Table of Contents and Preface
Title
Copyright
Dedication
About the Authors
Preface
From the Authors
Teaching Features Related to STRATEGY and CRITICAL THINKING
Teaching Features Related to REINFORCEMENT
Other Program Features
Connect
FOR INSTRUCTORS
FOR STUDENTS
Acknowledgments
Brief Contents
Table of Contents
Unit One: Fundamentals of the Legal Environment of Business
Chapter 1: Legal Foundations and Thinking Strategically
Unit One: Fundamentals of the Legal Environment of Business
Introduction
Chapter Overview
Introduction to Law
Categories of Law
Language of the Law
Functions of Law
Law in Context: Business and Strategy
Business Swimming in a Sea of Law: Defining Strategy
Using Strategy in Legal Decisions
Role of Counsel
Primary Sources and Levels of American Law
Constitutional Law
Statutory Law
Administrative Law
Common Law
Law versus Equity
Secondary Sources of Law
Stare Decisis and Precedent
Stare Decisis and Business
Thinking Strategically
Four Categories
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 1.1 U.S. v. Alvarez 567 U.S. 709 (2012)
CASE SUMMARY 1.2 Sokoloff v. Harriman Estate Development Corp., 754 N.E.2d 184 (N.Y. 2001)
CASE SUMMARY 1.3 Jones v. R. R. Donnelley & Sons Co., 541 U.S. 369 (2004)
CASE SUMMARY 1.4 Kauffman-Harmon v. Kauffman, 36 P.3d 408 (Sup. Ct. Mont. 2001)
Chapter Review Questions
Quick Quiz Answers
Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
Chapter 2: Business, Societal, and Ethical Contexts of Law
Introduction
Chapter Overview
The Relationships between Business Organizations, Law, and Ethics
Ethical Decision-Making Regimes
Principles-Based Approach
Consequences-Based Approach
Contract-Based Approach
Corporate Social Responsibility
Major CSR Schools of Thought
CSR and Litigation
Values Management and Compliance Departments
Business Ethics Challenges in Values Management
Common Traits of Effective Values Management
Compliance Departments
Ethical Decision Making: A Manager’s Paradigm
Community-Based Nonprofit and Benefit Corporations
Thinking Strategically
Patently Unfair Behavior?
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 2.1 Dodge v. Ford Motor Co., 204 Mich. 459, 170 N.W. 668 (1919)
CASE SUMMARY 2.2 In re High-Tech Employee Antitrust Litigation, U.S. District Court, Northern District of California 11-cv-2509 (2013)
CASE SUMMARY 2.3 In re Volkswagen “Clean Diesel” Marketing, Sales Practices, and Products Liability Litigation, U.S. District Court, Northern District of California MDL No. 2672 CRB (2017)
CASE SUMMARY 2.4 Goswami v. American Collections Enterprise, Inc., 377 F.3d 488 (5th Cir. 2004)
CASE SUMMARY 2.5 Luther v. Countrywide Home Loans Servicing, 533 F.3d 1031 (9th Cir. 2008)
Chapter Review Questions
Quick Quiz Answers
Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
Chapter 3: Business and the Constitution
Introduction
Chapter Overview
Structure of the Constitution
Federalism
Separation of Powers
Overview of Federal Powers
The Congress (Article I)
The President (Article II)
The Federal Courts (Article III)
Regulation of Commerce
Scope of the Commerce Power
Negative Commerce Clause
The Commerce Clause Today
The Bill of Rights
First Amendment (Freedom of Speech, Assembly, and Religion)
Second Amendment (Arms)
Third Amendment (Housing of Soldiers)
Fourth Amendment (Search and Seizure)
Fifth Amendment (Procedural Fairness and Property Rights)
Sixth Amendment (Criminal Trials)
Seventh Amendment (Civil Trials)
Eighth Amendment (Bail, Fines, and Punishments)
Ninth Amendment (Unenumerated Rights)
Tenth Amendment (Federalism and Popular Sovereignty)
Due Process and Equal Protection
Due Process
Equal Protection
Standards of Review
An Important Digression: Amending the Constitution
Interpreting the Constitution: Originalism versus the Living Constitution
Originalism
The Living Constitution
Thinking Strategically
The Constitution as a Commitment Device
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 3.1 Brown v. Board of Education II, 394 U.S. 294 (1955)
CASE SUMMARY 3.2 Executive Order 10730 (Desegregation of Central High)
CASE SUMMARY 3.3 Title IX
CASE SUMMARY 3.4 State v. DeAngelo, 930 A.2d 1236 (N.J. Supreme Ct. 2007)
CASE SUMMARY 3.5 U.S. v. Alderman, 565 F.3d 641 (9th Cir. 2009)
Chapter Review Questions
Quick Quiz Answers
Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
Chapter 4: The American Judicial System, Jurisdiction, and Venue
Introduction
Chapter Overview
Role and Structure of the Judiciary
State versus Federal Courts
State Courts
Federal Courts
Applying Precedent
Persuasive Value
Distinguishable Cases
Jurisdiction
Jurisdiction and Business Strategy
Overview of Jurisdiction
Subject Matter Jurisdiction: Authority over the Dispute
Personal Jurisdiction
Out-of-State Defendants
Injurious Effect
Physical Presence
Voluntary
Minimum Contacts and the Internet
Venue
Thinking Strategically
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 4.1 Bickford v. Onslow Memorial Hospital Foundation, 855 A.2d 1150 (Me. 2004)
CASE SUMMARY 4.2 M/S Bremen v. Zapata Off-Shore Co., 407 U.S. 1 (1972)
CASE SUMMARY 4.3 Mink v. AAAA Development LLC, 190 F.3d 333 (5th Cir. 1999)
CASE SUMMARY 4.4 Toys “R” Us, Inc. v. Step Two, S.A., 318 F.3d 446 (3d Cir. 2003)
CASE SUMMARY 4.5 Estate of Weingeroff v. Pilatus Aircraft, 566 F.3d 94 (3d Cir. 2009)
Chapter Review Questions
Quick Quiz Answers
Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
Chapter 5: Resolving Disputes: Litigation and Alternative Dispute Resolution
Introduction
Chapter Overview
Civil Litigation
Impact of Civil Litigation Business Planning
Stages of Litigation
Prelawsuit: Demand and Prelitigation Settlement Negotiations
Pleadings Stage
Discovery Stage
Pretrial Conference
Trial
Posttrial Motions and Appeals
Collecting the Judgment
Alternative Dispute Resolution
Informal ADR
Formal ADR Methods
Arbitration
Employment and Labor Arbitration
Mediation
Expert Evaluation
Other Forms of ADR
Thinking Strategically
Online Dispute Resolution
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 5.1 Infinite Energy, Inc. v. Thai Heng Chang, 2008 WL 4098329 (N.D. Fla. 2008)
CASE SUMMARY 5.2 Bridgestone Americas Holding, Inc. v. Mayberry, 854 N.E.2d 355 (Ind. 2006)
CASE SUMMARY 5.3 Massachusetts v. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 127 S. Ct. 1438 (2007)
CASE SUMMARY 5.4 Exxon Shipping Co. v. Exxon Seamen’s Union, 11 F.3d 1189 (3d Cir. 1993)
CASE SUMMARY 5.5 Hooters of America, Inc. v. Phillips, 173 F.3d 933 (4th Cir. 1999)
Chapter Review Questions
Quick Quiz Answers
Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
Unit Two: Contracts, Sales, and Leases
Chapter 6: Contracts: Overview, Definition, Categories, and Source of Law
Unit Two: Contracts, Sales, and Leases
Introduction
Chapter Overview
The Nature and Application of Contracts
Elements of a Contract
Types of Contracts
Basic Contract Structure and Terminology
Drafting Contracts with a Strategically Qualified Attorney
Thinking Strategically
Ticketmaster’s Strategic Contracts
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 6.1 Chambers v. Travelers Companies, 668 F.3d 559 (8th Cir. 2012)
CASE SUMMARY 6.2 Biomedical Systems Corp. v. GE Marquette Medical Systems, Inc., 287 F.3d 707 (8th Cir. 2002)
CASE SUMMARY 6.3 Forest Park Pictures v. Universal Television Network, Inc., 683 F.3d 424 (2d Cir. 2012)
CASE SUMMARY 6.4 Rochon Corp. v. City of Saint Paul, 814 N.W.2d 365 (Minn. Ct. App. 2012)
Chapter Review Questions
Quick Quiz Answers
Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
Chapter 7: Mutual Assent: Agreement and Consideration
Introduction
Chapter Overview
Mutual Assent
Requirements of an Offer
Objective Intent
Advertisements as an Offer
E-Contracts
Termination of an Offer
Action of the Parties
Operation of Law
Acceptance
Acceptance of an Offer: The Mailbox Rule
Mistake
Adequacy of Consideration
Legal Detriment
Amount and Type of Consideration
Agreements That Lack Consideration
Illusory Promises
Past Consideration
Promissory Estoppel
Thinking Strategically
What’s Your Negotiation Strategy?
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 7.1 Arizona Cartridge Remanufacturers Association v. Lexmark, 421 F.3d 981 (9th Cir. 2005)
CASE SUMMARY 7.2 Biomedical Systems Corp. v. GE Marquette Medical Systems, Inc., 287 F.3d 707 (8th Cir. 2002)
CASE SUMMARY 7.3 Reed’s Photo Mart, Inc. v. Monarch, 475 S.W.2d 356 (Tex. Civ. App. 1971)
Chapter Review Questions
Quick Quiz Answers
Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
Chapter 8: Capacity and Legality
Introduction
Chapter Overview
Capacity
Minors
Mental Competency
Intoxicated Persons
Bright-Line Rules versus Flexible Standards
Legality
Statutes
Public Policy
Exceptions to the Nonenforcement Rule
Thinking Strategically
Forum Selection and Choice of Law Clauses
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 8.1 Webster Street Partnership Ltd. v. Sheridan, 368 N.W.2d 439 (Neb. 1985)
CASE SUMMARY 8.2 Faber v. Sweet Style Manufacturing Corporation, 242 N.Y.S.2d 763 (N.Y. Sup. Ct., Nassau County, 1963)
CASE SUMMARY 8.3 Biomedical Systems Corp. v. GE Marquette Medical Systems, Inc., 287 F.3d 707 (8th Cir. 2002)
Chapter Review Questions
Quick Quiz Answers
Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
Chapter 9: Enforceability
Introduction
Chapter Overview
Enforceability of Contracts
Consent Defects
Misrepresentation and the Strategic Problem of Asymmetric Information
Innocent Misrepresentation
Fraud
Additional Contract Defenses
Duress
Undue Influence
Unconscionability
The Statute of Frauds
Contract Interpretation and the Parol Evidence Rule
Thinking Strategically
Enforceability of Confidentiality Agreements and Noncompete Clauses
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 9.1 Professional Bull Riders, Inc. v. AutoZone, Inc., unpublished order and judgment dated August 15, 2005 (10th Cir. 2005)
CASE SUMMARY 9.2 Alaska Packers’ Association v. Domenico, 117 F. 99 (9th Cir. 1902)
CASE SUMMARY 9.3 Harley-Davidson Motor Co. v. PowerSports, Inc., 319 F.3d 973 (7th Cir. 2003)
CASE SUMMARY 9.4 Tafel v. Lion Antique Investments & Consulting Services, 773 S.E.2d 743, Supreme Court of Georgia (2015)
Chapter Review Questions
Quick Quiz Answers
Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
Chapter 10: Performance
Introduction
Chapter Overview
The Nature and Effect of Contract Conditions
Discharging Obligations through Good Faith Performance
Discharge by Mutual Agreement
Rescission
Accord and Satisfaction
Substitute Agreement
Novation
Discharge by Operation of Law
Impossibility
Impracticability
Frustration of Purpose
Thinking Strategically
Use of Conditions
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 10.1 Sechrest v. Forest Furniture Co., 264 N.C. 216 (N.C. 1965)
CASE SUMMARY 10.2 1700 Rinehart, LLC v. Advance America, Cash Advance Centers, etc., 5D09-3759 (Fla. 5th DCA 2010)
CASE SUMMARY 10.3 Hearthstone, Inc. v. Dept. of Agriculture, CBCA 3725 (2015)
CASE SUMMARY 10.4 Wooden v. Synovus Bank, A13A0876 Ga. App. (2013)
CASE SUMMARY 10.5 Ed Wolfe Construction, Inc. v. Richard Knight and Luann Knight, 2014 IL App (5th)
Chapter Review Questions
Quick Quiz Answers
Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
Chapter 11: Breach and Remedies
Introduction
Chapter Overview
Breach Defined
Partial Breach
Anticipatory Repudiation
Remedies at Law (Money Damages)
Compensatory Damages
Consequential Damages
Restitution
Liquidated Damages
Equitable Remedies
Specific Performance
Injunctive Relief
Reformation
Duty to Mitigate
Thinking Strategically
Performance Assurances
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 11.1 Pepsi-Cola Co. v. Steak ’n Shake, Inc., 981 F. Supp. 1149 (S.D. Ind. 1997)
CASE SUMMARY 11.2 DiFolco v. MSNBC, 622 F.3d 104 (2d Cir. 2010)
Chapter Review Questions
Quick Quiz Answers
Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
Chapter 12: Contracts for the Sale of Goods: Overview of Article 2
Introduction
Chapter Overview
Introduction to the UCC
Purpose of Article 2 of the UCC
Default Rules
UCC Article 2 Coverage and Definitions
UCC and the Common Law
Thinking Strategically
The Sale of Goods over the Internet and the Shadow of the Future
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 12.1 Advent Systems Ltd. v. Unisys Corp., 925 F.2d 670 (3d Cir. 1991)
CASE SUMMARY 12.2 3L Communications LLC v. Merola, 2013 WL 4803532, Court of Appeals of Tennessee (2013)
Chapter Review Questions
Quick Quiz Answers
Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
Chapter 13: Sales Contracts: Agreement, Consideration, and the Statute of Frauds
Introduction
Chapter Overview
Formation of Agreement for Sale of Goods
Firm Offers by Merchants
Offers with Open Terms
A Word about Quantity
Other Open Terms
Acceptance
Consideration
The Battle of the Forms
Nonmerchant Transactions
Merchant Transactions
Statute of Frauds
Thinking Strategically
The Battle of the Forms
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 13.1 Movado Group, Inc. v. Mozaffarian, 938 N.Y.S2d 27 (2012)
CASE SUMMARY 13.2 Hebberd-Kulow Enterprises, Inc. v. Kelomar, Inc., Court of Appeals of California, 4th District (2016)
CASE SUMMARY 13.3 Daitom, Inc. v. Pennwalt Corp., 741 F.2d 1569 (10th Cir. 1984)
Chapter Review Questions
Quick Quiz Answers
Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
Chapter 14: Title, Allocation of Risk, and Insurable Interest
Introduction
Chapter Overview
Identification of Goods
Issues Related to Title Transfers
Passing of Title
Good Faith Buyers
Insurable Interest
Risk of Loss
Thinking Strategically
Strategic Assessment of Shipping Terms
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 14.1 3L Communications v. Merola d/b/a NY Telecom Supply, No. M2012- 02163-COA-R3-CV, Court of Appeals of Tennessee (2013)
CASE SUMMARY 14.2 Frelinghuysen Morris Foundation v. AXA Art Insurance, 603015 (2009)
CASE SUMMARY 14.3 Jacq Wilson et al. v. Brawn of California, Inc., 132 Cal. App. 4th 549 (2005)
CASE SUMMARY 14.4 St. Paul Guardian Insurance Company et al. v. Neuromed Medical Systems & Support, GmbH et al., 00 Civ. 9344 (SHS) U.S. Dist. Ct., S.D.N.Y. (2002)
CASE SUMMARY 14.5 Windows, Inc. v. Jordan Panel Systems Corp., 177 F.3d 114 (1999)
Chapter Review Questions
Quick Quiz Answers
Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
Chapter 15: Performance and Cure in Sales Contracts
Introduction
Chapter Overview
The UCC and Good Faith
Performance, Past Dealings, and Trade Practices
Obligations of the Seller
Perfect Tender
Rights of the Seller
Commercial Impracticability
Obligations and Rights of the Buyer
Buyer’s Right of Inspection: Acceptance or Rejection
Special Rules for Installment Contracts
Thinking Strategically
Notice and Remediation
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 15.1 Ner Tamid Congregation of North Town v. Krivoruchko, 638 F. Supp. 2d 913 (N.D. III. 2009)
CASE SUMMARY 15.2 General Motors Corp. v. Acme Refining Co., 513 F. Supp. 2d 906 (E.D. Mich. 2007)
CASE SUMMARY 15.3 Furlong v. Alpha Chi Omega Sorority et al., 73 Ohio Misc.2d 26 (1993)
CASE SUMMARY 15.4 Zion Temple First Pentecostal Church of Cincinnati v. Brighter Day Bookstore & Gifts and Murphy Cap & Gown Co., 970 N.E.2d 441 (Ohio 2004)
Chapter Review Questions
Quick Quiz Answers
Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
Chapter 16: Breach and Remedies in a Sales Transaction
Introduction
Chapter Overview
Definition of a Breach
Seller’s Breach
Buyer’s Breach
Important Breach-Related Dates
Seller’s Remedies
Buyer’s Remedies
Limitation of Remedies
Thinking Strategically
Reacting to a Potential Sales Contract Breach7
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 16.1 Glenn Distributors Corp. v. Carlisle Plastics, Inc., 297 F.3d 294 (3d Cir. 2002)
CASE SUMMARY 16.2 S.W.B. New England, Inc. v. R.A.B. Food Group, LLC, 2008 WL 540091 (S.D.N.Y. 2008)
CASE SUMMARY 16.3 Swan Lake Holdings, LLC v. Yamaha Golf-Car Co., U.S. Dist. LEXIS 19684 (U.S. Dist. Ct. North. Dist. Ind., S. Bend Div., 2011)
CASE SUMMARY 16.4 Huntsville Hospital v. Mortara Instrument, 57 F.3d 1043 (11th Cir. 1995)
CASE SUMMARY 16.5 Aero Consulting Corp. v. Cessna Aircraft Co., 867 F. Supp. 1480 (D. Kan. 1994)
Chapter Review Questions
Quick Quiz Answers
Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
Chapter 17: UCC Article 2A: Lease Contracts
Introduction
Chapter Overview
Introduction to Article 2A of the UCC
UCC Article 2A Coverage
Some Basic Terminology: Lessors and Lessees
True Leases versus Secured Transactions
Warranties
Finance Leases
Leases That Must Be in Writing
Thinking Strategically
Lease or Own?
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 17.1 Cucchi v. Rollins Protective Services, 574 A.2d 565 (Pa. 1990)
CASE SUMMARY 17.2 Corporate Center Associates v. Total Group and Office Outfitters, 462 N.W.2d 713 (Iowa Ct. App. 1990)
CASE SUMMARY 17.3 Brankle Brokerage & Leasing, Inc. v. Volvo Financial Services, 394 B.R. 906 (2008)
Chapter Review Questions
Quick Quiz Answers
Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
Chapter 18: Sales Warranties
Introduction
Chapter Overview
Types of Warranties
Express Warranties
Implied Warranties
Disclaimers and Limitations
Third-Party Rights
Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act
Thinking Strategically
Advertising and Express Warranties
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 18.1 Giles v. POM Wonderful, LLC, No. 10-32192 (Cir. Ct., 17th Jud. Cir., Broward County, Fla., filed August 6, 2010)
CASE SUMMARY 18.2 Mennonite Deaconess Home & Hospital, Inc. v. Gates Engineering Co., 219 Neb. 303, 363 N.W.2d 155 (1985)
CASE SUMMARY 18.3 City of LaCrosse v. Schubert, Schroeder & Associates, 72 Wis. 2d 38, 240 N.W.2d 124 (1976)
CASE SUMMARY 18.4 Consumers Power Co. v. Mississippi Valley Structural Steel Co., 636 F. Supp. 1100 (E.D. Mich. 1986)
CASE SUMMARY 18.5 Webster v. Blue Ship Tea Room, Inc., 198 N.E. 2d 309 (Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, 1964)
Chapter Review Questions
Quick Quiz Answers
Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
Unit Three: Commercial Paper and Secured Transactions
Chapter 19: Definition, Creation, and Categories of Negotiable Instruments
Unit Three: Commercial Paper and Secured Transactions
Introduction
Chapter Overview
Features of a Negotiable Instrument
Unconditional Promise
Order
Fixed Amount
In Writing and Signed
Payable to Order or to Bearer
Payable on Demand or at a Future Time
Types of Negotiable Instruments
Draft
Check
Certificate of Deposit (CD)
Promissory Note
Steps to Negotiate and Indorse an Instrument
Negotiation of Order Paper
Negotiation of Bearer Paper
Negotiable Instruments and Securitization in Debt Capital Markets
Thinking Strategically
Negotiating Accounts Receivable
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 19.1 Cooperatieve Centrale Raiffeisen-Boerenleenbank B.A. v. William H. Bailey, 710 F. Supp. 737 (C.D. Cal. 1989)
CASE SUMMARY 19.2 In re AppOnline, Inc., 321 B.R. 614; 2003 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 26258 (2003)
CASE SUMMARY 19.3 Blasco v. Money Services Center, 352 B.R. 888 (N. Dist. Ala. 2006)
Chapter Review Questions
Quick Quiz Answers
Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
Chapter 20: Negotiation, Indorsements, and Holder in Due Course
Introduction
Chapter Overview
Negotiation
Holder
Negotiation and Transfer
Holder in Due Course (HDC) Status
Value
Good Faith
Without Notice
The Shelter Rule
Defenses and Third-Party Claims
Real Defenses
Personal Defenses
Claims in Recoupment
HDC and Consumers
Holder Rule
Requirements
Thinking Strategically
Preventing Fraud through Artificial Intelligence
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 20.1 Carter & Grimsley v. Omni Trading, Inc., 716 N.E.2d 320 (Ill. App. Ct. 1999)
CASE SUMMARY 20.2 Any Kind Checks Cashed, Inc. v. Talcott (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2002)
CASE SUMMARY 20.3 Zener v. Velde, 17 P.3d 296 (Idaho Ct. App. 2000)
Chapter Review Questions
Quick Quiz Answers
Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
Chapter 21: Liability, Defenses, and Discharge
Introduction
Chapter Overview
Liability on the Instrument
Primary Liability
Secondary Liability
Presentment
Instruments That Are Dishonored
Agency Issues
Warranty Liability
Transfer Warranties
Presentment Warranties
Defenses against Holders of Negotiable Instruments
Discharge
Discharge by Payment
Discharge by Tender
Discharge by Cancellation or Renunciation
Discharge by Material and Fraudulent Alteration
Discharge by Certification
Discharge by Acceptance Varying a Draft
Notice Requirement
Thinking Strategically
Judgment-Proof Defendants
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 21.1 Bank of Nichols Hills v. Bank of Oklahoma, 196 P.3d 984 (Okla. Civ. App. 2008)
CASE SUMMARY 21.2 Flatiron Linen v. First American State Bank, 23 P.3d 1209, Supreme Court of Colorado (2001)
CASE SUMMARY 21.3 Cooper v. Union Bank, 507 P.2d 609, Supreme Court of California, (1973)
CASE SUMMARY 21.4 Cooper v. Union Bank, 507 P.2d 609, Supreme Court of California (1973)
Chapter Review Questions
Quick Quiz Answers
Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
Chapter 22: Checks, Deposits, and Financial Institutions
Introduction
Chapter Overview
Checks in Commercial Transactions
Electronic Payment Systems
Debit Cards
Credit Cards
Automated Clearing House (ACH) Transactions
Electronic Funds Transfers (Wires)
Mobile Payment Apps and the Blockchain
Mobile Payment Apps
Blockchain
Fraud Rules Related to Checks and Electronic Payment Systems
Thinking Strategically
Stolen and Forged Business Checks
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 22.1 Wachovia Bank, N.A. v. Foster Bankshares, Inc., 457 F.3d 619, 60 U.C.C. 2d 1126 (7th Cir. 2006)
CASE SUMMARY 22.2 Halifax Corp. v. First Union National Bank, 26 Va. 91, 546 S.E.2d 696, 44 U.C.C. 2d 661 (2001)
CASE SUMMARY 22.3 TME Enterprises, Inc. v. Norwest Corp., 124 Cal. App. 4th 1021 (2004)
Chapter Review Questions
Quick Quiz Answers
Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
Chapter 23: Secured Transactions
Introduction
Chapter Overview
Classifications of Collateral in Secured Transactions
The Steps to Create a Security Interest
Enter into Contract with Lender That Defines and Creates Security Interest
Attach a Security Interest to Property
Perfecting a Security Interest
Perfection by Filing
Perfection by Possession
Automatic Perfection
Perfection by Control
Priority among Creditors’ Claims to Collateral
The Consequences of a Borrower’s Default
Thinking Strategically
Assessing and Perfecting a Security Interest
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 23.1 In re Estate of Joseph M. Silver, 2003 Mich. App. LEXIS 1389
CASE SUMMARY 23.2 In re Pfautz, 264 B.R. 551 (W.D. Miss. 2001)
CASE SUMMARY 23.3 In re Piknik Products Co., 346 B.R. 863 (Bankr. M.D. Ala. 2006)
Chapter Review Questions
Quick Quiz Answers
Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
Chapter 24: Creditors’ Rights
Introduction
Chapter Overview
Personal Guaranties
Rights against Third Parties
Defenses
Liens
Judicial Liens
Statutory Liens
Consensual Liens
Collecting Unsecured Debts
Obtaining and Enforcing a Judgment
Garnishment
Levy
Discovery
Sale of Property
State Exemption Laws
Thinking Strategically
Using Statutory Liens
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 24.1 Anthony DeMarco & Sons Nursery, LLC v. Maxim Construction Service Corp., 130 A.D.3d 1409 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. App. Div. 2015)
CASE SUMMARY 24.2 On the Level Enterprises, Inc. v. 49 East Houston LLC, 2013 NY Slip Op. 01614 [104 A.D.3d 500]
CASE SUMMARY 24.3 Assevero v. Rihan, 144 A.D.3d 1061 (App. Div. Sup. Ct. of NY 2016)
CASE SUMMARY 24.4 Barrie-Chivian v. Lepler, 87 Mass. App. Ct. 683 (2015)
Chapter Review Questions
Quick Quiz Answers
Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
Chapter 25: Alternatives for Insolvent Borrowers
Introduction
Chapter Overview
Workouts
Turnaround Advisors
Workout Models
Workouts versus Bankruptcy
Assignment for the Benefit of Creditors (ABC)
Assignment Agreement
Distribution
ABC Statutory Requirements
Shareholder and Director Approval
Out of Existence
Thinking Strategically
Turning It Around
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 25.1 Sherwood Partners as ABC Assignee of Thinklink v. Lycos, 394 F.3d 1198 (9th Cir. 2005)
CASE SUMMARY 25.2 Moecker v. Antoine et al., 845 So.2d 904 (Fla. Ct. App. 2003)
Chapter Review Questions
Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
Chapter 26: Bankruptcy
Introduction
Chapter Overview
Bankruptcy Code
Automatic Stay
Bankruptcy Trustee
Chapter 7: Liquidation
Bankruptcy Petition and Stay
Order for Relief and Trustee Appointment
Creditors’ Meeting and the Bankruptcy Estate
Distribution and Discharge
Chapter 11: Reorganization
Debtor in Possession
Strong-Arm Clause
Reorganization Plan
Chapter 13: Individual Repayment
The Fraud Exception
Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act
Other BAPCPA Requirements
Thinking Strategically
Strategic Bankruptcy
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 26.1 In re Fehrs, 391 B.R. 53 (Bankr. D. Idaho, 2008)
CASE SUMMARY 26.2 Ellison v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue Service, 385 B.R. 158 (S.D. W. Va. 2008)
CASE SUMMARY 26.3 In re Richie, 353 B.R. 569 (Bankr. E.D. Wis. 2006)
CASE SUMMARY 26.4 In re Jones, 392 B.R. 116 (E.D. Pa. 2008)
Chapter Review Questions
Quick Quiz Answers
Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
Unit Four: Business Entities
Chapter 27: Choice of Business Entity and Sole Proprietorships
Unit Four: Business Entities
Introduction
Chapter Overview
Choosing a Business Entity
Evolution of the Entity
Sole Proprietorships
Liability of Proprietor
Capitalization
Taxation
Management and Organization
Termination
Franchises: A Method Rather Than an Entity
Franchise Agreements
FTC Regulation
State Regulation
Thinking Strategically
Umbrella Insurance
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 27.1 Vernon v. Schuster, 688 N.E.2d 1172 (lll. 1997)
CASE SUMMARY 27.2 Nazi v. Jerry’s Oil Co. (Tenn. Ct. App. 2014)
CASE SUMMARY 27.3 Clayton v. Planet Travel Holdings, Inc., 988 N.E.2d 1110 (Ill. App. Ct. 2013)
CASE SUMMARY 27.4 England v. Simmons, 757 S.E.2d 111 (Ga. 2014)
Chapter Review Questions
Quick Quiz Answers
Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
Chapter 28: Partnerships
Introduction
Chapter Overview
General Partnership Formation
Overview of the Revised Uniform Partnership Act (RUPA) and the Uniform Partnership Act (UPA)
General Partnerships in the Context of Business
The Rights of Partners
Right to Share Profits and Losses Equally
Right to Partnership Property
Right to Co-manage the Business
Right to Indemnity
Right to Vote
Right to Be Informed
The Duties of Partners
Duty of Loyalty
Duty of Care
Duty of Good Faith
The Partnership Agreement
Capital Contributions
Property Provision
Profits and Losses
Salary
Management Rights
Buy-Sell Agreement
Limited Partnerships and Family Limited Partnerships
Formation
Personal Liability of Principals
Capitalization
Taxation of Partners and Partnership
Management and Operation of the Partnership
Family Limited Partnerships
Limited Liability Partnerships (LLPs)
Formation
Liability
Taxation
Capitalization
Partner Dissociation and Partnership Dissolution
Dissociation under the RUPA
Withdrawal under the RULPA
Other Events of Dissolution
Thinking Strategically
Partnership Formation
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 28.1 Conklin v. Holland, 138 S.W.3d 215 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2003)
CASE SUMMARY 28.2 Rahemtulla v. Hassam, 539 F. Supp. 2d 755 (M.D. Pa. 2008)
CASE SUMMARY 28.3 In re Spree.com Corp., 2001 WL 1518242 (Bankr. E.D. Pa. 2001)
Chapter Review Questions
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Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
Chapter 29: Limited Liability Companies
Introduction
Chapter Overview
Overview of the LLC
Laws Governing LLCs
Formation of the LLC
Capitalization of the LLC
The Operating Agreement
Limited Liability of the Owners
Taxation of the LLC
Dissolution versus Dissociation
Thinking Strategically
Choice of Business Entity
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 29.1 Kaycee Land and Livestock v. Flahive, 46 P.3d 323, Supreme Court of Wyoming (2002)
CASE SUMMARY 29.2 Emprise v. Rumisek, 26 Kan. App. 2d. 760, Court of Appeals of Kansas (2009)
CASE SUMMARY 29.3 Lamprecht v. Jordan, LLC, 75 P.3d 743, Supreme Court of Idaho (2003)
CASE SUMMARY 29.4 Lieberman v. Wyoming.com, LLC, 82 P.3d 274, Supreme Court of Wyoming (2004)
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Chapter 30: Corporations: Formation and Organization
Introduction
Chapter Overview
Corporation as an Entity
Classifications of Corporations
Privately Held versus Publicly Held
Other Categories
Formation and Start-up Issues
Pre-incorporation Activity: Liability of Promoters
Choice of State of Incorporation
Tax Matters
Initial Organizational Meeting
Corporate Formalities
Sources of Financing
Debt
Equity
Venture Capital Firms
Public Offerings
Corporate Veil Protection
Piercing the Corporate Veil
Personal Guarantees
Shareholders, Directors, and Officers
Shareholders
Board of Directors
Officers
Fiduciary Duties of Officers, Directors, and Controlling Shareholders
Duty of Care
Business Judgment Rule
Duty of Loyalty
Thinking Strategically
Strengthening Your Corporate Veil
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 30.1 Miner v. Fashion Enterprises, Inc., 794 N.E.2d 902 (Ill. App. Ct. 1999)
CASE SUMMARY 30.2 Village at Camelback Property Owners Association v. Carr, 538 A.2d 528 (Pa. Super. 1988)
CASE SUMMARY 30.3 Goodman v. Darden, Doman & Stafford Associates 670 P.2d 648 (Wa. 1983)
CASE SUMMARY 30.4 In re the Dow Chemical Company Derivative Litigation, Cons. Civil Action No. 4349-CC. (De. Ct. Chancery 2010)
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Chapter 31: Corporate Transactions: Acquisitions and Mergers
Introduction
Chapter Overview
Types of Corporate Transactions
Some Strategic Aspects of Mergers and Acquisitions
Successor Liability
Fiduciary Duties
Hostile Takeovers
Nuts and Bolts of Corporate Transactions
Thinking Strategically
Successor Liability
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 31.1 Bernard v. Kee Manufacturing Co., Inc., 409 So. 2d 1047 (Fla. 1982)
CASE SUMMARY 31.2 Smith v. Van Gorkom, 488 A.2d 858 (Del. 1985)
CASE SUMMARY 31.3 In re Riverstone National, Inc. Shareholder Litigation, C.A. No. 9796-VCG (Del. Ch. 2016)
CASE SUMMARY 31.4 Terry v. Penn Central Corp., 668 F.2d 188 (3d Cir. 1981)
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Unit Five: Regulation of Securities, Corporate Governance, and Financial Markets
Chapter 32: Overview of the Securities Market: Definition, Categories, and Regulation
Unit Five: Regulation of Securities, Corporate Governance, and Financial Markets
Introduction
Chapter Overview
Fundamentals of Securities Transactions
Role of the Parties in a Securities Transaction
Defining a Security
Federal Securities Law
Modern Application of the Howey Test
Family Resemblance Test
Defining a Seller of Securities
Stock Market Games
Crowdfunding
Blue-Sky Laws: State Securities Law
Categories of Securities
Equity Instruments
Debt Instruments
Peer-to-Peer Lending
Securities Regulation
The Securities and Exchange Commission
EDGAR
State Regulation of Securities
Risk Capital Test
Thinking Strategically
Considering Legal Issues in Financing
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 32.1 Mark v. FSC Securities Corporation, 870 F.2d 331 (6th Cir. 1989)
CASE SUMMARY 32.2 SEC v. ETS Payphones, Inc., 408 F.3d 727 (11th Cir. 2005)
CASE SUMMARY 32.3 Eberhardt v. Waters, 901 F.2d 1578 (11th Cir. 1990)
CASE SUMMARY 32.4 Foltz v. U.S. News and World Report, Inc., 627 F. Supp. 1143 (D.D.C. 1986)
Chapter Review Questions
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Chapter 33: Regulation of Issuance: The Securities Act of 1933
Introduction
Chapter Overview
The Securities Act of 1933
The Process of a Public Offering
Preregistration Documentation
Registration
Filing the Registration Statement and Waiting Period
Postregistration
Exemptions from Registration
Regulation D: Private and Small Transactions
Accredited Investors
Rule 504: Smaller Offerings
Rule 506: Larger Private Placements
Regulation A: Large Exempt Offerings
Disclosures Required
Regulation of Crowdfunding
Rules for Issuers
Rules for Investors
Liability for Violations
Section 11: Misrepresentations in the Registration Statement
Section 12(a)(2): Misrepresentations in Public Offerings
Section 17(a): Liability for Negligent Misrepresentation
Penalties and Remedies
Safe Harbors and Other Defenses
Safe Harbors: The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995
Materiality as a Defense
Bespeaks Caution Doctrine
Thinking Strategically
Facebook’s Special Purpose Vehicle
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 33.1 In re The Vantive Corporation Securities Litigation, 110 F. Supp. 2d 1209 (N.D. Cal. 2000)
CASE SUMMARY 33.2 Mark v. FSC Securities Corporation, 870 F.2d 331 (6th Cir. 1989)
CASE SUMMARY 33.3 P. Stolz Family Partnership L.P. v. Daum, 355 F.3d 92 (2d Cir. 2004)
CASE SUMMARY 33.4 Panther Partners v. Ikanos, 681 F.3d 114 (2d Cir. 2012)
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Chapter 34: Regulation of Trading: The Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Introduction
Chapter Overview
The Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Reporting Companies
Mandatory Disclosures and Records
Section 13: Periodic Disclosure
Section 14: Proxies
Tender Offers
Delisting
Anti-Fraud Provisions
Material Fact
Right of Private Suit
Insider Trading
Traditional Insider Trading
Misappropriation Theory
Tipper-Tippee Liability
Personal Benefit Test
Section 16 Restrictions
Rule 10b-5 and Section 16 in Tandem
Scienter
Thinking Strategically
Noncompliance
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 34.1 Dirks v. SEC, 463 U.S. 646 (1983)
CASE SUMMARY 34.2 United States v. Nacchio, 519 F.3d 1140 (10th Cir. 2008)
CASE SUMMARY 34.3 United States v. Chestman, 947 F.2d 551 (2d Cir. 2008)
CASE SUMMARY 34.4 SEC v. Switzer et al., 503 F. Supp. 756 (W.D. Okla. 1984)
CASE SUMMARY 34.5 SEC v. Obus et al., 693 F.3d 276 (2d Cir. 2012)
Chapter Review Questions
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Chapter 35: Regulation of Corporate Governance
Introduction
Chapter Overview
Governance of Public Companies
The Enron Scandal
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX Act)
Reforms in the Accounting Industry
Financial Reporting
Corporate Governance
Emergency Escrow
The Dodd-Frank Act
Troubled Assets Relief Program (TARP)
Financial Stability Oversight Council
Expansion of SEC Jurisdiction and Enforcement
Corporate Governance
Dodd-Frank Whistleblower Provisions
Thinking Strategically
Cybersecurity and Disclosures
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 35.1 SEC v. Platforms Wireless, 617 F.3d 1072 (9th Cir. 2010)
CASE SUMMARY 35.2 Leon v. IDX Systems Corporation, 464 F.3d 951 (9th Cir. 2006)
CASE SUMMARY 35.3 In re Huffy Corp. Securities Litigation, 577 F. Supp. 2d 968 (D.C. S.D. Ohio 2008)
CASE SUMMARY 35.4 Asadi v. GE Energy, 720 F.3d 620 (5th Cir. 2013)
Chapter Review Questions
Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
Chapter 36: Regulation of Financial Markets
Introduction
Chapter Overview
Types of Financial Markets
Primary and Secondary Capital Markets
The Main Parties in Capital Markets
The Strategic Problem of Systemic Risk
Dodd-Frank
Expanded SEC Jurisdiction and Enforcement
Financial Stability Oversight Council
CEO Pay Ratio Disclosure Rule
Say-on-Pay on Executive Compensation
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
Whistleblower Protections
Thinking Strategically
Dodd-Frank and the Moral Hazard Problem
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 36.1 MetLife, Inc. v. Financial Stability Oversight Council, 177 F. Supp. 3d 219 (2016) (sealed opinion)
CASE SUMMARY 36.2 PHH Corporation v. Consumer Financial Protection Board, 839 F.3d 1 (D.C. Cir. 2016)
CASE SUMMARY 36.3 Digital Realty Trust, Inc. v. Somers, 583 U.S. __ (2018)
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Unit Six: Agency and Employment Law
Chapter 37: Agency Formation, Categories, and Authority
Unit Six: Agency and Employment Law
Introduction
Chapter Overview
Definitions and Sources of Agency Law
Agency Transactions
Creation of an Agency Relationship
Manifestation and Consent
Control
Formalities
Classification of Agents
Employee Agents
Independent Contractors
Gratuitous Agents
Employee Agents versus Independent Contractors: Direction and Control
ABC Test
IRS Three-Prong Test
Liability for Misclassification
Termination of an Agency Relationship
Express Acts
Operation of Law
Thinking Strategically
Limiting Liability for Misclassification
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 37.1 Futrell v. Payday California, Inc. et al., 190 Cal. App. 4th 1419 (8th Div. 2010)
CASE SUMMARY 37.2 Harris v. Vector Marketing Corp., 753 F. Supp. 2d 996 (D.C. N.D. Cal. 2009)
CASE SUMMARY 37.3 A. Gay Jensen Farms Co. v. Cargill, Inc., 309 N.W.2d 285 (Minn. 1981)
CASE SUMMARY 37.4 Estrada v. FedEx Ground Package System, Inc., 64 Cal. Rptr. 3d 327 (2007)
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Chapter 38: Duties and Liabilities of Principals and Agents
Introduction
Chapter Overview
Principals, Agents, and Third Parties
A Principal’s Liability for the Agent’s Contracts
Actual Authority
Apparent Authority
Ratification
Agent’s Contract Liability to Third Parties
Fully Disclosed Agency
Partially Disclosed Agency
Undisclosed Agency
A Principal’s Liability for the Agent’s Torts
Physical Injury Requirement
Scope of Employment
Intentional Torts
Negligent Hiring Doctrine
Independent Contractors
Thinking Strategically
Employee Authority and Supplier Liability
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 38.1 Hannington v. University of Pennsylvania, 809 A.2d 406 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2002)
CASE SUMMARY 38.2 Estrada v. FedEx Ground Package System, Inc., 64 Cal. Rptr. 3d 327 (2007)
CASE SUMMARY 38.3 Edgewater Motels, Inc. v. A. J. Gatzke and Walgreen Company, 277 N.W.2d 11 (Minn. 1979)
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Chapter 39: Employment at Will
Introduction
Chapter Overview
Employment-at-Will Doctrine
Express Contracts
Labor Contracts
Common Law Exceptions
Public Policy Exception
Implied Contracts
Covenant of Good Faith and Fair Dealing
Common Law Tort-Based Exceptions
Statutory Protections for At-Will Employees
False Claims Act
State Laws
Whistleblower Statutes
State Whistleblower Laws
Separate and Independent Defense
Thinking Strategically
Avoiding Implied Contracts
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 39.1 Brundridge v. Fluor Federal Services, Inc., 164 Wash. 2d 432 (2008)
CASE SUMMARY 39.2 Haynes v. Zoological Society of Cincinnati, 652 N.E.2d 948 (Ohio Ct. App. 1995)
CASE SUMMARY 39.3 Gardner v. Loomis Armored, Inc., 913 P.2d 377 (Wash. 1996)
Chapter Review Questions
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Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
Chapter 40: Employment Regulation and Labor Law
Introduction
Chapter Overview
The Fair Labor Standards Act and State Laws
Minimum Wage
Maximum Workweek and Overtime Compensation
Child Labor
State Laws
Retirement and Health Care Benefits
Regulation of Pensions and Retirement Accounts
Social Security Act
Health Care Benefits
Workers’ Compensation and Unemployment Benefits
Defenses to Workers’ Compensation Claims
Intentional Actions or Recklessness of the Employer
Course of Employment
Regulation of Workplace Safety
Unemployment Compensation
The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)
FMLA Scope and Coverage
FMLA Protections
Key Employees
Employee Privacy
Monitoring of E-mail, Internet Usage, and Social Media
Telephone and Voicemail
Drug and Alcohol Testing
Polygraph Testing
Labor Laws and Union Membership
Labor Law
Labor Management Relations Act
Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act
Union Formation
Collective Bargaining
Grievances
Strikes and Other Work Stoppages
Employment Licensing Requirements
Thinking Strategically
Employee Classification
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 40.1 Sisco v. Quicker Recovery, Inc., 180 P.3d 46 (Or. Ct. App. 2008)
CASE SUMMARY 40.2 Sullivan v. U.S. Postal Service, 2011-3220 (Fed. Cir. 2012)
CASE SUMMARY 40.3 Bonilla v. Baker Concrete Construction, 487 F.3d 1340 (2007)
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Chapter 41: Employment Discrimination
Introduction
Chapter Overview
Definitions and Sources of Law
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
Asserting a Discrimination Claim
Primary Federal Workplace Antidiscrimination Statutes
Prescott v. WidgetCo
Title VII
Protected Classes
Sexual Orientation
Theories of Discrimination
Sexual Harassment
Theories of Sexual Harassment
Same-Sex Harassment
Vicarious Liability of Employers
Strict Liability for Harassment by Supervisor
Impact of #MeToo Movement
Remedies
Age Discrimination
Substantially Younger Requirement
Americans with Disabilities Act
Documented-Disability Requirement
ADA Amendments Act of 2008
“Regarded-as” Test
Qualified Individual
Equal Pay Act
Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009
Employer Defenses
Faragher/Ellerth Defense
Business Necessity Defense
Bona Fide Occupation Qualification
Seniority
Employee Misconduct
Affirmative Action Programs
Legality
State Antidiscrimination Statutes
Thinking Strategically
Proactive Harassment Prevention Framework
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 41.1 Dumas v. Union Pacific Railroad Co., 294 Fed. App. 822 (5th Cir. 2008)
CASE SUMMARY 41.2 Harding v. Careerbuilder, LLC, 168 Fed. App. 535 (3d Cir. 2006)
CASE SUMMARY 41.3 U.S. Airways, Inc. v. Barnett, 535 U.S. 391 (2002)
CASE SUMMARY 41.4 Aquino v. Honda of America, Inc., 158 F. App’x 667 (6th Cir. 2005)
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Unit Seven: Regulatory Environment of Business
Chapter 42: Torts and Products Liability
Unit Seven: Regulatory Environment of Business
Introduction
Chapter Overview
Overview of Tort Law
Sources of Law
Products Liability
Tort Classification
Intentional Business-Related Torts
Defamation
Public Figure Standard
Privilege Defenses to Defamation
Trade Libel and Product Disparagement Laws
Fraudulent Misrepresentation
Negligent Misrepresentation
False Imprisonment
Business Competition Torts
Tortious Interference with Existing Contractual Relationship
Tortious Interference with Prospective Advantage
Negligence
Elements of Negligence
Defenses to Negligence Claims
Comparative Negligence
Assumption of the Risk
Strict Liability Torts
Abnormally Dangerous Activities
Products Liability
Negligence
Warranty
Strict Liability
Causation and Damages
Seller’s Defenses
Thinking Strategically
Managing Risk through Liability Waivers
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 42.1 Mattison v. Johnston, 730 P.2d 286 (Ariz. App. 1986)
CASE SUMMARY 42.2 Maher v. Best Western Inn, 717 So. 2d 97 (Fla. App. 5th Dist. 1998)
CASE SUMMARY 42.3 Wurtzel v. Starbucks Coffee Co., 257 F. Supp. 2d 520 (E.D.N.Y. 2003)
CASE SUMMARY 42.4 Coker v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 642 So. 2d 774 (Fla. App. 1st Dist. 1994)
CASE SUMMARY 42.5 Burton v. MDC PGA Plaza Corp., 78 So. 3d 732 (Fla. App. 4th Dist. 2012)
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Chapter 43: Administrative Law
Introduction
Chapter Overview
Administrative Law in a Business Context
Sources of Administrative Law
The U.S. Constitution
Enabling Statutes
The Administrative Procedure Act (APA)
Common Law
Primary Functions of Administrative Agencies
Rulemaking
Licensing
Investigation and Enforcement
Adjudications
Administering Public Benefits
Limits on Administrative Agencies
Legislative Oversight
Executive Control
Judicial Review
Public Accountability
State Administrative Law
Thinking Strategically
Responding to an Administrative Investigation
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 43.1 American Medical Association v. United States Internal Revenue Service, 887 F.2d 760 (7th Cir. 1989)
CASE SUMMARY 43.2 Federal Express Corporation v. Holowecki, 128 S. Ct. 1147 (2008)
CASE SUMMARY 43.3 Ranchers Cattlemen Action Legal Fund United Stockgrowers of America v. U.S. Department of Agriculture, 499 F.3d 1108 (9th Cir. 2007)
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Chapter 44: Consumer Protection
Introduction
Chapter Overview
State Lemon Laws
Deceptive Trade Practices
False Advertising
Telemarketing and the Do Not Call Registry
CAN-SPAM Act
Consumer Review Fairness Act of 2016
Food and Drug Safety
Automobiles
Odometers
Consumer Debt
Credit Transactions
Debt Collection
Thinking Strategically
Negative Online Reviews
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 44.1 Phoenix of Broward, Inc. v. McDonald’s Corp., 489 F.3d 1156 (11th Cir. 2007)
CASE SUMMARY 44.2 Barrer v. Chase Bank USA, 566 F.3d 883 (9th Cir. 2009)
CASE SUMMARY 44.3 Myers v. LHR, Inc., 543 F. Supp. 2d 1215 (S.D. Cal. 2008)
CASE SUMMARY 44.4 U.S. v. Facebook, Inc., Case No. 19-cv-2184 (D.D.C. 2019)
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Chapter 45: Criminal Law and Procedure
Introduction
Chapter Overview
Criminal Law versus Criminal Procedure
Criminal Law and Civil Law
Burden of Proof
Criminal Liability
Act Requirement
Mental Requirement
Defenses
Types of Crimes
Criminal Law and Business Entities
Individual Liability for Business Crimes
Responsible Corporate Officers: The Park Doctrine
White-Collar Crime
Fraud
Ponzi Schemes
Conspiracy
Obstruction of Justice
Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act
Securities Crimes
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
Computer Fraud and Abuse Act
The Criminal Justice System
Investigation
Adjudication
Criminal Procedure
Searches and Arrest
Expectation of Privacy
Plain View Doctrine
Search Incident to Arrest
Search of Business Premises
Self-Incrimination
Production of Business Records
Exclusionary Rule
Good Faith Exception
Thinking Strategically
Developing Corporate Compliance Programs
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 45.1 Bear Stearns & Co. v. Wyler, 182 F. Supp. 2d 679 (N.D. Ill. 2002)
CASE SUMMARY 45.2 Lamb v. Philip Morris, Inc., 915 F.2d 1024 (6th Cir. 1990)
CASE SUMMARY 45.3 United States v. Osborn, No. 3:12-cr-00047-M (N.D. Tex. 2012)
CASE SUMMARY 45.4 State v. Yenzer, 195 P.3d 271 (Kan. Ct. App. 2008)
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Chapter 46: Insurance Law
Introduction
Chapter Overview
The Insurance Business
Types of Insurance Policies
Insurance Contracts
Insurance Pricing
Insurance Regulation
Thinking Strategically
Insurer’s Duty to Settle a Claim in Good Faith
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 46.1 Balentine v. New Jersey Insurance Underwriting Association, 966 A.2d 1098 (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2009)
CASE SUMMARY 46.2 Eyeblaster, Inc. v. Federal Insurance Co., 613 F.3d 797 (8th Cir. 2010)
CASE SUMMARY 46.3 Papudesu v. Medical Malpractice Joint Underwriting Association of Rhode Island, 18 A.3d 495 (R.I. 2011)
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Chapter Review Questions: Answers and Explanations
Chapter 47: Environmental Law
Introduction
Chapter Overview
Impact of Environmental Law on Business
Origins and Sources of Environmental Law
Government Enforcement
Citizen Suit Provisions and Watchdog Groups
National Environmental Policy Act
NEPA Coverage and Procedures
Procedural Steps
The Clean Air Act
Stationary Sources of Air Pollution
Market-Based Approaches
Economic Incentive Theory
Mobile Sources of Air Pollution
Water Pollution Control
The Clean Water Act
Water Quality Regulation
Oil Spills
Drinking Water
Regulation of Solid Waste and Hazardous Materials Disposal
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
Toxic Substances Control Act
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
Superfund
Removal and Remedial Responses
Liability of Principally Responsible Parties (PRPs)
Consent Decrees
Allocation of Liability
Defenses to Liability
Thinking Strategically
Avoiding Environmental Liability in Land Acquisitions
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 47.1 Sierra Club v. El Paso Gold Mines, Inc., 421 F.3d 1133 (10th Cir. 2005)
CASE SUMMARY 47.2 United States v. Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority, 235 F.3d 817 (3d Cir. 2000)
CASE SUMMARY 47.3 William Paxton v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 176 Ohio App. 3d 364 (2008)
CASE SUMMARY 47.4 Beverly E. Black and James A. Black v. George Weston & Stroehmann Bakeries, Inc., U.S. Dist. Ct. (W.D.N.Y. 2008)
CASE SUMMARY 47.5 No Spray Coalition, Inc. v. City of New York, 2000 WL 1401458 (S.D.N.Y. 2000)
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Unit Eight: Property
Chapter 48: Personal Property, Real Property, and Land Use Law
Unit Eight: Property
Introduction
Chapter Overview
Definition and Categories of Property
Tangible Property
Bailments
Leased Personal Property: UCC Article 2A
Real Property
Ownership Rights
Forms of Ownership Interests in Real Property
Sale of Real Property
Adverse Possession
Landlord-Tenant Law
Tenant Rights and Remedies
Landlord Rights and Remedies
Assignment and Subletting
Governmental Regulation of Land Use
Zoning Ordinances
Environmental Regulations
Eminent Domain
Procedure
Public Use
Thinking Strategically
Leveraging a Commercial Lease
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 48.1 Singer Co. v. Stott & Davis Motor Express, Inc. and Stoda Corp., 79 A.2d 227 (N.Y. App. Div. 1981)
CASE SUMMARY 48.2 Chaplin v. Sanders, 676 P.2d 431 (Wash. 1984)
CASE SUMMARY 48.3 Dayenian v. American National Bank and Trust Co. of Chicago, 414 N.E.2d 1199 (Ill. App. Ct. 1980)
CASE SUMMARY 48.4 Amoco Oil Co. v. Jones, 467 N.W.2d 357 (Minn. Ct. App. 1991)
CASE SUMMARY 48.5 Automobile Supply Co. v. Scene-In-Action, 172 N.E. 35 (III. 1930)
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Chapter 49: Wills, Trusts, and Estates
Introduction
Chapter Overview
Key Terms in Wills, Trusts, and Estates
Decedent
Estate
Last Will and Testament (Will)
Codicil
Executor
Intestacy
Freedom of Disposition
Probate
The Strategic Advantages of Trusts
Trusts
Probate Avoidance: Strategic Aspects of Trusts
Death Taxes
The Uniform Codes and the Restatements
Thinking Strategically
Prince’s Vault
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 49.1 Eyerman v. Mercantile Trust Co., 524 S.W.2d 210 (Mo. Ct. App. 1975)
CASE SUMMARY 49.2 Estate of Garrett, 94 A.2d 357 (Pa. 1953)
CASE SUMMARY 49.3 Riggs v. Palmer, 115 N.Y. 506, N.Y. Court of Appeals (1889)
CASE SUMMARY 49.4 North Carolina Department of Revenue v. The Kimberley Rice Kaestner 1992 Family Trust, 588 U.S. ___ (2019)
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Chapter 50: Intellectual Property
Introduction
Chapter Overview
The Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Intellectual Property
Protecting Trade Secrets
Trade Secret Requirements
Infringement through Misappropriation
Criminal Sanctions
Exclusive Rights for Unlimited Duration
Patents
Patent Prosecution
Types of Patents
Patent Eligibility Standards
Requirements for Design Patents
Business Method Patents
Trade Secret versus Patent
Infringement
Notice, Enforcement, and Remedies
Copyrights
Required Elements of a Work
Rights Granted
Registration and Notice
Copyright Infringement
Defenses to Infringement Claims
Trademarks
Trade Dress
Classifications of Trademarks
Acquiring Rights
Applications and the USPTO
First Amendment Concerns
Maintaining the Mark
Policing the Mark
Trademark Infringement
Trademark Dilution
Thinking Strategically
Responding to a Cease and Desist Letter
Key Terms
Case Summaries
CASE SUMMARY 50.1 Harvey Barnett v. Shidler, 338 F.3d 1125 (10th Cir. 2003)
CASE SUMMARY 50.2 In re Reed Elsevier, Inc., 2007 WL 1086403 (Fed. Cir. 2007)
CASE SUMMARY 50.3 KSR International v. Teleflex, 550 U.S. 398 (2007)
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Capstone Case Studies 1
Capstone Case Study 1
Overview and Objectives
THE BLACK BEAR MICRO ROASTERY
A CALL FROM GOLIATH
Capstone Case Studies 2
Capstone Case Study 2
Overview and Objectives
THE ODWALLA JUICE COMPANY’S ORIGINS
“SOIL TO SOUL”
CRISIS ON THE COAST
FALLOUT
ODWALLA TODAY
Capstone Case Studies 3
Capstone Case Study 3
Overview and Objectives
MCDONALD’S PROMOTIONAL GAMES
McDONALD’S STRATEGY
SIMON LAWSUIT AND COUNTERSUIT
SETTLEMENTS AND AFTERMATH
Appendix A: The Constitution of the United States of America
The Constitution of the United States of America
Appendix B: Uniform Commercial Code (Articles 1, 2, 2a and 3)
Uniform Commercial Code (Articles 1, 2, 2a, and 3)
Appendix C: Excerpts from the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Excerpts from the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Glossary
Glossary
Case Index
case index
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
R
S
T
U
V
W
Y
Z
Subject Index
subject index
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
Y
Z
Additional Student Resources
Additional Student Resources
Accessibility Content: Text Alternatives for Images
Figure 1.1 Text Alternative (Chapter 1)
Venn Diagram Depict Text Alternative (Chapter 2)
What's Your Life Worth Text Alternative (Chapter 2)
Figure 2.1 Text Alternative (Chapter 2)
Figure 3.1 Text Alternative (Chapter 3)
Figure 3.2 Text Alternative (Chapter 3)
Figure 3.3 Text Alternative (Chapter 3)
Figure 4.1 Text Alternative (Chapter 4)
Figure 4.2 Text Alternative (Chapter 4)
Figure 4.3 Text Alternative (Chapter 4)
Figure 5.1 Text Alternative (Chapter 5)
Figure 5.2 Text Alternative (Chapter 5)
Figure 6.1 Text Alternative (Chapter 6)
Figure 9.1 Text Alternative (Chapter 9)
Figure 12.1 Text Alternative (Chapter 12)
Figure 12.2 Text Alternative (Chapter 12)
Figure 12.3 Text Alternative (Chapter 12)
Figure 12.4 Text Alternative (Chapter 12)
Figure 13.1 Text Alternative (Chapter 13)
Figure 13.2 Text Alternative (Chapter 13)
Figure 14.1 Text Alternative (Chapter 14)
Figure 15.1 Text Alternative (Chapter 15)
Pie Chart Depicting Text Alternative (Chapter 16)
Figure 17.2 Text Alternative (Chapter 17)
Figure 17.4 Text Alternative (Chapter 17)
Power Sellers Text Alternative (Chapter 18)
Figure 18.2 Text Alternative (Chapter 18)
Airborne Text Alternative (Chapter 18)
Figure 19.2 Text Alternative (Chapter 19)
Figure 19.6 Text Alternative (Chapter 19)
Fabulous Leather Creations Text Alternative (Chapter 19)
Front and Back Sides Text Alternative (Chapter 20)
Holder in Due Course Requirements Text Alternative (Chapter 20)
Figure 21.2 Text Alternative (Chapter 21)
Takeaway Concepts Text Alternative (Chapter 21)
Figure 22.2 Text Alternative (Chapter 22)
Figure 22.3 Text Alternative (Chapter 22)
Figure 23.1 Text Alternative (Chapter 23)
Figure 23.2 Text Alternative (Chapter 23)
Figure 24.1 Text Alternative (Chapter 24)
Takeaway Concepts Text Alternative (Chapter 24)
Takeaway Concepts Regarding Collection Regarding Collection Text Alternative (Chapter 24)
Figure 27.1 Text Alternative (Chapter 27)
Figure 28.4 Text Alternative (Chapter 28)
Figure 28.5 Text Alternative (Chapter 28)
Figure 29.1 Text Alternative (Chapter 29)
Figure 29.2 Text Alternative (Chapter 29)
Figure 29.3 Text Alternative (Chapter 29)
Figure 30.1 Text Alternative (Chapter 30)
Figure 30.2 Text Alternative (Chapter 30)
Takeaway Concepts Text Alternative (Chapter 30)
Figure 31.6 Text Alternative (Chapter 31)
Figure 31.7 Text Alternative (Chapter 31)
Figure 32.3 Text Alternative (Chapter 32)
Figure 36.2 Text Alternative (Chapter 36)
Figure 36.4 Text Alternative (Chapter 36)
Figure 36.5 Text Alternative (Chapter 36)
Figure 38.2 Text Alternative (Chapter 38)
Figure 38.3 Text Alternative (Chapter 38)
Figure 38.4 Text Alternative (Chapter 38)
Figure 39.1 Text Alternative (Chapter 39)
Figure 40.1 Text Alternative (Chapter 40)
Figure 41.1 Text Alternative (Chapter 41)
Negligence Analysis Text Alternative (Chapter 42)
Figure 43.1 Text Alternative (Chapter 43)
Figure 43.2 Text Alternative (Chapter 43)
Figure 43.3 Text Alternative (Chapter 43)
The label from the Fair Text Alternative (Chapter 43)
Figure 44.4 Text Alternative (Chapter 44)
Criminal Law Text Alternative (Chapter 45)
Figure 45.1 Text Alternative (Chapter 45)
Thinking Strategically Text Alternative (Chapter 46)
Figure 47.1 Text Alternative (Chapter 47)
Figure 47.2 Text Alternative (Chapter 47)
Figure 49.2 Text Alternative (Chapter 49)
Figure 50.1 Text Alternative (Chapter 50)
Figure 50.4 Text Alternative (Chapter 50)
