Building Broadband Networks

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......Page 1
BUILDING BROADBAND NETWORKS......Page 2
Preface......Page 6
The Author......Page 9
Acknowledgments......Page 10
Table of Contents......Page 11
1.2 PURPOSE......Page 46
1.4 ISDN FEATURES AND FUNCTIONS......Page 47
1.5.1 BASIC ISDN INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS......Page 48
1.5.3 ISDN TERMINAL EQUIPMENT (TE)......Page 49
1.5.7 ISDN RREFERENCE POINTS......Page 50
1.6.3 H (HYPER) CHANNEL......Page 51
1.7.2.1 North America and Japan......Page 52
1.8 ISDN FRAMES......Page 53
1.9.3 ISDN USER-TO-NETWORK SIGNALING PROTOCOL......Page 55
1.9.3.1 Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model......Page 56
1.10 AMERICAN STANDARDS ORGANIZATIONS AND ACTIVITIES......Page 57
1.10.2.2 National ISDN-Phase 1 (NI-1)......Page 58
1.10.4 NORTH AMERICAN ISDN USERS FORUM (NIUF)......Page 59
1.11.1.3 ITU-T H.323 Recommendation......Page 60
1.11.1.5 ITU-T I-Series of Recommendations......Page 62
1.12.1.1 AO/DI Functions......Page 63
1.13 ISDN MARKETPLACE......Page 64
1.14.2 N-ISDN (NARROWBAND-ISDN)......Page 66
1.15.2.1 Huntsville School System......Page 67
1.15.3.3 Los Angeles Harbor and West Valley Community Colleges......Page 68
1.15.4.3 Nova Southeastern University (NSU)......Page 69
1.15.8.1 Dexter Community Schools and MichNet (Michigan Network)......Page 70
1.15.10.3 New York University......Page 71
1.15.14.1 City of Houston School District......Page 72
1.15.16.2 University of WisconsinÒExtension Educational......Page 73
1.16.3.1 Children’s Network......Page 74
1.16.4.4 University of Ulster......Page 75
1.17.4 HARMONIZED ACCESS AND RETRIEVAL FOR MUSIC ORIENTED NETWORK INFORMATION CONCERTED ACTION (HARMONICA)......Page 76
1.18.2.1 Blacksburg Electronic Village (BEV)......Page 77
1.19.1.1 U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)......Page 78
1.19.4.1 Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science......Page 79
1.19.6.3 University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics (UIHC) and the Iowa......Page 80
1.19.7.1 Delta Rural Health Network (DRHN)......Page 81
1.19.9.3 Pennsylvania (PA) HealthNet......Page 82
1.19.11.1 Fletcher Allen Health Care (FAHC) and the University......Page 83
1.20.1.1 Canadian Rural Medicine Network (CARMEN)......Page 84
1.21 EUROPEAN COMMISSION TELEMATICS APPLICATIONS PROGRAM (EC-TAP) TELEMEDICINE PROJECTS......Page 85
1.22 EUROPEAN COMMISSION (EC) ELECTRONIC COMMERCE (E-COMMERCE) INITIATIVES......Page 86
1.22.5 TELELOPOLIS......Page 87
1.24 ISDN IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS......Page 88
1.25 SUMMARY......Page 89
1.26 SELECTED WEB SITES......Page 90
2.2 PURPOSE......Page 92
2.3.3 JOINT ATM EXPERIMENT ON EUROPEAN SERVICES (JAMES)......Page 93
2.3.6 JAMES AND TEN-34 OPERATIONS AND TECHNICAL CONTRIBUTIONS......Page 94
2.3.7 QUALITY NETWORK TECHNOLOGY FOR USER-ORIENTED MULTIMEDIA (QUANTUM) PROGRAM......Page 95
2.3.10 QUALITY OF NETWORK TECHNOLOGY FOR USER-ORIENTED MULTIMEDIA IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN REGION (Q-MED) PROJECT......Page 96
2.4.1 ATM FORUM......Page 97
2.4.4 INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS UNION-TELECOMMUNICATIONS STANDARDS SECTOR (ITU-T)......Page 98
2.5.1 ATM CELL......Page 99
2.6 ATM PROTOCOL STACK......Page 100
2.7.1 SVCS (SWITCHED VIRTUAL CIRCUITS) AND PVCS (PERMANENT VIRTUAL CIRCUITS)......Page 101
2.7.2.1 User-to-Network Interfaces (UNIs), Network-to-Node and ..........Page 102
2.7.3 ATM CLASS OF SERVICE (COS) AND QUALITY OF SERVICE (QOS)......Page 103
2.8 IP-OVER-ATM......Page 104
2.8.3 MULTIPROTOCOL-......Page 105
2.8.4.1 Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) MPLS Working Group......Page 106
2.9.2 DANTÉ AND IPV6......Page 107
2.9.5 IPV6 TRANSIT ACCESS POINT (6TAP)......Page 108
2.9.8.1 MBone (Multicast Backbone) Operations......Page 109
2.9.8.4 IETF Inter-Domain Multicast Routing (IDMR) Working Group......Page 110
2.10.2 EUROPEAN SERVICES ATM INTEROPERABILITY (EASI) INITIATIVE......Page 111
2.11.2 ATM EMULATED LANS (LANES)......Page 112
2.12.2.2 University of Kansas......Page 115
2.14.1.1 Aurora......Page 116
2.14.3.1 MAGIC-I......Page 117
2.15.1 COLLABORATIVE ADVANCED INTERNET RESEARCH NETWORK ( CAIRN)......Page 118
2.15.2.2 ESnet Infrastructure......Page 119
2.16.2 I2 TECHNICAL FUNDAMENTALS......Page 120
2.16.3.3 Mid-Atlantic (Middle-Atlantic) Crossroads (MAX)......Page 121
2.16.4 PEERING RELATIONSHIPS......Page 122
2.17.1 VBNS+ FOUNDATIONS......Page 123
2.18.1.1 California Research and Education Network-Phase 2 (CalREN-2)......Page 126
2.18.3.1 PeachNet and PeachNet2 (PeachNet Phase 2)......Page 127
2.18.4.1 Boston University (BU)......Page 128
2.18.7.1 Great Plains Network (GPN)......Page 129
2.18.10.1 New York State Education and Research Network, Year 2000......Page 130
2.18.13.1 Network for Engineering and Research in Oregon (NERO)......Page 131
2.18.15.1 Net.Work.Virginia (NWV)......Page 132
2.19.1.1 Canadian Network for the Advancement of Research, Industry, and......Page 133
2.19.1.4 CA*net II RANs (Regional Advanced Networks) and GigaPoPs......Page 134
2.19.2.1 Research Institute for Open Communications Systems......Page 135
2.19.4.1 SuperJANET4 (Super JOINT ACADEMIC NETWORK, PHASE 4)......Page 136
2.20.2.2 University of Southern California (USC)......Page 138
2.21.1.1 Manitoba Telemedicine Research and Development Pilot Project......Page 139
2.22.1.1 City of Denver......Page 140
2.23.2 COLLABORATIVE BROWSING......Page 141
2.25.2 INTERNET......Page 142
2.26 ATM IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS......Page 143
2.27 SUMMARY......Page 144
2.28 SELECTED WEB SITES......Page 145
3.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 147
3.3 SONET/SDH FOUNDATIONS......Page 148
3.4.1 SONET STS (SYNCHRONOUS TRANSPORT SIGNALS) AND OC (OPTICAL CARRIER) LEVELS......Page 149
3.4.4 SONET/SDH OPERATIONS......Page 150
3.4.5 SONET/SDH ARCHITECTURE......Page 151
3.5.2 TIME-DIVISION MULTIPLEXING (TDM)......Page 152
3.6.1 ALLIANCE FOR TELECOMMUNICATION INDUSTRY SOLUTIONS (ATIS)......Page 153
3.6.3 INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS UNION-TELECOMMUNICATIONS......Page 154
3.8 SONET/SDH MARKETPLACE......Page 155
3.9.1 ABILENE NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE......Page 156
3.10.1 ATDNET TECHNICAL FUNDAMENTALS......Page 157
3.11.1 MREN TECHNICAL FUNDAMENTALS......Page 158
3.11.2.2 Multi-Modal Organizational Research and Production......Page 159
3.12.3.1 North Carolina GigaNet (NCGN)......Page 160
3.12.3.3.1 NCIH Educational Initiatives......Page 161
3.12.3.3.3.1 North Carolina Healthcare Information and Communications Alliance (NCHICA)......Page 162
3.12.4.1 BadgerNet......Page 163
3.14.1 POS FEATURES AND FUNCTIONS......Page 164
3.14.3.1 BellSouth......Page 165
3.15.1 ALL-OPTICAL NETWORKS (AONS)......Page 166
3.15.3 ATM PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORKS (APONS)......Page 168
3.16.1 WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXING (WDM) FUNDAMENTALS......Page 169
3.16.3 WDM AND TIME-DIVISION MULTIPLEXING (TDM)......Page 170
3.17.2 DWDM NETWORK ELEMENTS......Page 171
3.17.4 WDM AND DWDM NETWORK SERVICES......Page 172
3.19.1 CAMBRIAN COMMUNICATIONS......Page 173
3.19.5 GLOBAL CROSSING......Page 174
3.19.8.1 Lucent Technologies WaveWrapper Solution......Page 175
3.19.9.1 MFN Implementations......Page 176
3.20 DARPA BROADBAND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (BIT)......Page 177
3.20.4 MULTIWAVELENGTH OPTICAL NETWORK (MONET)......Page 178
3.20.5 NATIONAL TRANSPARENT OPTICAL NETWORK, PHASE II......Page 179
3.20.7 WDM......Page 180
3.21.1.1 Research and Demonstration of a Next-Generation Internet......Page 181
3.22 INTERNATIONAL OPTICAL RESEARCH NETWORK INITIATIVES......Page 182
3.22.1.1.3 CA*net3 Initiatives in the Educational Domain......Page 183
3.22.2.1 Centre for Communications Systems Research (CCSR)......Page 184
3.23.4 OPTICAL PAN-EUROPEAN NETWORK (OPEN)......Page 185
3.24.3 METEOR......Page 186
3.25.3 FLAG (FIBER OPTIC LINK AROUND THE GLOBE) TELECOM......Page 187
3.25.4.2 Atlantis-2 Undersea Network......Page 188
3.25.7 SOUTH ATLANTIC TELEPHONE/WESTERN CABLE/SOUTHERN AFRICA......Page 189
3.26 SUMMARY......Page 190
3.27 SELECTED WEB SITES......Page 191
4.2 PURPOSE......Page 193
4.3 FOUNDATIONS......Page 194
4.4.2 CARRIER SENSE MULTIPLE ACCESS WITH COLLISION DETECTION (CSMA/CD) PROTOCOL......Page 195
4.5 TECHNICAL FUNDAMENTALS......Page 196
4.5.1 ETHERNET PROTOCOL STACK......Page 197
4.5.3 ETHERNET TRANSMISSION CAPABILITIES......Page 198
4.6.2 ETHERNET INSTALLATIONS......Page 199
4.6.3.3 10BASE-T......Page 200
4.6.3.4.3 10BASE-FP......Page 201
4.6.6 10 MBPS ETHERNET TO 100 MBPS FAST ETHERNET MIGRATION......Page 202
4.7.2.1 100BASE-T......Page 203
4.7.3 FAST E THERNET SWITCHES......Page 204
4.8.2 FAST ETHERNET CONSORTIUM......Page 205
4.8.4.1 100VG-AnyLAN......Page 206
4.8.4.2 Fiber Data Distributed Interface (FDDI)......Page 207
4.9.1 GIGABIT ETHERNET FUNCTIONS......Page 208
4.9.4 IEEE 802.3Z OR FIBER OPTIC GIGABIT ETHERNET IMPLEMENTATIONS......Page 209
4.10.2 1000BASE-LX......Page 210
4.10.5 IEEE 802.3AB......Page 211
4.11.2 REAL-TIME TRANSIT PROTOCOL (RTP)......Page 212
4.12.2 MULTIPROTOCOL LABEL SWITCHING (MPLS)......Page 213
4.13.4 IETF (INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE) IPNG......Page 214
4.14.3 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN SPECIFICATION......Page 215
4.15.2 IEEE 802.1P AND IEEE 802.1Q OPERATIONS......Page 216
4.17.2 GIGABIT ETHERNET CLASS OF SERVICE (COS) ASSURANCES AND ATM QUALITY OF SERVICE (QOS) GUARANTEES......Page 217
4.17.3 GIGABIT ETHERNET LANS AND ATM LANES (LAN EMULATIONS)......Page 218
4.19 GIGABIT ETHERNET IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS......Page 219
4.20.2 10 GIGABIT ETHERNET OPERATIONS......Page 221
4.21.1 10 GIGABIT ETHERNET ALLIANCE (10GEA)......Page 222
4.22.1 10 GIGABIT OPTICAL ETHERNET......Page 223
4.23.4 LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES......Page 224
4.24 WIRELESS ETHERNET SOLUTIONS......Page 225
4.25.2.1 HomePNA 1.0 Specification......Page 226
4.25.3 HOMEPNA INSTALLATIONS......Page 227
4.25.5.1 Intel Corporation......Page 228
4.25.6.3 Jini Network Technology......Page 229
4.26.2.2 United States (U.S.) Navy Postgraduate School (NPS)......Page 230
4.26.4.1 Butler University......Page 231
4.26.8.1 Washington University School of Law......Page 232
4.26.11.2 New York City School System......Page 233
4.26.13.2 Western Heights School District......Page 234
4.26.17.1 University of Puerto Rico Educational Network (UPRENET)......Page 235
4.27.3.1 City of Tampere InfoCircle Metropolitan Network......Page 236
4.28.1 U.S. DEPARTMENT......Page 237
4.29.2.1 University of Rochester Medical Center......Page 238
4.31 ETHERNET PLANNING GUIDELINES......Page 239
4.32 SUMMARY......Page 240
4.33 SELECTED WEB SITES......Page 241
5.3 FRAME RELAY FOUNDATIONS......Page 573
5.4 FRAME RELAY FORUM......Page 574
5.6 FRAME RELAY OPERATIONS......Page 575
5.7.1 FRAME RELAY TRANSMISSION......Page 576
5.7.3.1 Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVCs)......Page 577
5.7.6.1 Committed Information Rate (CIR) and Committed Burst......Page 579
5.7.7.2 FR Internetworking Devices......Page 580
5.8.2.1 Internet Engineering Task Force (ETF) Frame Relay Security Protocols......Page 581
5.8.4 FRAME RELAY VPN MERITS AND CONSTRAINTS......Page 582
5.9 FRAME RELAY INTERWORKING IMPLEMENTATION AGREEMENTS (IAs)......Page 583
5.9.3.1 The Frame Relay Forum and the ATM Forum......Page 584
5.9.4 FRAME RELAY AND DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE (DSL)......Page 585
5.11.2 CISCO SYSTEMS......Page 586
5.11.5 GTS......Page 587
5.11.10 WORLDCOM......Page 588
5.12.2.1 California Institute of Technology (Cal Tech)......Page 589
5.12.2.8 San Jose Education Network (SJEN)......Page 590
5.12.7.1 Springfield Public School System......Page 591
5.12.11.2 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech)......Page 592
5.13.4.1 Sabah.Net......Page 593
5.14.1 GENERAL SERVICE ADMINISTRATION ( GSA)......Page 594
5.16.4.1 Nebraska State Government Initiative......Page 595
5.17.3.1 French National Employment Agency......Page 596
5.18.1 VETERANS HEALTH ADMINISTRATION ( VHA)......Page 597
5.19.4.1 GTS Hungary......Page 598
5.20 FRAME RELAY IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS......Page 599
5.21 FRAME RELAY SUMMARY......Page 600
5.23 FIBRE CHANNEL FOUNDATIONS......Page 601
5.24.2.1 FCA Fibre Channel Loop Community (FCLC) Working Group......Page 602
5.25.1 FIBRE CHANNEL TRANSMISSION......Page 603
5.27 FIBRE CHANNEL OPERATIONS......Page 604
5.27.2.3 Fibre Channel Class-4......Page 605
5.28 FIBRE CHANNEL AND SMALL COMPUTER SYSTEMS INTERFACE (SCSI)......Page 606
5.31.1 FC SAN OPERATIONS......Page 607
5.31.2 FC SAN APPLICATIONS......Page 608
5.31.3.2 Storage Area Networks, Limited......Page 609
5.32.1 RAID ADVISORY COMMITTEE......Page 610
5.33.2.2 HIPPI Transmission Fundamentals......Page 611
5.33.2.6 GSN Specification......Page 612
5.33.3 INFINIBAND ARCHITECTURE......Page 613
5.34 FIBRE CHANNEL IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS......Page 614
5.35 FIBRE CHANNEL SUMMARY......Page 615
5.36 SELECTED WEB SITES......Page 616
6.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 243
6.3 DSL FOUNDATIONS......Page 244
6.4.1.2 European Union......Page 245
6.5 DSL TECHNOLOGIES......Page 246
6.5.2 DISCRETE MULTITONE TECHNOLOGY (DMT) MODULATION......Page 247
6.6.1 COMMITTEE T1......Page 248
6.6.2.2 Voice-over-DSL (VoDSL) Working Group......Page 249
6.7.1 ADSL FOUNDATIONS......Page 250
6.7.2 ADSL OPERATIONS......Page 251
6.7.4 POTS (PLAIN OLD TELEPHONE SERVICE) SPLITTER......Page 252
6.7.5 ADSL TRANSMISSION FUNDAMENTALS......Page 253
6.7.7.2 International Telecommunications Union-Telecommunications......Page 254
6.7.8.1 Cisco Systems......Page 255
6.7.9.4.1 Snelnet Project......Page 256
6.7.10 ADSL IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS......Page 257
6.8.3.1 ITU-T (Internet Telecommunications Union-Telecommunications......Page 258
6.9.1 CONSUMER DSL (CDSL) FEATURES AND FUNCTIONS......Page 259
6.11.1 HIGH-BIT RATE DSL, PHASE 1 (HDSL1)......Page 260
6.12.1 SHDSL FEATURES AND FUNCTIONS......Page 261
6.13.2 SDSL TRANSMISSION FUNDAMENTALS......Page 262
6.14.4.1 Asymmetric VDSL Capabilities......Page 263
6.14.5.3 VDSL Coalition......Page 264
6.14.6.4 Telecom Portugal......Page 265
6.15.2 IDSL AND ISDN PARALLELS AND CONTRASTS......Page 266
6.16.2 NEWBRIDGE NETWORKS......Page 267
6.16.4.1 EtherLoop Technical Features......Page 268
6.19.1 ADVANCED MULTIMEDIA SERVICES FOR RESIDENTIAL USERS ( AMUSE)......Page 269
6.21 DSL IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS......Page 270
6.22.1 CABLE MODEM TECHNOLOGY......Page 271
6.23 DSL SUMMARY......Page 272
6.25.1 TELECOMMUNICATIONS ACT OF 1996......Page 274
6.27.1 FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION ( FCC)......Page 275
6.28.3 EUROPEAN TELECOMMUNICATIONS STANDARDS INSTITUTE (ETSI)......Page 276
6.29 NATIONAL POWERLINE NETWORKING TRIALS AND VENDOR IMPLEMENTATIONS......Page 277
6.29.4 ALTCOM......Page 278
6.29.10 ENIKIA......Page 279
6.29.13 INTELLON......Page 280
6.30.1 MAINE. NET COMMUNICATIONS PLC......Page 281
6.33 POWERLINE NETWORK IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS......Page 282
6.35 SELECTED WEB SITES......Page 283
7.3 FOUNDATIONS......Page 285
7.4 TELECOMMUNICATIONS ACT OF 1996......Page 286
7.5.3.1 Com21 and Palo Alto Cable......Page 287
7.5.4.1.1 Nortel Networks......Page 289
7.6.1 CABLE NETWORK TRANSMISSION FUNDAMENTALS......Page 290
7.7 CABLE NETWORK PROTOCOLS......Page 291
7.7.3 QUADRATURE PHASE SHIFT KEY (QPSK) AND QUADRATURE......Page 293
7.7.5 VECTOR-ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY-DIVISION MULTIPLEXING (V-OFDM)......Page 294
7.9.1.1 Multimedia Cable Network System (MCNS)......Page 295
7.9.2 CABLE TELEVISION LABORATORIES (CABLEL ABS) OVERVIEW......Page 296
7.9.3.1 DOCSIS 1.1 Features and Functions......Page 297
7.9.3.2 DOCSIS 2.0 Specifications......Page 298
7.9.6 CABLELABS CABLEHOME INITIATIVE......Page 299
7.9.8.1 IEEE 1394 High-Performance Serial Bus Specification and Universal......Page 300
7.9.8.2 OpenCable Marketplace......Page 301
7.11.1 EUROCABLE LABS OVERVIEW......Page 302
7.11.4.1 International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and the European......Page 303
7.11.8 DIGITAL VIDEO BROADCASTING (DVB) PROJECT......Page 304
7.11.8.5 DVB-RCC (Return Channel for Cable Service)......Page 305
7.12.1 CABLE BROADBAND FORUM......Page 306
7.12.3.1 ITU-T Video Quality Experts Working Group......Page 307
7.12.3.5 ITU-T J.117 Recommendation......Page 308
7.12.7 WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS ASSOCIATION (WCA)......Page 310
7.13.2 AT&T MEDIAONE......Page 311
7.14 WIRELINE CABLE COMPETITOR SOLUTIONS......Page 313
7.15 WIRELINE CABLE NETWORK IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS......Page 314
7.16.3 OPERATIONS......Page 315
7.17 MULTICHANNEL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM (MDS)......Page 316
7.18 INSTRUCTIONAL TELEVISION FIXED SERVICE (ITFS)......Page 317
7.20.2 MMDS OPERATIONS......Page 318
7.20.5 MMDS VENDOR INITIATIVES......Page 320
7.21.3 LMDS IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS......Page 321
7.21.5.2 Eagle Wireless International......Page 322
7.22.1 MCS FEATURES AND FUNCTIONS......Page 323
7.24.1 MVDS FUNDAMENTALS......Page 324
7.25.1.1 Mojave CC (Community College) Connectivity Initiative......Page 325
7.25.4.2 University System of Georgia (USG)......Page 326
7.25.8.1 AT&T MediaOne Connections Program......Page 327
7.25.9.3 Monnett Public School System......Page 328
7.25.12.1 South Carolina Educational Television (SCETV)......Page 329
7.25.14.2.2 Virginia Tech and the Center for Wireless Telecommunications......Page 330
7.26.2.1 University of Hanover......Page 331
7.27.2.1 University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB)......Page 332
7.29.3 INTEGRATED BROADBAND COMMUNICATIONS ON BROADCAST NETWORKS......Page 333
7.31 SUMMARY......Page 334
7.32 SELECTED WEB SITES......Page 335
8.2 PURPOSE......Page 337
8.4.1 CELLULAR TECHNICAL FUNDAMENTALS......Page 338
8.4.2 CELLULAR HANDOFFS......Page 339
8.5.1 RF SPECTRUM BASICS......Page 340
8.5.3.1 FCC Spectral Allocations......Page 341
8.6.1 ALLIANCE FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY SOLUTIONS (ATIS)......Page 342
8.6.4.1 Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA) Specification......Page 343
8.6.5 MOBILITY FOR EMERGENCY AND SAFETY APPLICATIONS (MESA)......Page 344
8.8.1 TIME-DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS (TDMA) OPERATIONS......Page 345
8.9.3 CDPD M ARKETPLACE......Page 346
8.10.1.1 Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA)......Page 347
8.11.2 CDMA2000......Page 348
8.12.1 W-CDMA OPERATIONS AND SERVICES......Page 349
8.13.1 WAP CAPABILITIES, OPERATIONS, AND SERVICES......Page 350
8.13.2 WAP FORUM AND THE WAP 2.0 SPECIFICATION......Page 351
8.13.6 WAP MARKETPLACE......Page 352
8.14.2.1 Motorola and AT&T......Page 353
8.15.2 BASIC GSM CONFIGURATION......Page 354
8.15.5 SATELLITE TECHNOLOGIES......Page 356
8.15.7.1 Short Messaging Service (SMS) and Cellular Broadcasts......Page 358
8.15.8.3 GSM Association......Page 359
8.15.8.9 North American GSM Alliance......Page 360
8.15.9.3 Telenor Satellite Tracking System......Page 361
8.16.1 GPRS FEATURES AND FUNCTIONS......Page 362
8.16.3 GPRS M-SERVICES......Page 363
8.16.6 GPRS MARKETPLACE......Page 364
8.17.2 DECT AND GSM......Page 365
8.17.5 DECT AND PERSONAL HANDYPHONE SYSTEM (PHS) SOLUTIONS......Page 366
8.18.2 SDR OPERATIONS......Page 367
8.19.2 IMT-2000 INFRASTRUCTURE......Page 368
8.19.4 IMT-2000 CONFIGURATIONS......Page 369
8.19.5.2 International Telecommunications Union-Telecommunications Standards Sector ( ITU- T) and IMT- 2000 Recommendations......Page 370
8.19.5.3 International Telecommunications Union-Radio Communications Sector ( ITU- R)......Page 371
8.19.5.4.1 WRC-2000 At the World Radiocommunications Conference (WRC) in 2000 (WRC-2000), spectral allocations above the 71 GHz spectral block were allocated for scientific initiatives pertaining to radio astronomy, satellite probing of the earth’s natur......Page 372
8.20.2 UMTS CAPABILITIES......Page 373
8.20.4 UNIVERSAL TERRESTRIAL RADIO ACCESS (UTRA) TECHNOLOGY......Page 374
8.20.6 UMTS AND IMT-2000......Page 376
8.20.7.3 UMTS Forum......Page 377
8.21.1 TDMA-EDGE APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES......Page 378
8.23.2 SECURITY FOR PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY (ASPECT)......Page 379
8.24.4 TIGRA......Page 380
8.26 CELLULAR HEALTH AND SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS 8.26.1 HEALTH AND SAFETY ISSUES......Page 381
8.27 SUMMARY......Page 382
8.28 SELECTED WEB SITES......Page 383
9.2 PURPOSE......Page 384
9.4.1.1 Serial Infrared (SIR), Fast Infrared (FIR), and Advanced Infrared (AIR)......Page 385
9.4.3 INFRAREDIMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS......Page 386
9.5.3.1 Airlinx Communications......Page 387
9.6.2 SPREAD SPECTRUM FOUNDATIONS......Page 388
9.6.4.2 United Kingdom Radio Communications Agency......Page 389
9.6.5.3 Spread Spectrum Services and Applications......Page 390
9.6.6.3 Ericsson Mobitex Solutions......Page 391
9.6.6.6 Metricom Ricochet Network......Page 392
9.7.1 MICROWAVE TECHNICAL FUNDAMENTALS......Page 393
9.7.4 MICROWAVE IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS......Page 394
9.9 STANDARDS ORGANIZATIONS AND ACTIVITIES......Page 395
9.9.2.1 Unlicensed-National Information Infrastructure (U-NII) Spectral Bands......Page 396
9.9.4 EUROPEAN CONFERENCE OF POSTAL AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS ADMINISTRATION ( CEPT)......Page 397
9.10 WIRELESS NETWORK PROTOCOLS......Page 398
9.10.4 WIDEBAND-ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY-DIVISION MULTIPLEXING......Page 399
9.11.1.2 IEEE 802.11b Extension......Page 400
9.12.3.1 Personal Computer Memory Card International Association ( PCMCIA)......Page 401
9.12.5 BROADBAND FWA ETHERNET LAN MARKETPLACE......Page 402
9.13.1 WIRELESS ETHERNET COMPATIBILITY ALLIANCE (WECA)......Page 403
9.14.2 HIPERLAN-1 AND HIPERLAN-2 CAPABILITIES......Page 404
9.15.2 WPAN DEVICES......Page 405
9.15.5.2 IEEE 802.15 Coexistence Task Group (TG2)......Page 406
9.16.2 BLUETOOTH TRANSMISSION BASICS......Page 407
9.17.1 WHN FEATURES AND FUNCTIONS......Page 408
9.17.4.1 SWAP-CA (Shared Wireless Access Protocol-Cordless Access) Forum......Page 410
9.18.2 BWA TRANSMISSION BASICS......Page 411
9.18.5 IEEE 802.16B EXTENSION: THE WIRELESSHUMAN ( HIGH- DATA RATE UNLICENSED METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK) INITIATIVE......Page 412
9.20.2 BRAN PARTICIPANTS......Page 413
9.21 IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS......Page 414
9.22 WIRELESS NETWORK SECURITY......Page 415
9.23.1.2 San Francisco Public Library......Page 416
9.23.4.1 Hawaii Wide Area Integrated Information Access Network ( HAWAIIAN)......Page 417
9.23.7.1 Smithfield School District......Page 418
9.23.9.1 National Defense University (NDU)......Page 419
9.24.2.3 University of British Columbia......Page 420
9.24.5.1 Wireless Experimental Metropolitan Area Network (WEMAN)......Page 421
9.26 BUSINESS SECTOR WIRELESS INITIATIVES......Page 422
9.27.2.1 CityNet......Page 423
9.29.3.1 Good Samaritan Hospital......Page 424
9.30 WIRELESS NETWORK CHALLENGES......Page 425
9.31.1.1 University of California at Berkeley......Page 426
9.31.2.1 Purdue University......Page 427
9.31.5.1 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech) Mobile and Portable Radio Research Group ( MPRG)......Page 428
9.32.1.1.1 MosquitoNet Project The MosquitoNet Project supports development of a wireless communications infrastructure that includes multiple low- power radio transceivers, GPS receivers, and amplifiers that enable reliable operations in a distributed m......Page 429
9.34 PLANNING GUIDELINES......Page 430
9.35 SUMMARY......Page 432
9.36 SELECTED WEB SITES......Page 433
10.3 FOUNDATIONS......Page 435
10.3.1.1 GPS Features and Functions......Page 436
10.3.3 OHIO CONSORTIUM FOR ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY (OCACT)......Page 437
10.4.1 ANTENNAS......Page 438
10.5.1 C-BAND TRANSMISSIONS......Page 439
10.6.1 GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS (GSM) AND 3GSM (THIRD - GENERATION GSM)......Page 440
10.6.3.1 World Telecommunications Policy Forum and ITU......Page 441
10.7.3 DIGITAL AUDIO VISUAL COUNCIL (DAVIC)......Page 442
10.8.1 GEO SATELLITE SYSTEMS......Page 443
10.8.2 MID-EARTH ORBIT (MEO) SATELLITE SYSTEMS......Page 444
10.8.3.2 Teledesic......Page 445
10.9.2 VSAT CAPABILITIES......Page 446
10.9.4 GLOBAL VSAT FORUM......Page 447
10.9.6.1 ASTRA Satellite Services......Page 448
10.9.6.4 NORSAT VSAT Services......Page 449
10.9.7.2 European Space Agency (ESA)......Page 450
10.10 SATELLITE BROADCASTS IN THE TELE-EDUCATION DOMAIN......Page 451
10.10.1.3 Air Pollution Distance Learning Network (APDLN)......Page 452
10.11.2 EUROPEAN TELECOMMUNICATIONS SATELLITE ORGANIZATION ( EUTELSAT)......Page 453
10.11.3.1 Taide Network......Page 454
10.12.1 NASA TELE- EDUCATION PROJECTS......Page 455
10.12.2 NASA RESEARCH AND EDUCATION NETWORK (NASA-NREN)......Page 456
10.13 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SATELLITE TELEMEDICINE INITIATIVES......Page 457
10.14.2 STRATYS LEARNING SOLUTIONS......Page 458
10.14.4 WESTERN GOVERNORS UNIVERSITY (WGU)......Page 459
10.15.4.1 California State University (CSU) at Chico......Page 460
10.15.5.1 Interactive Teaching Network (ITN)......Page 461
10.15.7.1 Indiana College Network (ICN)......Page 462
10.15.9.1 University of Kansas Medical Center......Page 463
10.15.10.4 Maryland Instructional Television (ITV) Network......Page 464
10.15.10.8 Towson University......Page 465
10.15.14.1 Montana Education Telecommunications Network (METNET)......Page 466
10.15.16.1 OneNet......Page 467
10.15.19.1 South Dakota Rural Development Telecommunications (RDT) Network......Page 468
10.15.23.1 Satellite Network of West Virginia (SatNet)......Page 469
10.16.3.1 Hastings and Prince Edward School District in Ontario and the Lewisport and Gander School District in Newfoundland......Page 470
10.16.5.1 Georgia Research and Educational Networking Association ( GRENA)......Page 471
10.16.9.1 UNAM (Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico)......Page 472
10.17.3 MEDICAL EMERGENCY AID THROUGH TELEMATICS (MERMAID)......Page 473
10.18.2 INTERACTIVE SATELLITE MULTIMEDIA INFORMATION SYSTEM (ISIS)......Page 474
10.19.2 IBIS......Page 475
10.20 SATELLITE NETWORK IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS IN EDUCATIONAL VENUES......Page 476
10.21 SUMMARY......Page 477
10.22 SELECTED WEB SITES......Page 478
11.3.1 NEXT-GENERATION INTERNET (NGI) OVERVIEW......Page 480
11.3.4 NGI INFRASTRUCTURE......Page 481
11.3.5.1 Defense Research and Engineering Network (DREN)......Page 482
11.3.5.5 QUALIT Initiative and the QBone Project......Page 483
11.3.5.6 SuperNet......Page 484
11.4.2.1 STAR TAP Fundamentals......Page 486
11.4.2.2 StarLight......Page 487
11.4.3.2 APAN Consortium (APANC) and APAN Working Groups......Page 488
11.4.4.2 Euro-Link Initiatives......Page 489
11.4.6.2 NORDUnet2 Operations......Page 490
11.5.1 G RID F UNDAMENTALS......Page 491
11.5.2.3 Grid Tele-education Initiatives......Page 492
11.5.4.4 National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA)......Page 493
11.5.5.1 Corridor One......Page 494
11.5.5.3.1 Globus Ubiquitous Supercomputing Testbed (GUSTO) The primary Globus testbed is GUSTO ( Globus Ubiquitous Supercomputing Testbed). As with power grids that make electricity available, GUSTO makes supercomputing power available to users on- dema......Page 495
11.5.5.5 International Grid (iGRID)......Page 496
11.5.5.6.2 Computational Grid The Access Grid complements the Computational Grid. As with the Access Grid, the Computational Grid employs bandwidth- intensive storage devices, high performance computers, and visualization systems for complex problem reso......Page 497
11.5.6.1 DataGrid and Global DataGrid......Page 498
11.6.1 NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE (NIH)/NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH (NIH)......Page 499
11.6.2.3.1 University of Iowa Rural Telemedicine Initiative The University of Iowa National Laboratory for the Study of Rural Telemedicine evaluates capabilities of videoconferencing teleconsultations over the NGI between healthcare specialists and patie......Page 500
11.6.2.7.1 University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine Sponsored by the University of Missouri- Columbia School of Medicine, a telehealthcare network that operates in conjunction with the NGI provisions links between rural primary care physicians......Page 501
11.7 UNIVERSITY CORPORATION FOR ADVANCED INTERNET DEVELOPMENT ( UCAID) I2 ( INTERNET2) NGI PROGRAMS AND INITIATIVES......Page 502
11.7.1.1 I2-DVN Applications......Page 503
11.7.5 CENTER FOR ADVANCED VIDEO NETWORK ENGINEERING AND RESEARCH ( CAVNER)......Page 504
11.8.2 ADVANCED NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE AND RESEARCH (ANIR) DIVISION......Page 505
11.9.1 DIGITAL LIBRARIES FEATURES AND FUNCTIONS......Page 506
11.10.2 DIGITAL LIBRARIES INITIATIVE-PHASE 1 (DL-1) AND DL- 2 ( DL- PHASE 2)......Page 507
11.11.2.1 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign......Page 508
11.11.6.1 University of Texas at Austin......Page 509
11.12.3.1 United Kingdom (U.K.) Electronic Libraries Program......Page 510
11.13 EUROPEAN COMMISSION TELEMATICS FOR LIBRARIES PROGRAM 11.13.1 DEVELOPMENT OF A EUROPEAN SERVICE FOR INFORMATION ON RESEARCH AND EDUCATION- I ( DESIRE- PHASE I) AND DESIRE- II ( DESIRE- PHASE II)......Page 511
11.14.2 ERCIM DELOS WORKING GROUP AND THE DIGITAL LIBRARY ( DL) INITIATIVE......Page 512
11.15.1 TEN-155 FEATURES AND FUNCTIONS......Page 513
11.16.2.1 AARNET2 (Australian Academic and Research Network, Phase 2)......Page 515
11.16.4.1 BELnet4 ( National Research and Education Network of Belgium Phase 4)......Page 516
11.16.7.3 Joint Universities Computer Center (JUCC)......Page 517
11.16.10.2 DVUNI (Denmark Virtual University)......Page 518
11.16.21.1 GEMnet (Global Electum Cyber Society Network)......Page 523
11.16.12.1 FUNET (Finnish University and Research Network)......Page 519
11.16.13.2 French National Institute for Research in Computer Science and Control......Page 520
11.16.16.1 HUNGARnet (NREN of Hungary)......Page 521
11.16.19.2 Israeli Academic and Research Network......Page 522
11.16.21.4 Real Internet Consortium (RIC)......Page 524
11.16.24.1 CUDI (NREN or National Research and Education Network of Mexico)......Page 525
11.16.27.2 POL-34/155 (NREN of Poland-34.368 Mbps/155.52 Mbps)......Page 526
11.16.30.1 National University of Singapore......Page 527
11.16.30.2 SingAREN ( Singapore Advanced Research and Education Network)......Page 528
11.16.34.1 SUNET ( NREN of Sweden)......Page 529
11.16.37.2 Thailand Information Superhighway Testbed......Page 530
11.17 GEANT NETWORK......Page 531
11.17.1 TASK FORCE-NEXT GENERATION NETWORK (TF-NGN)......Page 532
11.18 SUMMARY......Page 533
11.19 SELECTED WEB SITES......Page 534
12.3 SECURITY INCIDENTS AND CYBERINVASIONS......Page 536
12.4.2.1 CERT Affiliates......Page 537
12.5.1 PASSWORDS......Page 538
12.5.2.2 University of Southern California (USC)......Page 539
12.5.3 COOKIES......Page 540
12.6.1 FIREWALL FEATURES, FUNCTIONS, AND OPERATIONS......Page 541
12.6.3.2 Cisco Secure PIX Firewalls......Page 543
12.7.4 IDS MARKETPLACE......Page 544
12.8.2.1 Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)......Page 545
12.8.2.4 Internet Protocol Security (IPSec)......Page 546
12.8.2.7 MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) and S/ MIME ( Secure/ MIME)......Page 547
12.8.2.11 RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman) Solutions......Page 548
12.8.2.11.4 RSA Secure RSA Secure is a commercially available software package for enabling secure PC and network transactions. RSA Secure also supports secure services for PDAs ( Personal Digital Assistants), cellular phones, and pagers. Browsers from N......Page 549
12.9.1 DIGITAL SIGNATURE FEATURES AND FUNCTIONS......Page 550
12.9.4.2 Simple Digital Security Scheme (SDSS)......Page 551
12.10.2.1 Access Certificates for Electronic Services Certification Authority ( ACES CA)......Page 552
12.11.2.1 ITU-T X.509v3 Recommendation......Page 553
12.11.2.5 Open Group PKI Deployments......Page 554
12.11.3.4 Xcert......Page 555
12.12.2 E-COMMERCE APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES......Page 556
12.12.4.2 CAF… (Conditional Access for Europe)......Page 557
12.12.5 E-COMMERCE ORGANIZATIONS, SECURITY SPECIFICATIONS, AND SOLUTIONS......Page 558
12.12.5.6 Secure Electronic Transaction (SET)......Page 559
12.12.7.1 Secure Electronic Marketplace for Europe......Page 560
12.13 PRIVACY ON THE INTERNET......Page 561
12.13.2 W3C PLATFORM FOR PRIVACY PREFERENCES (P3P) PROJECT......Page 562
12.14.1 FEATURES AND FUNCTIONS......Page 563
12.15.1 WEB FILTERING TOOLS......Page 564
12.15.2.2 Internet Content Rating Association (ICRA)......Page 565
12.16.3 NATIONAL PLAN FOR INFORMATION SYSTEMS PROTECTION......Page 566
12.18 CYBER RIGHTS 12.18.1 COPYRIGHT AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTION......Page 567
12.19 NETWORK MANAGEMENT PROTOCOLS......Page 568
12.19.3 ACTIVE NETWORKS......Page 569
12.21 SELECTED WEB SITES......Page 570