Building Institutions for Resilience: Combatting Climate Change

Foreword
Abstract
Contents
Acronyms
1: Introduction
1.1 Challenges Faced by Developing Countries to Achieve Sustainable Development
1.1.1 Building the Capacity of Institutions to Support Sustainable Development
1.1.2 Policymaker, Leadership and Capacity Development
1.1.3 Top-Down and Bottom-Up Approaches to Climate Change Adaptation
1.2 Leadership and Capacity-Building for Climate Change Adaptation
1.3 Development of a Conceptual Framework for Capacity Development
1.4 The Purpose of the Book: Aim and Objective
1.4.1 Aim of the Book
1.4.2 Objectives of the Book
1.5 Contribution of the Book to New Knowledge
References
2: Literature Review
2.1 Defining Capacity-Building
2.2 Approaches to Capacity-Building
2.3 Strategies for Building Capacity Development
2.4 Strengths and Weaknesses of Capacity-Building Methodologies
2.4.1 Training Workshops
2.4.2 Targeted Coaching and Mentorship
2.4.3 Networking
2.4.4 Self-Driven Learning and Publication
2.5 Capacity Development and Policymakers
2.6 Monitoring and Evaluation of Capacity-Building for CCA
2.7 Benefits of Capacity-Building for Climate Change Adaptation
2.8 Tools for Identifying and Monitoring Capacity-Building
2.8.1 Pitfalls of Government Implementing Climate Actions
2.8.2 Data Collection and Research Methods
2.9 Top-Down and Bottom-Up Approaches to Enhance the Capacity of Institutions for CCA
2.9.1 Top-Down Approach
2.9.2 Bottom-Up Approach
2.9.3 Benefits of Linking Top-Down and Bottom-Up Approaches
2.9.4 Challenges of Implementing Top-Down and Bottom-Up Approaches
2.10 Leadership to Enhance Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience
2.11 Leadership, Gender Mainstreaming and Cooperation for Climate Change Adaptation
2.11.1 Leadership
2.11.2 Gender Mainstreaming
2.12 Review of Conceptual Frameworks on Capacity-Building for Sustainable Development
2.12.1 ACT Conceptual Framework for Strengthening Climate Capabilities (Shakya et al., 2018)
2.12.2 Framework for Capacity-Building for Developing Countries (UNFCCC, 2001)
2.12.2.1 Gaps and Challenges of the Framework
2.12.3 The Adaptation Policy Framework Process (UNDP, 2004)
2.12.4 Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (DfID, 1999)
2.13 New Conceptual Framework for Climate Change Adaptation Capacity-Building in Developing Countries
2.14 Summary of Chapter
References
3: The Caribbean Perspective: Building the Capacity of National Institutions as a Strategy for Enhancing the Resilience of People and Communities to the Impact of Climate Change in St. Vincent and the Grenadines
3.1 Research Methods to Collect Data for Case Studies
3.2 Population Sampling
3.3 Data Collection
3.4 Case Study 1: JEMS Progressive Community Organization – Participatory Integrated Development Model for Bottom-Up Participation of Communities in Building Capacity for Sustainable Development
3.4.1 Historical Context
3.4.2 Overview of St. Vincent and the Grenadines: Geographic and Communities Supported by JEMS
3.4.3 Overview of the JEMS Organization Project
3.4.3.1 Collaboration and Partnership with Development Partners
3.4.3.2 Aim and Objectives of the Projects/Programmes
3.4.4 Strategies and Methodologies Used to Mobilize and Build the Capacity of Communities
3.4.5 Challenges and Risks Faced by the Organization and Communities
3.4.6 Strategies Implemented to Address the Above Challenges/Risks
3.4.6.1 Capacity Development Programmes Implemented by JEMS
3.4.6.2 Adult Education and Literacy
3.4.6.3 Community Cultural Wake Initiative
3.4.6.4 Sports Development
3.4.6.5 Community Education/Infrastructural Development
3.4.6.6 Environmental Awareness and Climate Change
3.4.6.7 Other Development Programmes
Sustainable Agriculture
Disaster Climate Risk and Vulnerability
HIV/AIDS, Drugs, Crime and Violence
3.4.6.8 Lessons Learned from the JEMS Case Study
3.4.6.9 Best Practices Evolved from the JEMS Work
3.4.6.10 Recommendations
3.5 Case Study 2: Top-Down Approach Implemented by the Community Development Division in the Ministry of Social Development, Government of St. Vincent and the Grenadines
3.5.1 The Socio-economic Perspective of St. Vincent and the Grenadines (SVG)
3.5.1.1 The Population of St. Vincent and the Grenadines
3.5.2 Overview of the Community Development Division, Ministry of Housing and Community Services
3.5.2.1 CDD Links and Partnerships with Other Organizations
3.5.3 Strategies Programme Implemented to Build the Capacity of Communities
3.5.3.1 Aided “Self-Help” Approach
3.5.3.2 Community Education
3.5.3.3 Skills for Employment
3.5.3.4 Integrated Village Development (IVD) Programme
3.5.3.5 Cross-Cutting Programmes
3.5.4 Factors for the Success of the CDD Capacity-Building Initiative
3.5.5 Challenges and Risks Faced by the Organization and Communities
3.5.6 Strategies Implemented to Address the Capacity Development Challenges
3.5.6.1 The Methodologies Implemented to Enhance Capacity Development
3.5.7 Lesson Learned
3.5.8 Best Practices
3.5.9 Recommendations
3.6 Summary of Outcomes of the Chapter
References
4: Capacity-Building of Institutions for Climate Change Adaptation and Sustainable Development in a Post-conflict LDC
4.1 Global Youth Network for Empowerment and Development Sierra Leone (GYNED-SL): Bottom-Up Approach to Youth Development and Sustainability Livelihoods in Sierra Leone, West Africa
4.1.1 Global Youth Network for Empowerment and Development Sierra Leone (GYNED-SL)
4.1.2 GYNED Capacity Development Building Initiatives
4.1.3 The Vision and Mission of GYNED-SL
4.1.4 Programmes Implemented
4.1.5 Strengths of GYNED-SL Capacity-Building Initiatives
4.1.6 Weaknesses of the GYNED-SL Development Model
4.1.7 Major Challenges and Strategies for Resolving Such Development Challenges
4.1.8 Capacity Development Problems (Human) Facing the Organization
4.1.9 Methodologies Utilized and Effectiveness in Building the Capacity
4.1.10 Lesson Learned from Implementing the Capacity-Building Programmes
4.1.11 Best Practices Evolving from the Work of GYNED-SL
4.1.12 The Recommendations for Improving the Capacity of the Organization
4.1.13 Conclusion for This Chapter on Capacity-Building
4.2 Youth Empowerment and Employment Programmes (YEEP) in Sierra Leone, 2012–2015: Top-Down Approach to the Implementation of the UNDP/Government of Sierra Leone
4.2.1 The Socio-economic Situation of Sierra Leone
4.2.2 Youth Employment and Empowerment Programme (YEEP)
4.2.3 The Aim and Objectives of the YEEP
4.2.4 Coherence of YEEP Within the UN Joint Vision and PRSP II
4.2.5 The YEEP Project
4.2.6 Overview of YEEP Sub-programmes
4.2.6.1 The Business Development Service (BDS)
4.2.6.2 The Graduate Internship Programme (GIP)
4.2.6.3 The Career Advising and Placement Service (CAPS) Centres
4.2.6.4 Sierra Leone Agricultural Business Initiative (SABI)
4.2.7 The Policy and Institutional Development Programme
4.2.8 Youth Policy and Youth Development Coordination Mechanism in Sierra Leone
4.2.8.1 Agenda for Prosperity
4.2.8.2 National Youth Policy
4.2.8.3 Sierra Leone National Youth Programme, 2014–2018
4.2.9 Methodologies
4.2.10 Semi-structured Interviews
4.2.11 Focus Group Discussions
4.2.12 Production of Film on the YEEP Initiative
4.2.13 Validation Workshop
4.2.13.1 Stakeholders and Their Perspectives
4.2.13.2 The Strengths of the Organization/Programmes
4.2.13.3 Weaknesses
4.2.13.4 Challenges
4.2.13.5 Strategies Implemented to Resolve Organizational Challenges
4.2.13.6 The Capacity Development Problems (Human) Facing the Organization
4.2.13.7 Strategies Implemented to Solve the Human Capacity Development Problems
4.2.13.8 The Methodologies and Their Effectiveness Used to Build Capacity
4.2.13.9 The Key Lessons Learned from Implementing the Capacity Development Programmes
4.2.13.10 The Best Practices
4.2.13.11 The Recommendations for Improving Capacity-Building
References
5: Capacity-Building at the International Level: Stories from the Field
5.1 Case Study on the Commonwealth Youth Programme: Development of Participatory Integrated Development Model to Enhance Capacity-Building and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Among Youth in Member Countries of the Commonwealth (1997–2006
5.1.1 The Situation of Young People in the Commonwealth
5.1.2 The Commonwealth Youth Programme
5.1.2.1 The Uniqueness of the CYP Regional Centre
5.1.2.2 Policy and Governance Approaches Instituted by CYP
5.1.2.3 CYP Conceptual Framework on Youth Empowerment
5.1.2.4 Global Youth Development Index (GYDI)
5.1.3 Aim and Objectives of CYP
5.1.4 Capacity-Building Programmes Implemented by CYP
5.1.5 Piloting Other CYP Capacity-Building Programmes
5.1.6 Initiatives with Partners at the Global Level
5.1.7 Cutting Issues
5.1.8 Strengths of the CYP Capacity-Building Programme
5.1.9 Weaknesses of the Capacity-Building Initiatives
5.1.10 Capacity-Building Challenges Encountered by CYP
5.1.11 Strategies for Resolving the Capacity-Building Challenges
5.1.12 The Capacity-Building Methodologies Utilized by CYP
5.1.13 Lessons Learned
5.1.14 Best Practices
5.1.15 Recommendations
5.2 Case Study on Caribbean Youth Environment Network (CYEN): Providing a Voice for the Voiceless People of the Caribbean Region
5.2.1 The Mission and Vision of CYEN
5.2.2 Programmes Implemented by CYEN
5.2.3 Strengths of the Caribbean Youth Environment Network
5.2.4 Weaknesses Identified by the Organization
5.2.5 Challenges Identified by the Organization and Communities
5.2.6 Approaches to Resolve the Challenges Encountered by the Organization
5.2.7 The Capacity Development Problems Faced by CYEN
5.2.8 Strategies for Resolving the Human Capacity Development Problems
5.2.9 Capacity-Building Methodologies Are Used by CYEN to Train Young People
5.2.10 The Effectiveness of the Methods Used by the Organization in Its Capacity-Building Programme
5.2.11 Key Lessons
5.2.12 Best Practices
5.2.13 Recommendations
5.3 Case Study on Capacity-Building for RAY, Northern Uganda (1997–2013)
5.3.1 The Conflict and Refugee Crisis in Northern Uganda
5.3.2 The Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC) in Uganda
5.3.3 The Recovery of Acholi Youth (RAY) Project
5.3.4 Project Aim and Objectives of the Project
5.3.5 Methodologies Implemented to Collect Data for the Project
5.3.6 Components of the RAY Capacity-Building Programmes
5.3.7 The Strengths of the RAY Project
5.3.8 Weaknesses of the RAY Project
5.3.9 Challenges Identified in Enhancing the Capacity of the RAY
5.3.10 Capacity-Building Problems and Strategies Implemented to Address These Challenges
5.3.11 Methodologies Utilized and Their Effectiveness in Enhancing Capacity-Building
5.3.12 Lesson Learned
5.3.13 Best Practices
5.3.14 Recommendations
5.3.15 Summary of Conclusion
References
6: Reflections and Guidance for Implementing Capacity-Building Climate Resilience Programmes
6.1 Summary of the Climate Change Stressors and Drivers Impacting the People and Their Communities
6.2 A Caribbean Perspective: An Analysis of Bottom-Up and Top-Down Approaches Utilized to Implement Capacity-Building Programmes in St Vincent and the Grenadines (Chap. 3)
6.2.1 Strengths of the Capacity-Building Programmes
6.2.2 Weaknesses of the Capacity Development Programmes
6.2.3 Capacity-Building Methodologies
6.2.4 Challenges to Capacity-Building
6.2.5 Lesson Learned and Good Practices
6.3 A West African Perspective: An Analysis of Bottom-Up and Top-Down Approaches Utilized to Implement Capacity-Building Programmes in Sierra Leone (Chap. 4)
6.3.1 Strengths of the Institutional Capacity-Building Programmes
6.3.2 Weaknesses of the Institutions/Programmes
6.3.3 Capacity-Building Methodologies and Their Effectiveness
6.3.4 Lessons Learned and Good Practices
6.4 An International Perspective: An Analysis of Bottom-Up and Top-Down Approaches Utilized to Implement Capacity-Building Programmes (Commonwealth Youth Programme, Caribbean Youth Environment Network (CYEN) and Recovery of Acholi Youth (RAY) Pr
6.4.1 Top-Down, Bottom-Up and Hybrid Approaches to Capacity-Building
6.4.2 Strengths of Capacity-Building Programmes
6.4.3 Weaknesses of Capacity-Building Programmes
6.4.4 Capacity-Building Methodologies and Their Effectiveness
6.4.5 Lessons Learned and Best Practices
6.5 Review of the Application of the New Conceptual Framework for Building Capacity for Climate Change Adaptation in Developing Countries, the Limitation and Pertinence of the Booking, Including Best Practices and Lessons Learned
6.5.1 Climate Change Adaptation Framework for Capacity-Building in Developing Countries
6.5.2 The Contribution of the Research to New Knowledge
6.5.3 Limitations of the Climate Change Adaptation Framework for Capacity-Building in Developing Countries
6.6 Further Research
6.7 Lessons Learned and Good Practices
6.8 Recommendations for Future
References
Appendix: Questions for Key Informants (These Were Administered as a Questionnaire or as Interviews)
Glossary
Index