Building broadband networks

BUILDING BROADBAND NETWORKS......Page 1
Preface......Page 5
The Author......Page 8
Acknowledgments......Page 9
Table of Contents......Page 10
1.2 PURPOSE......Page 45
Contents......Page 0
1.4 ISDN FEATURES AND FUNCTIONS......Page 46
1.5.1 BASIC ISDN INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS......Page 47
1.5.3 ISDN TERMINAL EQUIPMENT (TE)......Page 48
1.5.7 ISDN RREFERENCE POINTS......Page 49
1.6.3 H (HYPER) CHANNEL......Page 50
1.7.2.1 North America and Japan......Page 51
1.8 ISDN FRAMES......Page 52
1.9.3 ISDN USER-TO-NETWORK SIGNALING PROTOCOL......Page 54
1.9.3.1 Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model......Page 55
1.10 AMERICAN STANDARDS ORGANIZATIONS AND ACTIVITIES......Page 56
1.10.2.2 National ISDN-Phase 1 (NI-1)......Page 57
1.10.4 NORTH AMERICAN ISDN USERS FORUM (NIUF)......Page 58
1.11.1.3 ITU-T H.323 Recommendation......Page 59
1.11.1.5 ITU-T I-Series of Recommendations......Page 61
1.12.1.1 AO/DI Functions......Page 62
1.13 ISDN MARKETPLACE......Page 63
1.14.2 N-ISDN (NARROWBAND-ISDN)......Page 65
1.15.2.1 Huntsville School System......Page 66
1.15.3.3 Los Angeles Harbor and West Valley Community Colleges......Page 67
1.15.4.3 Nova Southeastern University (NSU)......Page 68
1.15.8.1 Dexter Community Schools and MichNet (Michigan Network)......Page 69
1.15.10.3 New York University......Page 70
1.15.14.1 City of Houston School District......Page 71
1.15.16.2 University of WisconsinÒExtension Educational......Page 72
1.16.3.1 Children’s Network......Page 73
1.16.4.4 University of Ulster......Page 74
1.17.4 HARMONIZED ACCESS AND RETRIEVAL FOR MUSIC ORIENTED NETWORK INFORMATION CONCERTED ACTION (HARMONICA)......Page 75
1.18.2.1 Blacksburg Electronic Village (BEV)......Page 76
1.19.1.1 U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)......Page 77
1.19.4.1 Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science......Page 78
1.19.6.3 University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics (UIHC) and the Iowa......Page 79
1.19.7.1 Delta Rural Health Network (DRHN)......Page 80
1.19.9.3 Pennsylvania (PA) HealthNet......Page 81
1.19.11.1 Fletcher Allen Health Care (FAHC) and the University......Page 82
1.20.1.1 Canadian Rural Medicine Network (CARMEN)......Page 83
1.21 EUROPEAN COMMISSION TELEMATICS APPLICATIONS PROGRAM (EC-TAP) TELEMEDICINE PROJECTS......Page 84
1.22 EUROPEAN COMMISSION (EC) ELECTRONIC COMMERCE (E-COMMERCE) INITIATIVES......Page 85
1.22.5 TELELOPOLIS......Page 86
1.24 ISDN IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS......Page 87
1.25 SUMMARY......Page 88
1.26 SELECTED WEB SITES......Page 89
2.2 PURPOSE......Page 91
2.3.3 JOINT ATM EXPERIMENT ON EUROPEAN SERVICES (JAMES)......Page 92
2.3.6 JAMES AND TEN-34 OPERATIONS AND TECHNICAL CONTRIBUTIONS......Page 93
2.3.7 QUALITY NETWORK TECHNOLOGY FOR USER-ORIENTED MULTIMEDIA (QUANTUM) PROGRAM......Page 94
2.3.10 QUALITY OF NETWORK TECHNOLOGY FOR USER-ORIENTED MULTIMEDIA IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN REGION (Q-MED) PROJECT......Page 95
2.4.1 ATM FORUM......Page 96
2.4.4 INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS UNION-TELECOMMUNICATIONS STANDARDS SECTOR (ITU-T)......Page 97
2.5.1 ATM CELL......Page 98
2.6 ATM PROTOCOL STACK......Page 99
2.7.1 SVCS (SWITCHED VIRTUAL CIRCUITS) AND PVCS (PERMANENT VIRTUAL CIRCUITS)......Page 100
2.7.2.1 User-to-Network Interfaces (UNIs), Network-to-Node and ..........Page 101
2.7.3 ATM CLASS OF SERVICE (COS) AND QUALITY OF SERVICE (QOS)......Page 102
2.8 IP-OVER-ATM......Page 103
2.8.3 MULTIPROTOCOL-......Page 104
2.8.4.1 Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) MPLS Working Group......Page 105
2.9.2 DANTÉ AND IPV6......Page 106
2.9.5 IPV6 TRANSIT ACCESS POINT (6TAP)......Page 107
2.9.8.1 MBone (Multicast Backbone) Operations......Page 108
2.9.8.4 IETF Inter-Domain Multicast Routing (IDMR) Working Group......Page 109
2.10.2 EUROPEAN SERVICES ATM INTEROPERABILITY (EASI) INITIATIVE......Page 110
2.11.2 ATM EMULATED LANS (LANES)......Page 111
2.12.2.2 University of Kansas......Page 114
2.14.1.1 Aurora......Page 115
2.14.3.1 MAGIC-I......Page 116
2.15.1 COLLABORATIVE ADVANCED INTERNET RESEARCH NETWORK ( CAIRN)......Page 117
2.15.2.2 ESnet Infrastructure......Page 118
2.16.2 I2 TECHNICAL FUNDAMENTALS......Page 119
2.16.3.3 Mid-Atlantic (Middle-Atlantic) Crossroads (MAX)......Page 120
2.16.4 PEERING RELATIONSHIPS......Page 121
2.17.1 VBNS+ FOUNDATIONS......Page 122
2.18.1.1 California Research and Education Network-Phase 2 (CalREN-2)......Page 125
2.18.3.1 PeachNet and PeachNet2 (PeachNet Phase 2)......Page 126
2.18.4.1 Boston University (BU)......Page 127
2.18.7.1 Great Plains Network (GPN)......Page 128
2.18.10.1 New York State Education and Research Network, Year 2000......Page 129
2.18.13.1 Network for Engineering and Research in Oregon (NERO)......Page 130
2.18.15.1 Net.Work.Virginia (NWV)......Page 131
2.19.1.1 Canadian Network for the Advancement of Research, Industry, and......Page 132
2.19.1.4 CA*net II RANs (Regional Advanced Networks) and GigaPoPs......Page 133
2.19.2.1 Research Institute for Open Communications Systems......Page 134
2.19.4.1 SuperJANET4 (Super JOINT ACADEMIC NETWORK, PHASE 4)......Page 135
2.20.2.2 University of Southern California (USC)......Page 137
2.21.1.1 Manitoba Telemedicine Research and Development Pilot Project......Page 138
2.22.1.1 City of Denver......Page 139
2.23.2 COLLABORATIVE BROWSING......Page 140
2.25.2 INTERNET......Page 141
2.26 ATM IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS......Page 142
2.27 SUMMARY......Page 143
2.28 SELECTED WEB SITES......Page 144
3.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 146
3.3 SONET/SDH FOUNDATIONS......Page 147
3.4.1 SONET STS (SYNCHRONOUS TRANSPORT SIGNALS) AND OC (OPTICAL CARRIER) LEVELS......Page 148
3.4.4 SONET/SDH OPERATIONS......Page 149
3.4.5 SONET/SDH ARCHITECTURE......Page 150
3.5.2 TIME-DIVISION MULTIPLEXING (TDM)......Page 151
3.6.1 ALLIANCE FOR TELECOMMUNICATION INDUSTRY SOLUTIONS (ATIS)......Page 152
3.6.3 INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS UNION-TELECOMMUNICATIONS......Page 153
3.8 SONET/SDH MARKETPLACE......Page 154
3.9.1 ABILENE NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE......Page 155
3.10.1 ATDNET TECHNICAL FUNDAMENTALS......Page 156
3.11.1 MREN TECHNICAL FUNDAMENTALS......Page 157
3.11.2.2 Multi-Modal Organizational Research and Production......Page 158
3.12.3.1 North Carolina GigaNet (NCGN)......Page 159
3.12.3.3.1 NCIH Educational Initiatives......Page 160
3.12.3.3.3.1 North Carolina Healthcare Information and Communications Alliance (NCHICA)......Page 161
3.12.4.1 BadgerNet......Page 162
3.14.1 POS FEATURES AND FUNCTIONS......Page 163
3.14.3.1 BellSouth......Page 164
3.15.1 ALL-OPTICAL NETWORKS (AONS)......Page 165
3.15.3 ATM PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORKS (APONS)......Page 167
3.16.1 WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXING (WDM) FUNDAMENTALS......Page 168
3.16.3 WDM AND TIME-DIVISION MULTIPLEXING (TDM)......Page 169
3.17.2 DWDM NETWORK ELEMENTS......Page 170
3.17.4 WDM AND DWDM NETWORK SERVICES......Page 171
3.19.1 CAMBRIAN COMMUNICATIONS......Page 172
3.19.5 GLOBAL CROSSING......Page 173
3.19.8.1 Lucent Technologies WaveWrapper Solution......Page 174
3.19.9.1 MFN Implementations......Page 175
3.20 DARPA BROADBAND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (BIT)......Page 176
3.20.4 MULTIWAVELENGTH OPTICAL NETWORK (MONET)......Page 177
3.20.5 NATIONAL TRANSPARENT OPTICAL NETWORK, PHASE II......Page 178
3.20.7 WDM......Page 179
3.21.1.1 Research and Demonstration of a Next-Generation Internet......Page 180
3.22 INTERNATIONAL OPTICAL RESEARCH NETWORK INITIATIVES......Page 181
3.22.1.1.3 CA*net3 Initiatives in the Educational Domain......Page 182
3.22.2.1 Centre for Communications Systems Research (CCSR)......Page 183
3.23.4 OPTICAL PAN-EUROPEAN NETWORK (OPEN)......Page 184
3.24.3 METEOR......Page 185
3.25.3 FLAG (FIBER OPTIC LINK AROUND THE GLOBE) TELECOM......Page 186
3.25.4.2 Atlantis-2 Undersea Network......Page 187
3.25.7 SOUTH ATLANTIC TELEPHONE/WESTERN CABLE/SOUTHERN AFRICA......Page 188
3.26 SUMMARY......Page 189
3.27 SELECTED WEB SITES......Page 190
4.2 PURPOSE......Page 192
4.3 FOUNDATIONS......Page 193
4.4.2 CARRIER SENSE MULTIPLE ACCESS WITH COLLISION DETECTION (CSMA/CD) PROTOCOL......Page 194
4.5 TECHNICAL FUNDAMENTALS......Page 195
4.5.1 ETHERNET PROTOCOL STACK......Page 196
4.5.3 ETHERNET TRANSMISSION CAPABILITIES......Page 197
4.6.2 ETHERNET INSTALLATIONS......Page 198
4.6.3.3 10BASE-T......Page 199
4.6.3.4.3 10BASE-FP......Page 200
4.6.6 10 MBPS ETHERNET TO 100 MBPS FAST ETHERNET MIGRATION......Page 201
4.7.2.1 100BASE-T......Page 202
4.7.3 FAST E THERNET SWITCHES......Page 203
4.8.2 FAST ETHERNET CONSORTIUM......Page 204
4.8.4.1 100VG-AnyLAN......Page 205
4.8.4.2 Fiber Data Distributed Interface (FDDI)......Page 206
4.9.1 GIGABIT ETHERNET FUNCTIONS......Page 207
4.9.4 IEEE 802.3Z OR FIBER OPTIC GIGABIT ETHERNET IMPLEMENTATIONS......Page 208
4.10.2 1000BASE-LX......Page 209
4.10.5 IEEE 802.3AB......Page 210
4.11.2 REAL-TIME TRANSIT PROTOCOL (RTP)......Page 211
4.12.2 MULTIPROTOCOL LABEL SWITCHING (MPLS)......Page 212
4.13.4 IETF (INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE) IPNG......Page 213
4.14.3 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN SPECIFICATION......Page 214
4.15.2 IEEE 802.1P AND IEEE 802.1Q OPERATIONS......Page 215
4.17.2 GIGABIT ETHERNET CLASS OF SERVICE (COS) ASSURANCES AND ATM QUALITY OF SERVICE (QOS) GUARANTEES......Page 216
4.17.3 GIGABIT ETHERNET LANS AND ATM LANES (LAN EMULATIONS)......Page 217
4.19 GIGABIT ETHERNET IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS......Page 218
4.20.2 10 GIGABIT ETHERNET OPERATIONS......Page 220
4.21.1 10 GIGABIT ETHERNET ALLIANCE (10GEA)......Page 221
4.22.1 10 GIGABIT OPTICAL ETHERNET......Page 222
4.23.4 LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES......Page 223
4.24 WIRELESS ETHERNET SOLUTIONS......Page 224
4.25.2.1 HomePNA 1.0 Specification......Page 225
4.25.3 HOMEPNA INSTALLATIONS......Page 226
4.25.5.1 Intel Corporation......Page 227
4.25.6.3 Jini Network Technology......Page 228
4.26.2.2 United States (U.S.) Navy Postgraduate School (NPS)......Page 229
4.26.4.1 Butler University......Page 230
4.26.8.1 Washington University School of Law......Page 231
4.26.11.2 New York City School System......Page 232
4.26.13.2 Western Heights School District......Page 233
4.26.17.1 University of Puerto Rico Educational Network (UPRENET)......Page 234
4.27.3.1 City of Tampere InfoCircle Metropolitan Network......Page 235
4.28.1 U.S. DEPARTMENT......Page 236
4.29.2.1 University of Rochester Medical Center......Page 237
4.31 ETHERNET PLANNING GUIDELINES......Page 238
4.32 SUMMARY......Page 239
4.33 SELECTED WEB SITES......Page 240
5.3 FRAME RELAY FOUNDATIONS......Page 242
5.4 FRAME RELAY FORUM......Page 243
5.6 FRAME RELAY OPERATIONS......Page 244
5.7.1 FRAME RELAY TRANSMISSION......Page 245
5.7.3.1 Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVCs)......Page 246
5.7.6.1 Committed Information Rate (CIR) and Committed Burst......Page 248
5.7.7.2 FR Internetworking Devices......Page 249
5.8.2.1 Internet Engineering Task Force (ETF) Frame Relay Security Protocols......Page 250
5.8.4 FRAME RELAY VPN MERITS AND CONSTRAINTS......Page 251
5.9 FRAME RELAY INTERWORKING IMPLEMENTATION AGREEMENTS (IAs)......Page 252
5.9.3.1 The Frame Relay Forum and the ATM Forum......Page 253
5.9.4 FRAME RELAY AND DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE (DSL)......Page 254
5.11.2 CISCO SYSTEMS......Page 255
5.11.5 GTS......Page 256
5.11.10 WORLDCOM......Page 257
5.12.2.1 California Institute of Technology (Cal Tech)......Page 258
5.12.2.8 San Jose Education Network (SJEN)......Page 259
5.12.7.1 Springfield Public School System......Page 260
5.12.11.2 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech)......Page 261
5.13.4.1 Sabah.Net......Page 262
5.14.1 GENERAL SERVICE ADMINISTRATION ( GSA)......Page 263
5.16.4.1 Nebraska State Government Initiative......Page 264
5.17.3.1 French National Employment Agency......Page 265
5.18.1 VETERANS HEALTH ADMINISTRATION ( VHA)......Page 266
5.19.4.1 GTS Hungary......Page 267
5.20 FRAME RELAY IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS......Page 268
5.21 FRAME RELAY SUMMARY......Page 269
5.23 FIBRE CHANNEL FOUNDATIONS......Page 270
5.24.2.1 FCA Fibre Channel Loop Community (FCLC) Working Group......Page 271
5.25.1 FIBRE CHANNEL TRANSMISSION......Page 272
5.27 FIBRE CHANNEL OPERATIONS......Page 273
5.27.2.3 Fibre Channel Class-4......Page 274
5.28 FIBRE CHANNEL AND SMALL COMPUTER SYSTEMS INTERFACE (SCSI)......Page 275
5.31.1 FC SAN OPERATIONS......Page 276
5.31.2 FC SAN APPLICATIONS......Page 277
5.31.3.2 Storage Area Networks, Limited......Page 278
5.32.1 RAID ADVISORY COMMITTEE......Page 279
5.33.2.2 HIPPI Transmission Fundamentals......Page 280
5.33.2.6 GSN Specification......Page 281
5.33.3 INFINIBAND ARCHITECTURE......Page 282
5.34 FIBRE CHANNEL IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS......Page 283
5.35 FIBRE CHANNEL SUMMARY......Page 284
5.36 SELECTED WEB SITES......Page 285
6.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 287
6.3 DSL FOUNDATIONS......Page 288
6.4.1.2 European Union......Page 289
6.5 DSL TECHNOLOGIES......Page 290
6.5.2 DISCRETE MULTITONE TECHNOLOGY (DMT) MODULATION......Page 291
6.6.1 COMMITTEE T1......Page 292
6.6.2.2 Voice-over-DSL (VoDSL) Working Group......Page 293
6.7.1 ADSL FOUNDATIONS......Page 294
6.7.2 ADSL OPERATIONS......Page 295
6.7.4 POTS (PLAIN OLD TELEPHONE SERVICE) SPLITTER......Page 296
6.7.5 ADSL TRANSMISSION FUNDAMENTALS......Page 297
6.7.7.2 International Telecommunications Union-Telecommunications......Page 298
6.7.8.1 Cisco Systems......Page 299
6.7.9.4.1 Snelnet Project......Page 300
6.7.10 ADSL IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS......Page 301
6.8.3.1 ITU-T (Internet Telecommunications Union-Telecommunications......Page 302
6.9.1 CONSUMER DSL (CDSL) FEATURES AND FUNCTIONS......Page 303
6.11.1 HIGH-BIT RATE DSL, PHASE 1 (HDSL1)......Page 304
6.12.1 SHDSL FEATURES AND FUNCTIONS......Page 305
6.13.2 SDSL TRANSMISSION FUNDAMENTALS......Page 306
6.14.4.1 Asymmetric VDSL Capabilities......Page 307
6.14.5.3 VDSL Coalition......Page 308
6.14.6.4 Telecom Portugal......Page 309
6.15.2 IDSL AND ISDN PARALLELS AND CONTRASTS......Page 310
6.16.2 NEWBRIDGE NETWORKS......Page 311
6.16.4.1 EtherLoop Technical Features......Page 312
6.19.1 ADVANCED MULTIMEDIA SERVICES FOR RESIDENTIAL USERS ( AMUSE)......Page 313
6.21 DSL IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS......Page 314
6.22.1 CABLE MODEM TECHNOLOGY......Page 315
6.23 DSL SUMMARY......Page 316
6.25.1 TELECOMMUNICATIONS ACT OF 1996......Page 318
6.27.1 FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION ( FCC)......Page 319
6.28.3 EUROPEAN TELECOMMUNICATIONS STANDARDS INSTITUTE (ETSI)......Page 320
6.29 NATIONAL POWERLINE NETWORKING TRIALS AND VENDOR IMPLEMENTATIONS......Page 321
6.29.4 ALTCOM......Page 322
6.29.10 ENIKIA......Page 323
6.29.13 INTELLON......Page 324
6.30.1 MAINE. NET COMMUNICATIONS PLC......Page 325
6.33 POWERLINE NETWORK IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS......Page 326
6.35 SELECTED WEB SITES......Page 327
7.3 FOUNDATIONS......Page 329
7.4 TELECOMMUNICATIONS ACT OF 1996......Page 330
7.5.3.1 Com21 and Palo Alto Cable......Page 331
7.5.4.1.1 Nortel Networks......Page 333
7.6.1 CABLE NETWORK TRANSMISSION FUNDAMENTALS......Page 334
7.7 CABLE NETWORK PROTOCOLS......Page 335
7.7.3 QUADRATURE PHASE SHIFT KEY (QPSK) AND QUADRATURE......Page 337
7.7.5 VECTOR-ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY-DIVISION MULTIPLEXING (V-OFDM)......Page 338
7.9.1.1 Multimedia Cable Network System (MCNS)......Page 339
7.9.2 CABLE TELEVISION LABORATORIES (CABLEL ABS) OVERVIEW......Page 340
7.9.3.1 DOCSIS 1.1 Features and Functions......Page 341
7.9.3.2 DOCSIS 2.0 Specifications......Page 342
7.9.6 CABLELABS CABLEHOME INITIATIVE......Page 343
7.9.8.1 IEEE 1394 High-Performance Serial Bus Specification and Universal......Page 344
7.9.8.2 OpenCable Marketplace......Page 345
7.11.1 EUROCABLE LABS OVERVIEW......Page 346
7.11.4.1 International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and the European......Page 347
7.11.8 DIGITAL VIDEO BROADCASTING (DVB) PROJECT......Page 348
7.11.8.5 DVB-RCC (Return Channel for Cable Service)......Page 349
7.12.1 CABLE BROADBAND FORUM......Page 350
7.12.3.1 ITU-T Video Quality Experts Working Group......Page 351
7.12.3.5 ITU-T J.117 Recommendation......Page 352
7.12.7 WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS ASSOCIATION (WCA)......Page 354
7.13.2 AT&T MEDIAONE......Page 355
7.14 WIRELINE CABLE COMPETITOR SOLUTIONS......Page 357
7.15 WIRELINE CABLE NETWORK IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS......Page 358
7.16.3 OPERATIONS......Page 359
7.17 MULTICHANNEL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM (MDS)......Page 360
7.18 INSTRUCTIONAL TELEVISION FIXED SERVICE (ITFS)......Page 361
7.20.2 MMDS OPERATIONS......Page 362
7.20.5 MMDS VENDOR INITIATIVES......Page 364
7.21.3 LMDS IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS......Page 365
7.21.5.2 Eagle Wireless International......Page 366
7.22.1 MCS FEATURES AND FUNCTIONS......Page 367
7.24.1 MVDS FUNDAMENTALS......Page 368
7.25.1.1 Mojave CC (Community College) Connectivity Initiative......Page 369
7.25.4.2 University System of Georgia (USG)......Page 370
7.25.8.1 AT&T MediaOne Connections Program......Page 371
7.25.9.3 Monnett Public School System......Page 372
7.25.12.1 South Carolina Educational Television (SCETV)......Page 373
7.25.14.2.2 Virginia Tech and the Center for Wireless Telecommunications......Page 374
7.26.2.1 University of Hanover......Page 375
7.27.2.1 University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB)......Page 376
7.29.3 INTEGRATED BROADBAND COMMUNICATIONS ON BROADCAST NETWORKS......Page 377
7.31 SUMMARY......Page 378
7.32 SELECTED WEB SITES......Page 379
8.2 PURPOSE......Page 381
8.4.1 CELLULAR TECHNICAL FUNDAMENTALS......Page 382
8.4.2 CELLULAR HANDOFFS......Page 383
8.5.1 RF SPECTRUM BASICS......Page 384
8.5.3.1 FCC Spectral Allocations......Page 385
8.6.1 ALLIANCE FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY SOLUTIONS (ATIS)......Page 386
8.6.4.1 Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA) Specification......Page 387
8.6.5 MOBILITY FOR EMERGENCY AND SAFETY APPLICATIONS (MESA)......Page 388
8.8.1 TIME-DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS (TDMA) OPERATIONS......Page 389
8.9.3 CDPD M ARKETPLACE......Page 390
8.10.1.1 Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA)......Page 391
8.11.2 CDMA2000......Page 392
8.12.1 W-CDMA OPERATIONS AND SERVICES......Page 393
8.13.1 WAP CAPABILITIES, OPERATIONS, AND SERVICES......Page 394
8.13.2 WAP FORUM AND THE WAP 2.0 SPECIFICATION......Page 395
8.13.6 WAP MARKETPLACE......Page 396
8.14.2.1 Motorola and AT&T......Page 397
8.15.2 BASIC GSM CONFIGURATION......Page 398
8.15.5 SATELLITE TECHNOLOGIES......Page 400
8.15.7.1 Short Messaging Service (SMS) and Cellular Broadcasts......Page 402
8.15.8.3 GSM Association......Page 403
8.15.8.9 North American GSM Alliance......Page 404
8.15.9.3 Telenor Satellite Tracking System......Page 405
8.16.1 GPRS FEATURES AND FUNCTIONS......Page 406
8.16.3 GPRS M-SERVICES......Page 407
8.16.6 GPRS MARKETPLACE......Page 408
8.17.2 DECT AND GSM......Page 409
8.17.5 DECT AND PERSONAL HANDYPHONE SYSTEM (PHS) SOLUTIONS......Page 410
8.18.2 SDR OPERATIONS......Page 411
8.19.2 IMT-2000 INFRASTRUCTURE......Page 412
8.19.4 IMT-2000 CONFIGURATIONS......Page 413
8.19.5.2 International Telecommunications Union-Telecommunications Standards Sector ( ITU- T) and IMT- 2000 Recommendations......Page 414
8.19.5.3 International Telecommunications Union-Radio Communications Sector ( ITU- R)......Page 415
8.19.5.4.1 WRC-2000 At the World Radiocommunications Conference (WRC) in 2000 (WRC-2000), spectral allocations above the 71 GHz spectral block were allocated for scientific initiatives pertaining to radio astronomy, satellite probing of the earth’s natur......Page 416
8.20.2 UMTS CAPABILITIES......Page 417
8.20.4 UNIVERSAL TERRESTRIAL RADIO ACCESS (UTRA) TECHNOLOGY......Page 418
8.20.6 UMTS AND IMT-2000......Page 420
8.20.7.3 UMTS Forum......Page 421
8.21.1 TDMA-EDGE APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES......Page 422
8.23.2 SECURITY FOR PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY (ASPECT)......Page 423
8.24.4 TIGRA......Page 424
8.26 CELLULAR HEALTH AND SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS 8.26.1 HEALTH AND SAFETY ISSUES......Page 425
8.27 SUMMARY......Page 426
8.28 SELECTED WEB SITES......Page 427
9.2 PURPOSE......Page 428
9.4.1.1 Serial Infrared (SIR), Fast Infrared (FIR), and Advanced Infrared (AIR)......Page 429
9.4.3 INFRAREDIMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS......Page 430
9.5.3.1 Airlinx Communications......Page 431
9.6.2 SPREAD SPECTRUM FOUNDATIONS......Page 432
9.6.4.2 United Kingdom Radio Communications Agency......Page 433
9.6.5.3 Spread Spectrum Services and Applications......Page 434
9.6.6.3 Ericsson Mobitex Solutions......Page 435
9.6.6.6 Metricom Ricochet Network......Page 436
9.7.1 MICROWAVE TECHNICAL FUNDAMENTALS......Page 437
9.7.4 MICROWAVE IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS......Page 438
9.9 STANDARDS ORGANIZATIONS AND ACTIVITIES......Page 439
9.9.2.1 Unlicensed-National Information Infrastructure (U-NII) Spectral Bands......Page 440
9.9.4 EUROPEAN CONFERENCE OF POSTAL AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS ADMINISTRATION ( CEPT)......Page 441
9.10 WIRELESS NETWORK PROTOCOLS......Page 442
9.10.4 WIDEBAND-ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY-DIVISION MULTIPLEXING......Page 443
9.11.1.2 IEEE 802.11b Extension......Page 444
9.12.3.1 Personal Computer Memory Card International Association ( PCMCIA)......Page 445
9.12.5 BROADBAND FWA ETHERNET LAN MARKETPLACE......Page 446
9.13.1 WIRELESS ETHERNET COMPATIBILITY ALLIANCE (WECA)......Page 447
9.14.2 HIPERLAN-1 AND HIPERLAN-2 CAPABILITIES......Page 448
9.15.2 WPAN DEVICES......Page 449
9.15.5.2 IEEE 802.15 Coexistence Task Group (TG2)......Page 450
9.16.2 BLUETOOTH TRANSMISSION BASICS......Page 451
9.17.1 WHN FEATURES AND FUNCTIONS......Page 452
9.17.4.1 SWAP-CA (Shared Wireless Access Protocol-Cordless Access) Forum......Page 454
9.18.2 BWA TRANSMISSION BASICS......Page 455
9.18.5 IEEE 802.16B EXTENSION: THE WIRELESSHUMAN ( HIGH- DATA RATE UNLICENSED METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK) INITIATIVE......Page 456
9.20.2 BRAN PARTICIPANTS......Page 457
9.21 IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS......Page 458
9.22 WIRELESS NETWORK SECURITY......Page 459
9.23.1.2 San Francisco Public Library......Page 460
9.23.4.1 Hawaii Wide Area Integrated Information Access Network ( HAWAIIAN)......Page 461
9.23.7.1 Smithfield School District......Page 462
9.23.9.1 National Defense University (NDU)......Page 463
9.24.2.3 University of British Columbia......Page 464
9.24.5.1 Wireless Experimental Metropolitan Area Network (WEMAN)......Page 465
9.26 BUSINESS SECTOR WIRELESS INITIATIVES......Page 466
9.27.2.1 CityNet......Page 467
9.29.3.1 Good Samaritan Hospital......Page 468
9.30 WIRELESS NETWORK CHALLENGES......Page 469
9.31.1.1 University of California at Berkeley......Page 470
9.31.2.1 Purdue University......Page 471
9.31.5.1 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech) Mobile and Portable Radio Research Group ( MPRG)......Page 472
9.32.1.1.1 MosquitoNet Project The MosquitoNet Project supports development of a wireless communications infrastructure that includes multiple low- power radio transceivers, GPS receivers, and amplifiers that enable reliable operations in a distributed m......Page 473
9.34 PLANNING GUIDELINES......Page 474
9.35 SUMMARY......Page 476
9.36 SELECTED WEB SITES......Page 477
10.3 FOUNDATIONS......Page 479
10.3.1.1 GPS Features and Functions......Page 480
10.3.3 OHIO CONSORTIUM FOR ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY (OCACT)......Page 481
10.4.1 ANTENNAS......Page 482
10.5.1 C-BAND TRANSMISSIONS......Page 483
10.6.1 GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS (GSM) AND 3GSM (THIRD - GENERATION GSM)......Page 484
10.6.3.1 World Telecommunications Policy Forum and ITU......Page 485
10.7.3 DIGITAL AUDIO VISUAL COUNCIL (DAVIC)......Page 486
10.8.1 GEO SATELLITE SYSTEMS......Page 487
10.8.2 MID-EARTH ORBIT (MEO) SATELLITE SYSTEMS......Page 488
10.8.3.2 Teledesic......Page 489
10.9.2 VSAT CAPABILITIES......Page 490
10.9.4 GLOBAL VSAT FORUM......Page 491
10.9.6.1 ASTRA Satellite Services......Page 492
10.9.6.4 NORSAT VSAT Services......Page 493
10.9.7.2 European Space Agency (ESA)......Page 494
10.10 SATELLITE BROADCASTS IN THE TELE-EDUCATION DOMAIN......Page 495
10.10.1.3 Air Pollution Distance Learning Network (APDLN)......Page 496
10.11.2 EUROPEAN TELECOMMUNICATIONS SATELLITE ORGANIZATION ( EUTELSAT)......Page 497
10.11.3.1 Taide Network......Page 498
10.12.1 NASA TELE- EDUCATION PROJECTS......Page 499
10.12.2 NASA RESEARCH AND EDUCATION NETWORK (NASA-NREN)......Page 500
10.13 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SATELLITE TELEMEDICINE INITIATIVES......Page 501
10.14.2 STRATYS LEARNING SOLUTIONS......Page 502
10.14.4 WESTERN GOVERNORS UNIVERSITY (WGU)......Page 503
10.15.4.1 California State University (CSU) at Chico......Page 504
10.15.5.1 Interactive Teaching Network (ITN)......Page 505
10.15.7.1 Indiana College Network (ICN)......Page 506
10.15.9.1 University of Kansas Medical Center......Page 507
10.15.10.4 Maryland Instructional Television (ITV) Network......Page 508
10.15.10.8 Towson University......Page 509
10.15.14.1 Montana Education Telecommunications Network (METNET)......Page 510
10.15.16.1 OneNet......Page 511
10.15.19.1 South Dakota Rural Development Telecommunications (RDT) Network......Page 512
10.15.23.1 Satellite Network of West Virginia (SatNet)......Page 513
10.16.3.1 Hastings and Prince Edward School District in Ontario and the Lewisport and Gander School District in Newfoundland......Page 514
10.16.5.1 Georgia Research and Educational Networking Association ( GRENA)......Page 515
10.16.9.1 UNAM (Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico)......Page 516
10.17.3 MEDICAL EMERGENCY AID THROUGH TELEMATICS (MERMAID)......Page 517
10.18.2 INTERACTIVE SATELLITE MULTIMEDIA INFORMATION SYSTEM (ISIS)......Page 518
10.19.2 IBIS......Page 519
10.20 SATELLITE NETWORK IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS IN EDUCATIONAL VENUES......Page 520
10.21 SUMMARY......Page 521
10.22 SELECTED WEB SITES......Page 522
11.3.1 NEXT-GENERATION INTERNET (NGI) OVERVIEW......Page 524
11.3.4 NGI INFRASTRUCTURE......Page 525
11.3.5.1 Defense Research and Engineering Network (DREN)......Page 526
11.3.5.5 QUALIT Initiative and the QBone Project......Page 527
11.3.5.6 SuperNet......Page 528
11.4.2.1 STAR TAP Fundamentals......Page 530
11.4.2.2 StarLight......Page 531
11.4.3.2 APAN Consortium (APANC) and APAN Working Groups......Page 532
11.4.4.2 Euro-Link Initiatives......Page 533
11.4.6.2 NORDUnet2 Operations......Page 534
11.5.1 G RID F UNDAMENTALS......Page 535
11.5.2.3 Grid Tele-education Initiatives......Page 536
11.5.4.4 National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA)......Page 537
11.5.5.1 Corridor One......Page 538
11.5.5.3.1 Globus Ubiquitous Supercomputing Testbed (GUSTO) The primary Globus testbed is GUSTO ( Globus Ubiquitous Supercomputing Testbed). As with power grids that make electricity available, GUSTO makes supercomputing power available to users on- dema......Page 539
11.5.5.5 International Grid (iGRID)......Page 540
11.5.5.6.2 Computational Grid The Access Grid complements the Computational Grid. As with the Access Grid, the Computational Grid employs bandwidth- intensive storage devices, high performance computers, and visualization systems for complex problem reso......Page 541
11.5.6.1 DataGrid and Global DataGrid......Page 542
11.6.1 NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE (NIH)/NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH (NIH)......Page 543
11.6.2.3.1 University of Iowa Rural Telemedicine Initiative The University of Iowa National Laboratory for the Study of Rural Telemedicine evaluates capabilities of videoconferencing teleconsultations over the NGI between healthcare specialists and patie......Page 544
11.6.2.7.1 University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine Sponsored by the University of Missouri- Columbia School of Medicine, a telehealthcare network that operates in conjunction with the NGI provisions links between rural primary care physicians......Page 545
11.7 UNIVERSITY CORPORATION FOR ADVANCED INTERNET DEVELOPMENT ( UCAID) I2 ( INTERNET2) NGI PROGRAMS AND INITIATIVES......Page 546
11.7.1.1 I2-DVN Applications......Page 547
11.7.5 CENTER FOR ADVANCED VIDEO NETWORK ENGINEERING AND RESEARCH ( CAVNER)......Page 548
11.8.2 ADVANCED NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE AND RESEARCH (ANIR) DIVISION......Page 549
11.9.1 DIGITAL LIBRARIES FEATURES AND FUNCTIONS......Page 550
11.10.2 DIGITAL LIBRARIES INITIATIVE-PHASE 1 (DL-1) AND DL- 2 ( DL- PHASE 2)......Page 551
11.11.2.1 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign......Page 552
11.11.6.1 University of Texas at Austin......Page 553
11.12.3.1 United Kingdom (U.K.) Electronic Libraries Program......Page 554
11.13 EUROPEAN COMMISSION TELEMATICS FOR LIBRARIES PROGRAM 11.13.1 DEVELOPMENT OF A EUROPEAN SERVICE FOR INFORMATION ON RESEARCH AND EDUCATION- I ( DESIRE- PHASE I) AND DESIRE- II ( DESIRE- PHASE II)......Page 555
11.14.2 ERCIM DELOS WORKING GROUP AND THE DIGITAL LIBRARY ( DL) INITIATIVE......Page 556
11.15.1 TEN-155 FEATURES AND FUNCTIONS......Page 557
11.16.2.1 AARNET2 (Australian Academic and Research Network, Phase 2)......Page 559
11.16.4.1 BELnet4 ( National Research and Education Network of Belgium Phase 4)......Page 560
11.16.7.3 Joint Universities Computer Center (JUCC)......Page 561
11.16.10.2 DVUNI (Denmark Virtual University)......Page 562
11.16.21.1 GEMnet (Global Electum Cyber Society Network)......Page 567
11.16.12.1 FUNET (Finnish University and Research Network)......Page 563
11.16.13.2 French National Institute for Research in Computer Science and Control......Page 564
11.16.16.1 HUNGARnet (NREN of Hungary)......Page 565
11.16.19.2 Israeli Academic and Research Network......Page 566
11.16.21.4 Real Internet Consortium (RIC)......Page 568
11.16.24.1 CUDI (NREN or National Research and Education Network of Mexico)......Page 569
11.16.27.2 POL-34/155 (NREN of Poland-34.368 Mbps/155.52 Mbps)......Page 570
11.16.30.1 National University of Singapore......Page 571
11.16.30.2 SingAREN ( Singapore Advanced Research and Education Network)......Page 572
11.16.34.1 SUNET ( NREN of Sweden)......Page 573
11.16.37.2 Thailand Information Superhighway Testbed......Page 574
11.17 GEANT NETWORK......Page 575
11.17.1 TASK FORCE-NEXT GENERATION NETWORK (TF-NGN)......Page 576
11.18 SUMMARY......Page 577
11.19 SELECTED WEB SITES......Page 578
12.3 SECURITY INCIDENTS AND CYBERINVASIONS......Page 580
12.4.2.1 CERT Affiliates......Page 581
12.5.1 PASSWORDS......Page 582
12.5.2.2 University of Southern California (USC)......Page 583
12.5.3 COOKIES......Page 584
12.6.1 FIREWALL FEATURES, FUNCTIONS, AND OPERATIONS......Page 585
12.6.3.2 Cisco Secure PIX Firewalls......Page 587
12.7.4 IDS MARKETPLACE......Page 588
12.8.2.1 Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)......Page 589
12.8.2.4 Internet Protocol Security (IPSec)......Page 590
12.8.2.7 MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) and S/ MIME ( Secure/ MIME)......Page 591
12.8.2.11 RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman) Solutions......Page 592
12.8.2.11.4 RSA Secure RSA Secure is a commercially available software package for enabling secure PC and network transactions. RSA Secure also supports secure services for PDAs ( Personal Digital Assistants), cellular phones, and pagers. Browsers from N......Page 593
12.9.1 DIGITAL SIGNATURE FEATURES AND FUNCTIONS......Page 594
12.9.4.2 Simple Digital Security Scheme (SDSS)......Page 595
12.10.2.1 Access Certificates for Electronic Services Certification Authority ( ACES CA)......Page 596
12.11.2.1 ITU-T X.509v3 Recommendation......Page 597
12.11.2.5 Open Group PKI Deployments......Page 598
12.11.3.4 Xcert......Page 599
12.12.2 E-COMMERCE APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES......Page 600
12.12.4.2 CAF… (Conditional Access for Europe)......Page 601
12.12.5 E-COMMERCE ORGANIZATIONS, SECURITY SPECIFICATIONS, AND SOLUTIONS......Page 602
12.12.5.6 Secure Electronic Transaction (SET)......Page 603
12.12.7.1 Secure Electronic Marketplace for Europe......Page 604
12.13 PRIVACY ON THE INTERNET......Page 605
12.13.2 W3C PLATFORM FOR PRIVACY PREFERENCES (P3P) PROJECT......Page 606
12.14.1 FEATURES AND FUNCTIONS......Page 607
12.15.1 WEB FILTERING TOOLS......Page 608
12.15.2.2 Internet Content Rating Association (ICRA)......Page 609
12.16.3 NATIONAL PLAN FOR INFORMATION SYSTEMS PROTECTION......Page 610
12.18 CYBER RIGHTS 12.18.1 COPYRIGHT AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTION......Page 611
12.19 NETWORK MANAGEMENT PROTOCOLS......Page 612
12.19.3 ACTIVE NETWORKS......Page 613
12.21 SELECTED WEB SITES......Page 614