarily
5.2.2.2.2 Trial Hearings
5.2.2.3 Sentencing
5.2.3 Criminal Justice Rights and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
5.2.3.1 Search and Seizure
5.2.3.2 Imprisonment
5.2.3.3 Right to Counsel
5.2.3.4 Cruel and Unusual Punishment
5.2.4 Criminal Records
5.2.4.1 General
5.2.4.2 Consequences
5.2.4.3 Suspension of Criminal Records
5.2.4.4 Discharge
5.2.5 Appeals
Chapter 6: Offences
6.1 Canada’s Offences Framework
6.1.1 Criminal Offences
6.1.1.1 Summary Conviction Offences
6.1.1.2 Indictable Offences
6.1.1.3 Hybrid Offences
6.1.2 Regulatory Offences
6.1.2.1 General
6.1.2.1.1 Mens Rea Offences
6.1.2.1.2 Strict Liability Offences
6.1.2.1.3 Absolute Liability Offences
6.1.2.2 Determination
6.2 Judicial Process, Summary and Indictable Offences Under the Aeronautics Act, R.S.C., 1985, c. A-2
6.2.1 General
6.2.2 Prohibitions, Offences and Punishment — ss. 7.3–7.5
6.2.2.1 Prohibitions
6.2.2.1.1 General Prohibitions — subs. 7.3(1)
6.2.2.1.1.1 Offences — subs. 7.3(2)
6.2.2.1.2 Prohibition — Unruly or Dangerous Behaviour — subs. 7.41(1)
6.2.2.1.2.1 Punishment — subs. 7.41(2)
6.2.2.1.2.2 Application — subs. 7.41(4)
6.2.2.1.2.3 Deeming in Flight — subs. 7.41(3)
6.2.2.2 Prohibition by Court Order — subs. 7.5(1)
6.2.2.3 Contravention, Regulations (the CARs), Notice, Order, Security Measure or Emergency Direction — subs. 7.3(3)
6.2.2.3.1 Offences — subs. 7.3(3)
6.2.2.3.2 Contravention of Providing Information [subs. 4.81(1)] — subs. 7.3(3.1)
6.2.2.4 Offences — subs. 7.3(3.1)
6.2.2.5 Punishment
6.2.2.5.1 Individuals — subs. 7.3(4)
6.2.2.5.2 Corporations — subs. 7.3(5)
6.2.2.5.2.1 ANS Corporation — subs. 7.3(5)
6.2.2.5.3 Subsequent Offences — subs. 7.3(6)
6.2.2.5.4 Imprisonment — subs. 7.3(7)
6.2.2.6 Recovery of Fines — subs. 7.3(8)
6.2.2.7 Recovery of Costs and Charges — subs. 7.3(9)
6.2.2.8 Continuing Offence — s. 7.31
6.2.2.9 Court Order — Forfeiture — subs. 7.4(1)
6.2.2.9.1 Application — subs. 7.4(2)
6.2.2.9.2 Date of Hearing — subs. 7.4(3)
6.2.2.9.3 Notice — subs. 7.4(4)
6.2.2.9.4 Order by Judge — subs. 7.4(5)
6.2.2.9.5 Appeal — subs. 7.4(6)
6.2.2.9.6 Application to Minister — subs. 7.4(7)
6.2.2.9.7 Disposal of Forfeited Aircraft — subs. 7.4(8)
6.2.3 Persons Liable — s. 8.4
6.2.3.1 Owner — subs. 8.4(1)
6.2.3.2 Operator
6.2.3.2.1 Aircraft — subs. 8.4(2)
6.2.3.2.2 Aerodrome — subs. 8.4(4)
6.2.3.3 Pilot-in-command — subs. 8.4(3)
6.2.4 Defence — s. 8.5
6.2.5 Enforcement by the Minister
6.2.5.1 Admissibility of Evidence — s. 8.6
6.2.5.2 Search Warrants — subss. 8.7(2)(4)(5)(6)
6.2.6 Prosecution
6.2.6.1 Limitation Period — s. 26
6.2.6.2 Proof of Documents — subs. 27(1)
6.2.6.3 Certificate — subs. 27(2)
6.2.6.4 Document Entries as Proof — s. 28
6.3 Aviation-Related Offences Under the Criminal Code, R.S.C. 1985, c. C-46
6.3.1 Offences Committed on Aircraft
6.3.1.1 General
6.3.1.2 After the Fact
6.3.2 Hijacking
6.3.3 Endangering Safety of Aircraft or Airport
6.3.4 Offensive Weapons and Explosive Substances
6.3.4.1 Definition of “Civil Aircraft”
6.3.4.2 Offences
6.3.5 Offences Relating to Conveyance
6.3.5.1 General
6.3.5.2 Penalties and Punishment
6.4 Caselaw Review — Criminalization of Pilots
6.4.1 R. v. Tayfel, [2007] MBQB 265 — Trial
6.4.1.1 Facts
6.4.1.2 Arguments
6.4.1.3 Law
6.4.1.3.1 Legislation
6.4.1.3.2 Legal Tests
6.4.1.4 Analysis
6.4.1.4.1 Factual Analysis
6.4.1.4.2 Criminal Negligence Legal Test
6.4.1.4.3 Dangerous Operation of an Aircraft
6.4.2 R. v. Tayfel, [2008] MBQB 101 — Sentence
6.4.3 R. v. Tayfel (M.), [2009] MBCA 124 — Appeal
6.4.4 Conclusion
Part III: Aircraft in Canada
Chapter 7: General
7.1 Definitions
7.2 Aircraft Categories and Classes
7.3 Type Ratings
7.4 Manoeuvres’ Categories
7.5 Wake Turbulence and Maximum Certificate Takeoff Mass
Chapter 8: Miscellaneous
8.1 Canadian Civil Aircraft Register
8.2 Aircraft Ownership
Part IV: Air Law
Chapter 9: General Provisions and Aircraft Registration and Operation
9.1 Definitions
9.1.1 Aeronautics Act, R.S.C., 1985, c. A-2 — Subs. 3(1)
9.1.2 Canadian Aviation Regulations, SOR/96–433 — CAR 101.01
9.2 Inspection of Aircraft and Documents — CAR 103.02
9.2.1 Notice and Persons Allowed to Request
9.2.2 Persons Obligated to Produce
9.2.3 Prohibitions
9.2.4 Other Documents
9.3 Return of Canadian Aviation Documents — CAR 103.03
9.4 Record Keeping and Digitalization of Information — CAR 103.04
9.5 Principal — CAR 103.12
9.6 Accountable Executive
9.6.1 Application — CAR 106.01
9.6.2 Appointment and Acceptance — CAR 106.02
9.6.3 Accountability and Responsibilities — CAR 106.03
9.6.4 More Than One Certificate — CAR 106.04
9.7 Safety Management System Requirements
9.7.1 Application — CAR 107.01
9.7.2 Establishing and Maintenance of the Safety Management System — CAR 107.02
9.7.3 Components of the Safety Management System — CAR 107.03
9.7.4 Size — CAR 107.04
9.8 Aircraft Marks
9.8.1 General Rule — CAR 202.01(1)
9.8.2 Exceptions — CAR 202.01(2)(3)(4)
9.9 Certificate of Registration Carried on Board — CAR 202.26
9.10 Transfer of Legal Custody and Control — CAR 202.35
9.10.1 Cancellation of Registration
9.10.2 Notification to Minister
9.11 Operation of a Leased Aircraft by a Non-registered Owner
9.11.1 Definitions — CAR 203.01
9.11.2 Application — CAR 203.02
9.11.3 Leasing Operations — General — CAR 203.03
9.11.3.1 Minister’s Authorization Requirement
9.11.3.1.1 General Rule
9.11.3.1.2 Exceptions
9.11.3.2 Minister’s Authorization Application and Issuance
9.11.3.2.1 Standard — Standards Respecting the Operation of a Leased Aircraft by a Non-registered Owner
9.11.3.3 Authorization Expiration
9.11.3.4 Authorization Carried on Board
9.11.3.5 Leasing Advisory
9.11.4 Leasing Operations — International — CAR 203.04
9.11.5 Registration of Leased Aircraft — CAR 203.05
Chapter 10: Personnel Licensing and Training
10.1 Definitions — CAR 400.01
10.2 Requirement to Hold a Flight Crew Permit, Licence or Permit — CAR 401.03
10.2.1 General
10.2.2 Foreign Licence Validation Certificate
10.3 Flight Crew Members of Aircraft Registered in Contracting States Other Than Canada — CAR 401.04
10.4 Recency Requirements — CAR 401.05
10.4.1 General
10.4.2 Commercial Operations
10.4.3 Instrument Rating
10.4.4 Second Officer Rating
10.4.5 Flight Instructor Rating
10.5 Personal Logs — CAR 401.08
10.5.1 General Rule
10.5.2 Loss and Lack of Personal Log
10.6 Crediting of Time — CAR 401.09
10.7 Permits, Licences and Ratings Privileges and Requirements
10.7.1 Permits
10.7.1.1 Student Pilot Permit — Aeroplane
10.7.1.1.1 Privileges — CAR 401.19
10.7.1.1.2 Requirements — Standard 421.19
10.7.1.2 Recreational Permit — Aeroplane
10.7.1.2.1 Privileges — CAR 401.22
10.7.1.2.2 Requirements — Standard 421.22
10.7.2 Licences
10.7.2.1 Private Pilot Licence — Aeroplane
10.7.2.1.1 Privileges — CAR 401.26
10.7.2.1.2 Requirements — Standard 421.26
10.7.2.2 Commercial Pilot Licence — Aeroplane
10.7.2.2.1 Privileges — CAR 401.30
10.7.2.2.2 Requirements — Standard 421.30
10.7.2.3 Multi-Crew Pilot Licence — CAR 401.32
10.7.2.4 Airline Transport Pilot Licence — Aeroplane
10.7.2.4.1 Airline Transport Licence — Training Program and Recording of Time — CAR 401.11
10.7.2.4.2 Privileges — CAR 401.34
10.7.2.4.3 Requirements — Standard 421.34
10.7.3 Ratings
10.7.3.1 Seaplane Rating and Landplane Rating — Aeroplane — Standard 421.38(1)(2)
10.7.3.2 Type Rating — Aeroplane — Standard 421.40
10.7.3.3 Night Rating — Aeroplane — CAR 401.42
10.7.3.3.1 Privileges — CAR 401.43
10.7.3.3.2 Requirements — Standard 421.42
10.7.3.4 VFR Over-the-Top — CAR 401.44
10.7.3.4.1 Privileges — CAR 401.45
10.7.3.4.2 Requirements — Standard 421.44
10.7.3.5 Instrument Rating — Aeroplane — CAR 401.46
10.7.3.5.1 Privileges — CAR 401.47
10.7.3.5.2 Requirements — Standard 421.46
10.7.3.6 Multi-Engine Class Rating — Aeroplane
10.7.3.6.1 Privileges
10.7.3.6.2 Requirements — Standard 421.38(3)
10.7.3.7 Second Officer Rating — CAR 401.52
10.7.3.7.1 Privileges — CAR 401.53
10.7.3.7.2 Requirements — Standard 421.52
10.7.3.8 Flight Instructor Rating — Aeroplane — CAR 401.61
10.7.3.8.1 Privileges
10.7.3.8.1.1 Class 4 — CAR 401.69
10.7.3.8.1.2 Class 3 — CAR 401.70
10.7.3.8.1.3 Class 2 — CAR 401.71
10.7.3.8.1.4 Class 1 — CAR 401.72
10.7.3.8.2 Requirements
10.7.3.8.2.1 Class 4 — Standard 421.69
10.7.3.8.2.2 Class 3 — Standard 421.70
10.7.3.8.2.3 Class 2 — Standard 421.71
10.7.3.8.2.4 Class 1 — Standard 421.72
10.7.3.8.3 Specific Rules Related to Flight Instructors
10.7.3.8.3.1 Supervising Instructors
10.7.3.8.3.2 Record Keeping
10.7.3.8.3.3 Period of Validity
10.7.3.8.3.4 Rating Renewal Processes
10.7.3.8.3.5 Flight Test Records
10.7.3.8.3.6 Follow-Ups Actions
10.7.3.9 Aerobatic — Aeroplane
10.7.3.10 Flight Instructor Rating — Aerobatic — Aeroplane — CAR 401.91
10.7.3.10.1 Privileges
10.7.3.10.1.1 Class 2 — CAR 401.92
10.7.3.10.1.2 Class 1 — CAR 401.93
10.7.3.10.2 Requirements
10.7.3.10.2.1 Class 2 — Standard 421.91
10.7.3.10.2.2 Class 1 — Standard 421.92
10.8 Conversions and the Implementation Procedures for Licencing Agreement
10.8.1 Certificates and Licences
10.8.1.1 Private Pilot
10.8.1.1.1 FAAPA Examination
10.8.1.2 Commercial Pilot
10.8.1.2.1 FAACA Examination
10.8.1.3 Airline Transport Pilot
10.8.1.3.1 FAAAA Examination
10.8.2 Ratings
10.8.2.1 Instrument Rating
10.8.2.1.1 FAAIA Examination
10.8.2.2 Type Rating
10.8.2.3 Night Rating
10.8.2.4 Class Rating
10.8.3 Application Process
10.8.4 Supporting Documentation
10.8.5 Refusal to Issue
10.9 Medical Certificates
10.9.1 Requirement to Hold a Medical Certificate — CAR 404.03
10.9.2 Civil Aviation Medical Examiners — CAR 404.01
10.9.3 Categories — CAR 404.10
10.9.4 Electrocardiograms Testing — Standard 424
10.9.4.1 Medical Category 1
10.9.4.2 Medical Category 2
10.9.4.3 Medical Category 3
10.9.4.4 Medical Category 4
10.9.5 Renewal — CAR 404.18
10.9.6 Validity Periods — CAR 404.04(6)
10.9.6.1 Beginning of the Validity Period
10.9.6.2 Ending of the Validity Period
10.9.7 Prohibition Regarding Exercise of Privileges — CAR 404.06
10.9.7.1 Circumstances
10.9.7.2 Examination Requirement
10.9.7.3 Circumstances with Minister’s Authorization
10.9.8 Assessment and Re-Assessment by the Minister
10.10 Flight Training Units
10.10.1 Application — CAR 406.02
10.10.2 Requirement to Hold a Flight Training Unit Operating Certificate — CAR 406.03
10.10.2.1 General Rule
10.10.2.2 Exceptions
Chapter 11: Aerodromes and Airports
11.1 Definitions — CAR 301.01
11.2 Aerodromes
11.2.1 Parts of the Aerodromes
11.2.1.1 Manoeuvering Areas
11.2.1.2 Aprons
11.2.1.3 Movement Areas
11.2.2 Markers and Markings — CAR 301.04
11.2.2.1 Permanently Closed Aerodrome
11.2.2.2 Unserviceable Movement Area
11.2.2.3 Closed Runway
11.2.2.4 Closed Taxiway
11.2.2.5 Closed Helicopter Take-Off and Landing Area
11.2.2.6 Closed Manoeuvring Area
11.2.3 Lightning — CAR 301.07
11.2.3.1 White Lights and Runways
11.2.3.2 Blue Lights and Taxiways
11.2.3.3 Closed Manoeuvring Area or Heliport
11.2.3.4 Unserviceable Portion of the Movement Area
11.2.3.5 Aircraft Parking Area Used at Night
11.2.3.6 Heliport Used at Night
11.2.3.7 Airfield Lightning Control System (ARCAL)
11.2.3.8 Flare Pots
11.2.4 Prohibitions — CAR 301.08
11.2.5 Fire Prevention — CAR 301.09
11.2.5.1 General Rule
11.2.5.2 Exceptions
11.3 Airports
11.3.1 Application — CAR 301.01
11.3.2 Prohibitions — CAR 302.10
11.3.3 Fire Prevention — CAR 302.11
11.3.3.1 General Rule
11.3.3.2 Exceptions
11.4 Runways
11.5 Holding Short
11.6 Wind Direction Indicator
11.7 Standard Circuit
11.8 Overflying an Aerodrome
11.9 Canada Flight Supplement
11.10 Fire Prevention
11.11 Running Surface Condition
11.12 Canadian Runway Friction Index
Chapter 12: Canadian Airspace
12.1 Airspace Structure — CAR 601.01
12.2 Airspace Classification — CAR 601.02
12.2.1 Class A Airspace — CAR 602.06
12.2.2 Class B Airspace — CAR 602.07
12.2.3 Class C Airspace — CAR 601.08
12.2.4 Class D Airspace — CAR 601.09
12.2.5 Class E Airspace
12.2.6 Class F Airspace
12.2.6.1 Advisory Area
12.2.6.2 Restriction Area
12.2.6.3 Joint-Use Airspace
12.2.7 Class G Airspace
12.3 Transponder Airspaces — CAR 601.03
12.4 IFR or VFR Flight in Class F Special Use — CAR 601.04
12.5 IFR Flight in Class A, B, C, D or E Airspace or Class F Special Use Restricted or Class F Special Use Advisory Controlled Airspace — CAR 601.05
12.6 Controlled Airspaces
12.7 Control Zones
12.8 IFR Procedure at Uncontrolled Airport
12.8.1 IFR Reporting Procedures
12.9 Air-Ground Contact Uncontrolled
12.10 Projection of Directed Bright Light Source at an Aircraft — CAR 601.20
12.10.1 Requirement for Pilot-in-Command
12.11 Forest Fire Aircraft Operating Restriction — CAR 601.15
12.11.1 General Rule
12.11.2 Exceptions
Chapter 13: Flight Operations in Canada
13.1 Reckless Aircraft Operation — CAR 602.01.1
13.2 Flight Crew Members and Fitness — CAR 602.02
13.3 Alcohol and Drugs — Crew Members — CAR 602.03
13.3.1 Alcohol Consumption
13.3.2 Drugs Use
13.3.3 Canadian Cannabis Policy
13.4 Alcohol and Drugs — Passengers — CAR 602.04
13.5 Compliance with Instructions — CAR 602.05
13.5.1 Crew Member
13.5.2 Pilot-in-Command
13.5.2.1 General
13.5.2.2 Peace Officer
13.5.3 Flight Crew Member
13.5.4 Flight Attendant
13.5.5 Passenger
13.5.6 CAR 602.05(2)
13.5.7 Crew Resource Management
13.5.8 Use of Force on Board an Aircraft
13.6 Smoking — CAR 602.06
13.7 Aircraft Operating Limitations — CAR 602.07
13.8 Portable Electronic Devices — CAR 602.08
13.9 Fuelling with Engines Running — CAR 602.09
13.9.1 General Rule
13.9.2 Exceptions
13.10 Starting Engines on the Ground — CAR 602.10
13.11 Aircraft Icing — CAR 602.11
13.12 Overflight of Built-Up Areas, Take-Offs, Approaches and Landing with Built-Up Areas of Cities and Towns — CAR 602.12
13.13 Minimum Altitudes and Distances — CAR 602.14
13.14 Right of Way — CAR 602.19
13.15 Right of Way — Aircraft Manoeuvring on Water — CAR 602.20
13.16 Avoidance of Collision — CAR 602.21
13.17 Towing — CAR 602.22
13.18 Dropping of Objects — CAR 602.23
13.19 Formation Flight — CAR 602.24
13.20 Entering or Leaving an Aircraft in Flight — CAR 602.25
13.21 Parachute Descents — CAR 602.26
13.22 Aerobatic Manoeuvres — Prohibited Areas and Flight Conditions — CAR 602.27
13.23 Aerobatic Manoeuvres with Passengers — CAR 602.28
13.24 Fuel Dumping — CAR 602.30
13.25 Compliance with Air Traffic Control Instructions and Clearances — CAR 602.31
13.26 Airspeed Limitations — CAR 602.32
13.27 Supersonic Flight — CAR 602.33
13.28 Cruising Altitudes and Cruising Flight Levels — CAR 602.34
13.29 Altimeter-Setting and Operating Procedures
13.29.1 Altimeter-Setting Region — CAR 602.35
13.29.2 Standard Pressure Region — CAR 602.36
13.29.3 Transition Between Regions — CAR 602.37
13.30 Flight Over the High Seas — CAR 602.38
13.31 Transoceanic Flight — CAR 602.39
13.32 Landing at or Take-off from an Aerodrome at Night — CAR 602.40
13.33 Refusal to Transport — CAR 602.46
13.34 Operations at or in the Vicinity of an Aerodrome
13.34.1 General Rules — CAR 602.96
13.34.2 VFR and IFR Aircraft Operations at Uncontrolled Aerodromes Within an MF Area — CAR 602.97
13.34.2.1 Introduction
13.34.2.2 Aircraft Equipment
13.34.3 General MF Reporting Requirements — CAR 602.98
13.34.4 MF Reporting Procedures Before Entering Manoeuvering Area — CAR 602.99
13.34.5 MF Reporting Procedures on VFR or IFR Flight Departure — CAR 602.100
13.34.6 MF Reporting Procedures on VFR Flight Arrival — CAR 602.101
13.34.7 MF Reporting Procedures When Flying Continuous Circuits — CAR 602.102
13.34.8 Reporting Procedures When Flying Through an MF Area — CAR 602.103
13.34.9 Reporting Procedures for IFR Aircraft When Approaching or Landing at an Uncontrolled Aerodrome — CAR 602.104
13.34.10 Noise Operating Criteria — CAR 602.105
13.34.11 Noise-Restricted Runways — CAR 602.106
13.35 Aviation Occurrences
13.35.1 Interpretation
13.35.1.1 Aviation Occurrence
13.35.1.2 Aviation Accidents
13.35.1.3 Incidents and Mandatory Reportable Incidents
13.35.2 Obligation to Report
13.35.3 Report Content
13.35.4 Prohibition
13.35.5 Civil Aviation Daily Occurrence Reporting System (CADORS)
13.35.5.1 Purpose
13.35.5.2 Content
Chapter 14: Visual Flight Rules
14.1 Minimum VMC for VFR Flight in Controlled Airspace — CAR 602.114
14.2 Minimum VMC for VFR Flight in Uncontrolled Airspace — CAR 602.115
14.3 VFR Over-the-Top — CAR 602.116
14.4 Special VFR Flight — CAR 602.117
Chapter 15: Instrument Flight Rules
15.1 General Requirements — CAR 602.121
15.2 Alternate Aerodrome Requirements — CAR 602.122
15.3 Alternate Aerodrome Weather — CAR 602.123
15.4 Minimum Altitudes to Ensure Obstacle Clearance — CAR 602.124
15.5 Enroute IFR Position Reports — CAR 602.125
15.6 Take-off Minima — CAR 602.126
15.7 Instrument Approaches — CAR 602.127
15.8 Landing Minima — CAR 602.128
15.8.1 General Rule
15.8.2 If Visual Reference Established
15.8.3 If No Visual Reference
15.8.4 Prohibition to CAT II or CAT III
15.9 Approach Ban — General — CAR 602.129
15.10 Approach Ban — Cat III — CAR 602.130
15.11 Runway Visibility — CAR 602.131
Chapter 16: Radiocommunications
16.1 Continuous Listening Watch — CAR 602.136
16.2 Two-way Radiocommunication Failure in IFR Flight — CAR 602.137
16.3 Two-way Radiocommunication Failure in VFR Flight — CAR 602.138
16.4 Visual Signals
16.4.1 Aircraft on the Ground
16.4.2 Aircraft in Flight
16.5 Emergency Radio Frequency Capability — CAR 602.143
16.6 Interception Signals, Interception of Aircraft and Instructions to Land — CAR 602.144
16.7 Air Defence Identification Zone (ADIZ) — CAR 602.145
16.8 ESCAT Plan — CAR 602.146
Chapter 17: Airworthiness — Cargo Compartment Classification
Chapter 18: Operational and Emergency Equipment Requirements
18.1 Prohibition — CAR 602.58
18.2 Equipment Standards — CAR 602.59
18.3 Requirements for Power-Driven Aircraft — CAR 602.60
18.4 Survival Equipment — Flight Over Land — CAR 602.61
18.4.1 General Rule
18.4.2 Exceptions
18.5 Survival Equipment — Flight Over Water
18.5.1 Life Preservers and Flotation Devices — CAR 602.62
18.5.1.1 Definitions
18.5.1.2 Rules
18.5.2 Life Raft and Survival Equipment — CAR 602.63
18.5.2.1 Rules
18.5.2.2 Life Raft Requirements
18.5.2.3 Summary
Chapter 19: Flight Preparation, Flight Plans and Flight Itineraries
19.1 Interpretation — CAR 602.70
19.2 Pre-flight Information — CAR 602.71
19.3 Planning Tools
19.3.1 Canadian Flight Supplement
19.3.2 Water Aerodrome Supplement
19.3.3 Aeronautical Charts
19.3.3.1 VFR Charts
19.3.3.1.1 VFR Navigation Charts
19.3.3.1.2 VTR Terminal Area Charts
19.3.3.2 IFR Charts
19.3.3.2.1 En Route Low Altitude Charts — LO Charts
19.3.3.2.2 En Route High Altitude Charts — HI Charts
19.3.3.2.3 Terminal Area Charts
19.3.4 Canada Air Pilot
19.3.4.1 Definition
19.3.4.2 CAP GEN
19.3.4.3 Restricted Canada Air Pilot
19.4 Weather Information — CAR 602.72
19.5 Requirement to File a Flight Plan or a Flight Itinerary — CAR 602.73
19.5.1 Flights Between Canada and a Foreign State
19.5.2 VFR Flights
19.5.3 IFR Flights
19.6 Contents of a Flight Plan or Flight Itinerary — CAR 602.74
19.6.1 Aircraft
19.6.2 Flight Rule
19.6.3 Type of Flight
19.6.4 Number and Type of Aircraft
19.6.5 Wake Turbulence Category
19.6.6 Equipment Codes
19.6.7 Departure Aerodrome
19.6.8 Time
19.6.9 Airspeed
19.6.10 Cruising Level
19.6.11 Route
19.6.12 Destination Aerodrome
19.6.13 Total Estimated Elapsed Time (EET)
19.6.14 SAR Time
19.6.15 Alternate Aerodrome(s)
19.6.16 Other Information
19.6.17 Endurance Time
19.6.18 Persons on Board
19.6.19 Emergency Radio
19.6.20 Survival Equipment
19.6.21 Life Jacket
19.6.22 Dinghies
19.6.23 Aircraft and Markings
19.6.24 Remarks
19.6.25 Wheels, Skis and Floats
19.6.26 Arrival Report
19.6.27 Aircraft Owner
19.6.28 Arrival Report Requirements
19.6.29 Pilot Name and Licence
19.7 Filing of a Flight Plan or Flight Itinerary — CAR 602.75
19.8 Changes in the Flight Plan — CAR 602.76
19.8.1 VFR Flights
19.8.2 IFR Flights
19.9 Requirement to File an Arrival Report — CAR 602.77
19.9.1 Flight Plan
19.9.2 Flight Itinerary
19.10 Contents of an Arrival Report — CAR 602.78
19.11 Overdue Aircraft Report — CAR 602.79
Chapter 20: Pre-flight and Fuel Requirements
20.1 Carry-on Baggage, Equipment and Cargo — CAR 602.86
20.2 Crew Member Instructions — CAR 602.87
20.3 Fuel Requirements — CAR 602.88
20.3.1 General
20.3.2 VFR Flight
20.3.3 IFR Flight
20.3.4 Factors to Add in Fuel Calculations
20.4 Passenger Briefings — CAR 602.89
20.4.1 Before Take-Off
20.4.2 Over-Water Flight and Pressurized Aircraft
Chapter 21: Special Flight Operations
21.1 Certification Requirements for Special Aviation Events — CAR 603.01
21.2 Certification Requirements for Parachute Operations — CAR 603.37
21.3 Miscellaneous Special Flight Operations —  Application — CAR 603.65
21.4 Miscellaneous Special Flight Operations —  Certification Requirements — CAR 603.66
Chapter 22: Aircraft Equipment and Maintenance Requirements
22.1 Aircraft Requirements
22.1.1 Flight Authority — CAR 605.03
22.1.1.1 General Rule
22.1.1.2 Exceptions
22.1.2 Availability of Aircraft Flight Manual — CAR 605.04
22.1.2.1 General
22.1.2.2 Amendments and Supplementary Material
22.1.3 Markings and Placards — CAR 605.05
22.1.4 Aircraft Equipment Standards and Serviceability — CAR 605.06
22.1.5 Minimum Equipment Lists — CAR 605.07
22.1.6 Unserviceable and Removed Equipment — General — CAR 605.08
22.1.7 Unserviceable and Removed Equipment — Aircraft with a Minimum Equipment List — CAR 605.09
22.1.8 Unserviceable and Removed Equipment — Aircraft Without a Minimum Equipment List — CAR 605.10
22.2 Aircraft Equipment Requirements
22.2.1 Power-Driven Aircraft — Day VFR — CAR 605.14
22.2.2 Power-Driven Aircraft — VFR OTT — CAR 605.15
22.2.3 Power-Driven Aircraft — Night VFR — CAR 605.16
22.2.4 Use of Position and Anti-collision Lights — CAR 605.17
22.2.4.1 General Rule
22.2.4.2 Exception
22.2.4.3 Rules of Right of Way and Position of the Lights
22.2.5 Power-Driven Aircraft — IFR — CAR 605.18
22.2.5.1 IFR Day
22.2.5.2 IFR Night
22.2.6 Seat and Safety-Belt Requirements — CAR 605.22
22.2.7 Restraint System Requirements — CAR 605.23
22.2.8 Shoulder Harness Requirements — CAR 605.24
22.2.8.1 General Rule
22.2.8.2 Transport Category Aeroplanes’ Rules
22.2.8.3 Small Aeroplanes’ Rule
22.2.8.4 Helicopters’ Rule
22.2.8.5 Other Specific Cases
22.2.9 General Use of Safety Belts and Restraints System — CAR 605.25
22.2.10 Use of Passenger Safety Belts and Restraint Systems — CAR 605.26
22.2.11 Use of Crew Member Safety Belts — CAR 605.27
22.2.11.1 General Requirement
22.2.11.2 When the Safety Belt Sign Turned On
22.2.11.3 In the Cockpit
22.2.12 Child Restraint System — CAR 605.28
22.2.13 Flight Control Locks — CAR 605.29
22.2.14 De-icing or Anti-icing Equipment — CAR 605.30
22.2.15 Oxygen Equipment and Supply — CAR 605.31
22.2.16 Use of Oxygen — CAR 605.32
22.2.16.1 Each Crew Member
22.2.16.2 Each Person on Board
22.2.16.3 Pilot at the Flight Controls
22.2.17 Flight Data Recorder — CAR 605.33
22.2.17.1 Application
22.2.17.2 Requirements
22.2.18 Underwater Locating Device for Flight Data Recorder — CAR 605.33.1
22.2.19 Cockpit Voice Recorder — CAR 605.34
22.2.19.1 Application
22.2.19.2 Requirements
22.2.19.3 Exceptions
22.2.19.4 Prohibition
22.2.20 Underwater Locating Device for Cockpit Voice Recorder — CAR 605.34.1
22.2.20.1 General Rule
22.2.20.2 Exception
22.2.21 Transponder and Automatic Pressure-Altitude Reporting Equipment — CAR 605.35
22.2.21.1 General Rule
22.2.21.2 Exceptions
22.2.21.3 Transponder Codes
22.2.22 Altitude Alerting System or Device — CAR 605.36
22.2.22.1 General Rule
22.2.22.2 Exceptions
22.2.23 Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) — CAR 605.37
22.2.23.1 Application
22.2.23.2 General Rule
22.2.23.3 Exceptions
22.2.24 Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT) — CAR 605.38
22.2.25 Use of ELTs — CAR 605.39
22.2.25.1 One or More ELTs
22.2.25.2 One ELT
22.2.25.3 Two ELTs
22.2.26 ELT Activation — CAR 605.40
22.2.26.1 General Rule
22.2.26.2 Exception: Testing the ELT
22.2.26.3 Inadvertent Activation
22.2.27 Third Attitude Indicator — CAR 605.41
22.2.28 Terrain Avoidance Warning System (“TAWS”) — CAR 605.42
22.2.28.1 General Rule
22.2.28.2 Exceptions
22.3 Aircraft Maintenance Requirements
22.3.1 Aircraft Maintenance — General — CAR 605.84
22.3.1.1 General Rule
22.3.1.2 Conflict of Airworthiness Directive
22.3.1.3 Exemptions
22.3.1.4 Alternative
22.3.2 Maintenance Release and Elementary Work — CAR 605.85
22.3.2.1 General Rules
22.3.2.2 Flight Test
22.3.3 Maintenance Schedule — CAR 605.86
22.3.3.1 General Rules
22.3.3.2 Minister’s Approval and Authorization
22.3.4 Transfer of Aeronautical Products Between Maintenance Schedules — CAR 605.87
22.3.5 Inspection After Abnormal Occurrences — CAR 605.88
22.4 Technical Records
22.4.1 Requirement to Keep Technical Records — CAR 605.92
22.4.2 Technical Records — General — CAR 605.93
22.4.2.1 Data Entry
22.4.2.2 Electronic Data
22.4.2.3 Protection of the Technical Records
22.4.2.4 New Volume
22.4.2.5 Alterations to Technical Records
22.4.3 Journey Log Requirements — CAR 605.94
22.4.3.1 General Rules
22.4.3.2 Series of Flights
22.4.3.3 Entry
22.4.3.4 Specifics to the Commercial Air Service or International Flight Operations
22.4.4 Journey Log — Carrying on Board — CAR 605.95
22.4.4.1 General Rule
22.4.4.2 Exceptions
22.4.5 Transfer of Records — CAR 605.97
22.5 Miscellaneous
22.5.1 Munitions of War — CAR 606.01
22.5.2 Liability Insurance — CAR 606.02 and s. 7 of the Air Transportation Regulations, SOR/88-58
22.5.2.1 CAR 606.02
22.5.2.1.1 Interpretation
22.5.2.1.2 Application
22.5.2.1.3 Liability Coverage — $300,000-per-Passenger Rule
22.5.2.1.4 Liability Coverage — $300,000-per-Passenger Rule Exemptions
22.5.2.1.5 Liability Coverage — Public Liability Rule
22.5.2.1.6 Liability Coverage — Exclusion and Waiver
22.5.2.1.7 Single Policy or Combined Policies
22.5.2.1.8 Proof of Liability Insurance
22.5.2.2 s. 7 of the Air Transportation Regulations, SOR/88–58
22.5.2.2.1 Application
22.5.2.2.2 Injuries Coverage — $595,000-per-Passenger-Seat Rule
22.5.2.2.3 Third Party Liability
22.5.2.2.4 Liability Coverage — Exclusion and Waiver
22.5.2.2.5 Single Policy or Combined Policies
22.5.3 Synthetic Flight Training Equipment — CAR 606.03
22.5.3.1 Requirements
22.5.3.2 Minister’s Approval
22.5.3.3 Certificate
22.5.3.4 Certificate’s Requirements
22.5.3.5 Certificate Validity Period
Chapter 23: Private Operator Passenger Transportation
23.1 General Provisions
23.1.1 Interpretation — CAR 604.01
23.1.2 Application — CAR 604.02
23.1.3 Prohibition — CAR 604.03
23.2 Flight Operations
23.2.1 Operational Control System — CAR 604.25
23.2.2 Designation of Pilot-in-command and Second-in-command — CAR 604.26
23.2.3 Instrument Approaches — Landing — CAR 604.28
23.3 Documents
23.3.1 Checklist — CAR 604.36
23.3.2 Aircraft Operating Manual — CAR 604.37
23.3.3 Operational Flight Data Sheet — CAR 604.38
23.4 Passengers
23.4.1 Cabin Safety — CAR 604.82
23.4.1.1 Take-Off
23.4.1.2 Landing
23.4.1.3 Emergency
23.4.1.4 “Fasten Safety Belt” Sign Turned On
23.4.1.5 The Reclining Exception of the Physician
23.4.2 Fueling with Passengers on Board — CAR 604.83
23.4.3 Fueling with Passengers on Board and Engine Running — CAR 604.84
23.4.4 Briefing of Passengers — CAR 604.85
23.4.4.1 Take-Off Safety Briefing
23.4.4.2 Take-Off Safety Briefing — Exceptions
23.4.4.3 Take-Off Safety Briefing for Passengers with Needs
23.4.4.4 Disembarkment Safety Briefing
23.4.5 Safety Features Card — CAR 604.86
23.5 Flight Time and Flight Duty Time
23.5.1 Flight Time Limits — CAR 604.98
23.5.1.1 Flight Time Extension
23.5.2 Flight Duty Time and Rest Periods — CAR 604.99
23.5.3 Split Flight Duty Time — CAR 604.100
23.5.4 Unforeseen Operational Circumstances — CAR 604.102
23.5.5 Delayed Reporting Time — CAR 604.103
23.5.6 Time with No Assigned Duties — CAR 604.104
23.5.7 Rest Period — Flight Crew Member Positioning — CAR 604.105
23.5.8 Controlled Rest on the Flight Deck — CAR 604.106
23.6 Maintenance, Elementary Work and Servicing — CAR 604.128
23.7 Personnel Requirements
23.7.1 Validity Periods — CAR 604.139
23.7.2 Flight Crew Member Qualifications and Training — CAR 604.143
23.8 Private Operator’s Operations Manual — Distribution — CAR 604.198
23.9 Safety Management System — Duties of Personnel — CAR 604.205
Chapter 24: Commercial Air Services
24.1 General Provisions
24.1.1 Definitions — CAR 700.01
24.1.2 Requirements for Air Operator Certificate — CAR 700.02
24.1.2.1 General Rule
24.1.2.2 Exceptions
24.1.2.2.1 Dispersal of Products
24.1.2.2.2 Flight Training Unit
24.1.2.2.3 Air Transport Service
24.1.3 Authorization to Operate Specialty Air Service Under CUSMA — CAR 700.03
24.1.3.1 Minister’s Authorization
24.1.3.2 Conditions
24.1.3.3 Air Operator Certificate
24.1.4 Aircraft Requirements — CAR 700.05
24.1.5 Extended Charter — CAR 700.06
24.1.6 Management Agreement — CAR 700.07
24.1.7 Operations Between Points Abroad — CAR 700.08
24.1.8 Duties of Certificate Holder — CAR 700.09
24.1.8.1 Operations Manager
24.1.8.2 Maintenance Manager
24.1.8.3 Person Managing the Safety Management System — Airline Operations
24.1.9 Approach Bans — Non-Precision, Approach Procedure with Vertical Guidance and CAT I Precision — CAR 700.10
24.1.9.1 Aeroplanes
24.1.9.2 Helicopters
24.1.9.3 Visibility Is Less That the Above Minimums
24.1.9.4 Airport with Low-Visibility Procedures
24.1.10 Approach Bans — CAT II and CAT III Precision — CAR 700.11
24.2 Flight Crew Member Fatigue Management
24.2.1 Monitoring System and Records — CAR 700.20
24.2.1.1 Obligations
24.2.1.1.1 General
24.2.1.1.2 Unforeseen Operational Circumstances
24.2.1.1.3 Time
24.2.1.2 Record Content
24.2.2 Air Operator Obligations — Scheduling — CAR 700.21
24.2.3 Fitness for Duty — CAR 700.26
24.2.3.1 Air Operator’s Obligation
24.2.3.2 Flight Crew Member’s Obligations
24.2.4 Maximum Flight Time — CAR 700.27
24.2.5 Maximum Flight Duty Period — CAR 700.28
24.2.5.1 General
24.2.5.2 Interpretation
24.2.5.3 Average Flight Duration of Less Than 30 Minutes
24.2.5.4 Average Flight Duration of 30 Minutes or More But Less Than 50 Minutes
24.2.5.5 Average Flight Duration of 50 Minutes or More
24.2.5.6 Flights Conducted Under Day VFR
24.2.6 Maximum Number of Hours of Work — CAR 700.29
24.2.7 Home Base — CAR 700.36
24.2.8 Nutrition Break — CAR 700.37
24.2.9 Rest Periods — General Rules — CAR 700.40
24.2.10 Disruptive Schedules — CAR 700.41
24.2.11 Rest Periods — Time Zone Differences — CAR 700.42
24.2.12 Rest Period — Positioning — CAR 700.43
24.2.13 Split Flight Duty — CAR 700.50
24.2.14 Consecutive Flight Duty Periods — CAR 700.51
24.2.15 Delayed Reporting Time — CAR 700.52
24.2.16 Maximum Flight Duty Period — Augmented Flight Crew and Rest Facility — CAR 700.60
24.2.17 Long-Range Flights — CAR 700.61
24.2.18 Ultra Long-Range Flights — CAR 700.62
24.2.19 Unforeseen Operational Circumstances
24.2.19.1 Flight Duty Period and Rest Period — CAR 700.63
24.2.19.2 Split Flight Duty — CAR 700.64
24.2.20 Flight Crew Member on Reserve — CAR 700.70
24.2.21 Flight Crew Member on Standby — CAR 700.71
24.2.22 Controlled Rest on Flight Deck — CAR 700.72
24.3 Aerial Work
24.3.1 Application — CAR 702.01
24.3.2 Flight Operations
24.3.2.1 Operating Instructions — CAR 702.11
24.3.2.2 Flight Authorization — CAR 702.13
24.3.2.3 Operational Flight Plan — CAR 702.14
24.3.2.3.1 Standard — Operational Flight Plan
24.3.2.4 Carriage of Persons — CAR 702.16
24.3.2.4.1 Standard — Carriage of Persons
24.3.2.5 VFR Flight Minimum Flight Visibility — Uncontrolled Airspace — Flying at Less Than 1000 Feet AGL — CAR 702.17
24.3.2.5.1 Standard — VFR Flight Minimum Flight Visibility (Uncontrolled Airspace)
24.3.2.6 Night VFR OTT and IFR Operations — CAR 702.18
24.3.2.6.1 Standard — Night VFR OTT and IFR Operations
24.3.2.7 Aircraft Operating Over Water — CAR 702.20
24.3.2.7.1 Standard — Aircraft Operating Over Water
24.3.2.8 Briefing of Persons Other Than Flight Crew Members — CAR 702.23
24.3.2.8.1 Standard — Briefing of Persons Other Than Flight Crew Members
24.3.2.9 Operation of Aircraft in Icing Conditions — CAR 702.24
24.3.3 Aircraft Equipment Requirements
24.3.3.1 Night VFR OTT and IFR Operations — CAR 702.42
24.3.3.2 Shoulder Harness — CAR 702.44
24.3.3.3 External Load Equipment — CAR 702.45
24.3.4 Personnel Requirements
24.3.4.1 Designation of Pilot-in-Command and Second-in-Command — CAR 702.64
24.3.4.2 Flight Crew Member Qualifications — CAR 702.65
24.3.4.2.1 Standard — Flight Crew Member Qualifications
24.3.4.3 Validity Period — CAR 702.67
24.3.4.3.1 Standard — Validity Period
24.3.5 Training — CAR 702.76
24.3.5.1 Standard — Training
24.3.6 Manuals
24.3.6.1 Distribution of Company Operations — CAR 702.83
24.3.6.2 Standard Operating Procedures — CAR 702.84
24.3.6.2.1 Standard — Standard Operating Procedures
24.4 Air Taxi Operations
24.4.1 Application — CAR 703.01
24.4.2 Flight Operations
24.4.2.1 Operating Instructions — CAR 703.14
24.4.2.2 Flight Authorization — CAR 703.17
24.4.2.3 Operational Flight Plan — CAR 703.18
24.4.2.3.1 Standard — Operational Flight Plan
24.4.2.4 Transport of Passengers in Single-Engined Aircraft — CAR 703.22
24.4.2.4.1 Standard — Transport of Passengers in Single-Engined Aircraft
24.4.2.5 Aircraft Operating Over Water — CAR 703.23
24.4.2.5.1 Standard — Aircraft Operating Over Water
24.4.2.6 Number of Passengers in Single-Engined Aicraft — CAR 703.24
24.4.2.6.1 Standard — Number of Passengers in Single-Engined Aeroplanes
24.4.2.7 Carriage of External Loads — CAR 703.25
24.4.2.8 Simulation of Emergency Situations — CAR 703.26
24.4.2.9 VFR Flight Obstacle Clearance Requirements — CAR 703.27
24.4.2.10 VFR Flight Minimum Flight Visibility — Uncontrolled Airspace — Flying at Less Than 1000 AGL — CAR 703.28
24.4.2.10.1 Standard — VFR Flight Minimum Flight Visibility — Uncontrolled Airspace — Flying at Less Than 1000 AGL
24.4.2.11 VFR Flight Weather Conditions — CAR 703.29
24.4.2.12 VFR OTT Flight — CAR 703.33
24.4.2.12.1 Standard — VFR OTT Flight
24.4.2.13 Routes in Uncontrolled Airspace — CAR 703.34
24.4.2.13.1 Standard — Routes in Uncontrolled Airspace
24.4.2.14 Weight and Balance Control — CAR 703.37
24.4.2.14.1 Standard — Weight and Balance Control
24.4.2.15 Briefing of Passengers — CAR 703.39
24.4.2.15.1 Standard Briefing Passengers
24.4.2.15.2 Briefing for Passengers wih Special Needs
24.4.2.15.3 Safety Features Cards
24.4.2.15.4 Emergency Briefing
24.4.2.15.5 Passengers Next to Emergency Exit
24.4.2.16 Operation of Aircraft in Icing Conditions — CAR 703.42
24.4.3 Aircraft Equipment Requirements
24.4.3.1 Night and IMC Flight — CAR 703.64
24.4.3.2 Airborne Thunderstorm Detection and Weather Radar Equipment — CAR 703.65
24.4.3.3 Protective Breathing Equipment — CAR 703.67
24.4.3.4 Shoulder Harness — CAR 703.69
24.4.4 Personnel Requirements
24.4.4.1 Designation of Pilot-in-Command and Second-in-Command — CAR 703.87
24.4.4.2 Flight Crew Member Qualifications — CAR 703.88
24.4.4.2.1 General Rules
24.4.4.2.1.1 Standard — Pilot Proficiency Check (PPC) and Pilot Competency Check (PCC)
24.4.4.2.2 Air Operator Requirements
24.4.4.2.3 Specific Pilot-in-Command Requirements for Night VFR Flight
24.4.5 Validity Period — CAR 703.91
24.4.5.1 General Rule
24.4.5.2 Extension
24.4.5.3 Requalification After 24-Month Period
24.4.6 Training — CAR 703.98
24.4.6.1 Air Operator’s Obligations
24.4.6.1.1 Standard — Training Syllabus
24.4.6.2 Ground and Flight Training Program Components
24.4.7 Manual
24.4.7.1 Distribution of Company Operations Manual — CAR 703.106
24.4.7.1.1 General Rule
24.4.7.1.2 In the Aircraft
24.4.7.1.3 Accessibility
24.4.7.2 Standard Operating Procedures — CAR 703.107
24.4.7.2.1 Standard — Standard Operating Procedures
24.5 Commuter Operations
24.5.1 Application — CAR 704.01
24.5.2 Flight Operations
24.5.2.1 Operating Instructions — CAR 704.12
24.5.2.2 Operational Control System — CAR 704.15
24.5.2.2.1 Standard — Operational Control System (Type A, B, C and D Systems)
24.5.2.3 Flight Authorization — CAR 704.16
24.5.2.4 Operational Flight Plan — CAR 704.17
24.5.2.4.1 Standard — Operational Flight Plan
24.5.2.5 Checklist — CAR 704.19
24.5.2.6 Fuel Requirements — CAR 704.20
24.5.2.7 Admission to Flight Deck — CAR 704.21
24.5.2.8 Simulations of Emergency Situations — CAR 704.22
24.5.2.9 VFR Flight Obstacle Clearance Requirements — CAR 704.23
24.5.2.10 VFR Flight Minimum Flight Visibility — Uncontrolled Airspace (Helicopter) — CAR 704.24
24.5.2.11 VFR Flight Weather Conditions — CAR 704.25
24.5.2.12 Take-Off Minima — CAR 704.26
24.5.2.12.1 Runway to Be Used
24.5.2.12.1.1 Standard — Take-Off Minima
24.5.2.12.2 Another Suitable Runway
24.5.2.12.3 Below Take-Off Visibility Minimums
24.5.2.13 Routes in Uncontrolled Airspace — CAR 704.29
24.5.2.13.1 Standard — Routes in Uncontrolled Airspace
24.5.2.14 Weight and Balance Control — CAR 704.32
24.5.2.14.1 Standard — Weight and Balance Control
24.5.2.14.2 Company Operations Manual
24.5.2.15 Apron and Cabin Safety Procedures — CAR 704.33
24.5.2.15.1 Standard — Cabin Safety Procedures
24.5.2.16 Briefing of Passengers — CAR 704.34
24.5.2.16.1 Standard Safety Briefing
24.5.2.16.2 Individual Safety Briefing — For Passengers with Special Needs
24.5.2.16.3 Emergency Landing Briefing
24.5.2.16.4 Passengers Seated Next to an Emergency Exit
24.5.2.17 Safety Features Card — CAR 704.35
24.5.2.17.1 Standard — Safety Features Card
24.5.2.18 Approach Bans — Non-precision, Approach Procedure with Vertical Guidance and CAT 1 Precision — CAR 704.37
24.5.2.18.1 Visibility Less Than Minimum
24.5.2.18.2 Continuing a Non-precision Approach or an APV
24.5.2.18.3 Continuing a Stabilized Constant Descent Angle Non-precision Approach
24.5.2.18.4 Continuing a CAT I Precision Approach With Centreline Lightning or HUD
24.5.2.18.5 Standard — Instrument Approach Procedures
24.5.3 Aircraft Performance Operation Limitations
24.5.3.1 Take-Off Weight Limitations — CAR 704.46
24.5.3.1.1 Conditions to Take-Off
24.5.3.1.2 Conditions to Take-Off and Landing on Gravel Runways
24.5.3.1.3 Determination of the Maximum Take-Off Weight — Propeller-Driven Aeroplane (Not More Than 5700 kg)
24.5.3.1.4 Determination of the Maximum Take-Off Weight — Turbo-Jet-Powered Aeroplane or Large Propeller-Driven Aeroplane
24.5.3.1.5 Determination of the Maximum Take-Off Weight — Factors
24.5.3.2 Net Take-Off Flight Path — CAR 704.47
24.5.3.2.1 General Rule
24.5.3.2.2 Exceptions
24.5.3.2.3 Determination of the Maximum Weight, Minimum Distances and Flight Path
24.5.3.3 Enroute Limitations with One Engine Inoperative — CAR 704.48
24.5.3.4 Dispatch Limitations: Landing at Destination and Alternate Aerodromes — CAR 704.49
24.5.3.4.1 General Rule
24.5.3.4.2 Exception
24.5.3.4.3 Factors to Consider
24.5.3.5 Dispatch Limitations: Wet Runway — Turbo-Jet-Powered Aeroplanes — CAR 704.50
24.5.3.5.1 General Rule
24.5.3.5.2 Exceptions
24.5.4 Aircraft Equipment Requirements
24.5.4.1 General Requirements — CAR 704.62
24.5.4.2 Operation of Aircraft in Icing Conditions — CAR 704.63
24.5.4.3 Airborne Thunderstorm Detection and Weather Radar Equipment — CAR 704.64
24.5.4.4 Additional Equipment for Single-Pilot Operations — CAR 704.65
24.5.4.5 Protective Breathing Equipment — CAR 704.66
24.5.4.6 First Aid Oxygen — CAR 704.67
24.5.4.7 Shoulder Harness — CAR 704.68
24.5.5 Emergency Equipment
24.5.5.1 Hand-Held Fire Extinguisher — CAR 704.83
24.5.5.2 Equipment Standards and Inspection — CAR 704.84
24.5.6 Personnel Requirements
24.5.6.1 Minimum Crew — CAR 704.106
24.5.6.2 Designation of Pilot-in-Command and Second-in-Command — CAR 704.107
24.5.6.3 Flight Crew Member Qualification — CAR 704.108
24.5.6.3.1 General Rules
24.5.6.3.1.1 Standard — Flight Crew Member Qualifications and Pilot Proficiency Check
24.5.6.3.2 Exceptions
24.5.6.3.3 Specific Requirements for the Pilot-in-Command
24.5.6.4 Validity Period — CAR 704.111
24.5.6.4.1 General Rule
24.5.6.4.2 Extension
24.5.6.4.3 Requalification After 24-Month Period
24.5.6.4.4 Standard — Validity Period
24.5.7 Training — CAR 704.115
24.5.7.1 Air Operator’s Obligations
24.5.7.1.1 Ground and Flight Training Program
24.5.7.1.2 Fatigue Management Training Program
24.5.7.1.3 Standard — Training Programs and Syllabus
24.5.7.2 Ground and Flight Training Program Components
24.5.8 Manuals
24.5.8.1 Distribution of Company Operations Manual — CAR 704.122
24.5.8.1.1 General Rule
24.5.8.1.2 In the Aircraft
24.5.8.1.3 Amendments and Accessibility
24.5.8.2 Aircraft Operating Manual — CAR 704.123
24.5.8.2.1 Discretion of the Air Operator
24.5.8.2.2 Content
24.5.8.2.3 On Board Each Aircraft
24.5.8.3 Standard Operating Procedures — CAR 704.124
24.5.8.3.1 Air Operator’s Obligations
24.5.8.3.1.1 Standard — Standard Operating Procedures
24.5.8.3.2 Relation with the Aircraft Operating Manual
24.6 Airline Operations
24.6.1 Application — CAR 705.01
24.6.2 Flight Operations
24.6.2.1 Exceptions in Respect to Certain Flight Operations Rules — CAR 705.16
24.6.2.1.1 General Rule
24.6.2.1.2 Type Certificate
24.6.2.1.3 Conditions
24.6.2.2 Operating Instructions — CAR 705.17
24.6.2.3 Operational Control System — CAR 705.20
24.6.2.3.1 Standard — Operational Control System
24.6.2.4 Flight Authorization — CAR 705.21
24.6.2.5 Operational Flight Plan — CAR 705.22
24.6.2.6 Checklist — CAR 705.24
24.6.2.7 Fuel Requirements — CAR 705.25
24.6.2.7.1 General Rule
24.6.2.7.2 Exception
24.6.2.7.3 Standard — Fuel Requirements
24.6.2.8 Extended Range Twin-Engined Operations — CAR 705.26
24.6.2.8.1 General Rule
24.6.2.8.2 Exception
24.6.2.9 Admission to the Flight Deck — CAR 705.27
24.6.2.9.1 Department of Transport Air Carrier Inspector
24.6.2.9.2 Persons Admitted to the Flight Deck
24.6.2.9.3 Record
24.6.2.9.4 Notification to the Pilot-in-Command
24.6.2.9.5 Discretionary Power of the Pilot-in-Command
24.6.2.9.6 Company Operations Manual
24.6.2.10 Seats for Cabin Safety Inspectors — CAR 705.28
24.6.2.11 Flight Crew Members at Controls — CAR 705.29
24.6.2.11.1 Standard — Flight Crew Members at Controls
24.6.2.12 Simulation of Emergency Situations — CAR 705.30
24.6.2.13 Crew Member Briefing — CAR 705.31
24.6.2.13.1 Standard — Crew Member Briefing
24.6.2.14 VFR Flight Obstacle Clearance Requirements — CAR 705.32
24.6.2.15 VFR Flight Weather Conditions — CAR 705.33
24.6.2.16 Take-off Minima — CAR 705.34
24.6.2.16.1 Runway to Be Used
24.6.2.16.2 Another Suitable Runway
24.6.2.16.3 Below Take-Off Visibility Minimums
24.6.2.16.3.1 Standard — Take-Off Minima
24.6.2.17 Routes in Uncontrolled Airspace — CAR 705.37
24.6.2.17.1 Standard — Routes in Uncontrolled Airspace
24.6.2.18 Weight and Balance Control — CAR 705.39
24.6.2.18.1 General Rules
24.6.2.18.1.1 Standard — Weight and Balance Control
24.6.2.18.2 Record
24.6.2.18.3 Company Operations Manual
24.6.2.19 Passenger and Cabin Safety Procedures — CAR 705.40
24.6.2.19.1 Air Operators’ Obligations
24.6.2.19.1.1 Standard — Passenger and Cabin Safety Procedures
24.6.2.19.2 Passengers Unable to Sit Upright
24.6.2.20 Carry-on Baggage — CAR 705.42
24.6.2.20.1 Carry-on Baggage Control Program
24.6.2.20.1.1 Standard — Carry-on Baggage
24.6.2.20.2 Carry-on Baggage Stowed Under Passenger Seat
24.6.2.20.3 Carry-on Baggage Requirements
24.6.2.21 Briefing of Passengers — CAR 705.43
24.6.2.21.1 Standard Safety Briefing
24.6.2.21.2 Bilingual Requirement
24.6.2.21.3 Individual Safety Briefing
24.6.2.21.4 Emergency Landing Briefing
24.6.2.21.5 Passengers Seated Next to a Window Emergency Exit
24.6.2.22 Safety Features Card and Supplemental Procedures — CAR 705.44
24.6.2.22.1 Standard — Safety Features Card
24.6.2.23 Closing and Locking of Flight Deck Door — CAR 705.45
24.6.2.23.1 General Rule
24.6.2.23.2 Exceptions
24.6.2.23.3 Company Operations Manual
24.6.2.24 Night VFR Flight — Aeroplane — CAR 705.46
24.6.2.25 Approach Bans — Non-precision, APV and CAT I Precision — CAR 705.48
24.6.2.25.1 Visibility Less Than Minimum
24.6.2.25.2 Continuing a Non-precision Approach or an APV
24.6.2.25.3 Continuing an SCDA Non-precision Approach
24.6.2.25.4 Continuing a CAT I Precision Approach with Centreline Lightning or HUD
24.6.2.25.5 Standard — Instrument Approach Procedures
24.6.3 Aircraft Performance Operating Limitations
24.6.3.1 Take-off Weight Limitations — CAR 705.56
24.6.3.1.1 Conditions to Take-Off
24.6.3.1.2 Determination of the Maximum Take-Off Weight
24.6.3.2 Net Take-Off Flight Path — CAR 705.57
24.6.3.2.1 Obligation
24.6.3.2.2 Determination of the Maximum Weight
24.6.3.3 Enroute Limitations with One Engine Inoperative — CAR 705.58
24.6.3.3.1 General Rule
24.6.3.3.2 Factors
24.6.3.4 Enroute Limitations with Two Engine Inoperative — CAR 705.59
24.6.3.4.1 General Rule
24.6.3.4.2 Factors
24.6.3.5 Dispatch Limitations — Landing at Destination and Alternate Aerodromes — CAR 705.60
24.6.3.6 Dispatch Limitations — Wet Runway — Turbo-Jet-Powered Aeroplanes — CAR 705.61
24.6.4 Aircraft Equipment Requirements
24.6.4.1 General Requirements — CAR 705.67
24.6.4.2 Landing Lights — CAR 705.68
24.6.4.3 Operation of Aircraft in Icing Conditions — CAR 705.69
24.6.4.4 Weather Radar Equipment — CAR 705.70
24.6.4.5 Protective Breathing Equipment — CAR 705.71
24.6.4.5.1 General Rule
24.6.4.5.2 CAR 605.31 — Oxygen Equipment and Supply
24.6.4.5.3 Requirements
24.6.4.6 First Aid Oxygen — CAR 705.72
24.6.4.7 Interphone System — CAR 705.73
24.6.4.8 Public Address System — CAR 705.74
24.6.4.9 Crew Member Shoulder Harness — CAR 705.75
24.6.4.10 Lavatory Fire Protection — CAR 705.76
24.6.4.11 Floor Proximity Emergency Escape Path Markings — CAR 705.78
24.6.4.12 Flashlight Stowage — CAR 705.79
24.6.4.13 Doors and Locks — CAR 705.80
24.6.4.13.1 Obligations
24.6.4.13.2 Locking Device
24.6.4.13.3 Key
24.6.4.14 Cargo and Baggage Compartment Fire Protection — CAR 705.81
24.6.5 Emergency Equipment
24.6.5.1 Megaphones — CAR 705.89
24.6.5.2 First Aid Kits — CAR 705.90
24.6.5.2.1 Number of First Aid Kits
24.6.5.2.2 Stowage
24.6.5.3 Emergency Medical Kit — CAR 705.91
24.6.5.3.1 Standard — Emergency Medical Kit
24.6.5.4 Crash Axe — CAR 705.92
24.6.5.5 Hand-Held Fire Extinguishers — CAR 705.93
24.6.5.5.1 General Rule
24.6.5.5.2 Type and Quantity of Extinguishing Agent
24.6.5.5.3 Number of Hand-Held Fire Extinguishers
24.6.5.5.4 Stowage
24.6.5.6 Portable Oxygen — CAR 705.94
24.6.5.7 Survival Equipment — CAR 705.95
24.6.5.7.1 General Rule — Flights over Land
24.6.5.7.2 General Rule — Flights Over Water
24.6.5.8 Inspection Requirements — CAR 705.96
24.6.5.9 Flashlights — CAR 705.97
24.6.6 Personnel Requirements
24.6.6.1 Designation of Pilot-in-Command and Second-in-Command — CAR 705.103
24.6.6.2 Pilot Qualifications — CAR 705.106
24.6.6.2.1 General Rules
24.6.6.2.2 Standard — Pilot Qualifications and Pilot Proficiency Check
24.6.6.3 Flight Engineer and Second Officer Qualifications — CAR 705.107
24.6.6.3.1 General Rules
24.6.6.3.2 Standard — Flight Engineer and Second Officer Qualifications
24.6.6.4 Crew Pairing — CAR 705.108
24.6.6.4.1 Standard — Crew Pairing
24.6.6.5 Route and Aerodrome Qualifications — CAR 705.111
24.6.6.5.1 Route and Aerodrome Qualifications
24.6.6.6 Validity Period — CAR 705.113
24.6.6.6.1 General Rules
24.6.6.6.1.1 Line Check and Training
24.6.6.6.1.2 Flight Dispatcher
24.6.6.6.2 PPC Expiration
24.6.6.6.3 Extension
24.6.6.6.4 Requalification After 24-Month Period — Pilot
24.6.6.6.5 Requalification After 12-Month Period — Flight Dispatcher
24.6.6.6.6 Standard — Validity Period
24.6.7 Training
24.6.7.1 Training Program — CAR 705.124
24.6.7.1.1 Air Operator’s Obligations
24.6.7.1.1.1 Training Program
24.6.7.1.1.2 Fatigue Management Training Program
24.6.7.1.2 Standard — Training Programs and Syllabus
24.6.7.2 Minimum Number of Flight Attendants — CAR 705.201
24.6.7.2.1 Air Operator’s Obligation
24.6.7.2.2 General Rule — Number of Flight Attendants
24.6.7.2.3 Exceptions — Number of Flight Attendants
24.6.7.2.3.1 1 to 40 Ratio
24.6.7.2.3.2 1 to 50 Ratio
24.6.7.3 Emergency Evacuation — Before and During Surface Movements — CAR 705.225
24.6.8 Manuals
24.6.8.1 Distribution of Company Operations Manual — CAR 705.136
24.6.8.1.1 General Rule
24.6.8.1.2 In the Aircraft
24.6.8.1.3 Amendments and Accessibility
24.6.8.1.4 Standard — Company Operations Manual
24.6.8.2 Aircraft Operating Manual — CAR 705.137
24.6.8.2.1 Discretion of the Air Operator
24.6.8.2.2 Content
24.6.8.2.3 Approval by the Minister
24.6.8.2.3.1 Standard — Aircraft Operating Manual
24.6.8.2.4 Obligations of the Air Operator
24.6.8.3 Standard Operating Procedures — CAR 705.138
24.6.8.3.1 Air Operator’s Obligations
24.6.8.3.1.1 Standard — Standard Operating Procedures
24.6.8.3.2 Relation with the Aircraft Operating Manual
24.6.9 Safety Management System
24.6.9.1 Requirements — CAR 705.151
24.6.9.2 Components of the Safety Management System — CAR 705.152
24.6.10 Interference with a Crew Member
24.6.10.1 Levels of Interference with a Crew Member — CAR 705.175
24.6.10.2 Reporting Incidents of Interference with a Crew Member — CAR 705.174
24.6.10.2.1 Obligation of the Applicant for an Air Operator Certificate
24.6.10.2.2 Content of the Report
24.6.10.2.3 Record the Report
24.6.10.2.4 Disclosure of Statistics to the Minister
24.6.10.2.5 Standard — Reporting Incidents of Interference with a Crew Member
24.7 Aircraft Maintenance Requirements for Air Operators
24.7.1 Maintenance Control System — CARs 706.02 and 706.08
24.7.1.1 General
24.7.1.1.1 Establishment, Maintenance and Authorization
24.7.1.1.2 Incorporation by Reference
24.7.1.1.3 Copies
24.7.1.1.4 Amendments
24.7.1.1.5 Minister’s Approvals
24.7.1.1.6 Standard — Maintenance Control Management
24.7.1.2 Obligations
24.7.2 Maintenance Arrangements — CAR 706.09
24.7.2.1 General Rule
24.7.2.2 Requirements
24.7.2.3 Outside of Canada
24.7.2.4 Standard — Maintenance Arrangements
24.7.3 Elementary Work — CAR 706.10
24.7.3.1 Definition and Exhaustive List
24.7.3.2 Person Authorized to Perform
24.7.4 Servicing — CAR 706.11
Appendices
Appendix I: Designated Provisions of the CARs
Appendix II: Air Law Syllabus
PPAER and FAAPA
CARs
TC AIM
CPAER and FAACA
CARs
TC AIM
Other Legislation
INRAT and FAAIA
IATRA
CARs
TC AIM
SARON and FAAAA
CARs
TC AIM
Other Legislation
References
Legislation and Regulations
Cases
Doctrine
Other Documentations
Index