Breaking Barriers: Student Success in Community College Mathematics

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The fact college students often struggle in mathematics is not new. They exhibit a great deal of anxiety, dislike, and overall disinterest. Quantitative data displaying abysmal student success rates are widely available and shared.

This book explores the complexity surrounding the issue of student difficulties in community college math. Though much quantitative research focuses on the faculty experiences and perspectives regarding methods and practices, the author puts the focus on students’ experiences.

The book presents the results of a study focused on students who struggled in mathematics. Though their experiences varied, they all entered community college with a great deal of disgust and anxiety toward mathematics courses and requirements. These impressions and attitudes create barriers to success. However, all the students eventually succeeded in fulfilling their college-level mathematics requirement.

The author presents these students’ experiences prior to entering community college, what led to both success and failure in their math courses, and the common themes leading to success and failure. Through these student responses, the author assists readers in gaining a better understanding of the community college student who struggles in math and how to break students’ community college math barriers to success.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface

1. Math is a Four-Letter Word

2. The Framework for Developmental and Introductory College-Level Math

3.The Study, Settings, and the Participants

4. Prior Experiences in Math

5. Attempting Math and Community College

6. Navigating the First Developmental Math Course

7. Math Pathways and Completing Developmental Math

8. The End of the Rainbow

9 I Need More Math…Now What?

10. Lessons Learned in the Aftermath

Appendix A: Analyzing the Results and Ensuring Accuracy

Appendix B: Pre-Algebra and Introduction to Algebra Course Content

Appendix C: Stand-Alone Quantway 1 and Statway 1 Course Content

Appendix D: Elementary Algebra (all half semester) Content

Appendix E: Intermediate Algebra Content

Appendix F: Lead Questions for Student Participants

Appendix G: Lead Questions for the Lester Community College Faculty

Index

BIOGRAPHY

With 21 years of experience in mathematics education and 17 years as a community college math professor, the author has instructed courses from developmental math through calculus. He has served as Chair of the Developmental Math Department and Assistant Chair of the Mathematics Department at Sinclair College, Dayton, Ohio. He received the Jon and Suanne Roueche Award for Teaching Excellence and the Ohio Magazine Excellence in Education Award. His published research focuses on faculty viewpoints regarding pedagogical practices as well as conceptual research concentrating on developmental math. His article, "Acceleration and Compression in Developmental Math: Faculty Viewpoints," was awarded Article of the Year by the Journal of Developmental Education.

Author(s): Brian Cafarella
Publisher: CRC Press
Year: 2021

Language: English
Pages: 222
City: Boca Raton

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgment
Author
1. Math Is a Four-Letter Word
The Endeavor to Fail
Community Colleges
Placement in Community College Math
Developmental Math, College-Level Math, and the Courses in Between
Looking Ahead
References
2. The Framework for Developmental and Introductory College-Level Math: Why Are So Many Students Unsuccessful?
Lack of Prerequisite Skills
Math Anxiety
Affective Behaviors
The Pathway to Negative External Attention
Where Did Developmental Math Come From?
The States Take Notice
Addressing the Math Issue
Is Developmental Math Effective?
Initiatives to Improve Success in Math
Emporium Model
Alternate Math Pathways
Statway
Quantway
Corequisite Model
Distance Learning
Other Practices
Moving Forward
References
3. The Study, Settings, and the Participants
Selecting the Participants
Conducting the Study
Meet the Participants
Summary
References
4. Prior Experiences in Math
The Positives
Mixed Feelings
The Negatives
Simple Concepts Were No Longer Simple
Math Became a Foreign Language
High School Completion of Mathematics
Mind the Gaps
Difficulty Keeping Pace
Humiliation 101
Personal Problems, Poor Learning Environments, and Apathy
Math as Compared to Other Subjects
Summary
5. Attempting Math and Community College
Starting Community College
Flores Community College
Drummond Community College
Arnold Community College
Blair Community College
Walsh Community College
The Developmental Math Sequences and Modalities
Starting Off on the Right, Wrong, and Indifferent Foot
The Good
The Bad
The Indifferent
Summary
6. Navigating the First Developmental Math Course
The Results Are In
Common Themes for Failure for Developmental Math
Apathy
External Issues and Time Management
Drowning in the Progressiveness of Math
Repeating the Same Behaviors, Expecting Different Results, and Deflecting Blame
Was Failure in Developmental Math an Anomaly or a Commonality?
Themes for Success in Developmental Math
Addressing Personal and Mental Health Issues and Time Management
Addressing Learning Issues, Prerequisite Skills, and Learning Styles
Quality of Life as a Motivator
Making Connections
Engaging and Effective Instructors
Learning Mathematical Organization
Understanding Math Terminology. Finally!
Coasters
Supplemental Instruction
Summary
7. Math Pathways and Completing Developmental Math
The Pathways
Problems in Intermediate Algebra
The Coasters Crashed
Harder Content, Faster Pacing, and Misaligned Modality
Conquering Intermediate Algebra
Recurring Themes
New Themes
Intermediate Algebra Was No Cakewalk
Summary
8. The End of the Rainbow
The College-Level Courses
Quantitative Reasoning
Teacher Preparatory
Introduction to Statistics
College Algebra
The Struggles in College-Level Math
Personal Issues Resurfaced
The Underestimation of Course Content
Harder Content, Faster Pacing, and Misaligned Modality: Part Two
The Midsemester Slump
Success in College-Level Math
Real-Life Applications: Math Actually Made Sense!
The Positives of Corequisites
Organization on Another Level
Less Memorization, More Conceptualization
More Stellar Teaching
Maturity and Perseverance
Successful Preparation for Exams
Study Guides
Reviewing and Fixing Past Errors
Verbalizing Math
Data Dump/Drop Off
Math on a Regular Basis
Little Enrollment in Online Courses
Student Advice for Succeeding in College Math
QR
Teacher Preparatory
College Algebra
Introduction to Statistics
Summary
References
9. I Need More Math Classes ... Now What?
More Math?
Life after College Algebra
Rough Waters in Calculus
The Faculty from LCC
Common Struggles beyond College Algebra
Algebra and Trigonometry
The Missing Element of Geometry?
The Ability to Make Connections and Difficulty with the Abstract
Suggestions for Students
Required Coursework
Eat, Sleep, and Breathe Math
Summary
Reference
10. Lessons Learned in the Aftermath
Lesson 1: Gaps Are Ingredients for Failure
Lesson 2: Student Responsibility and Mathematical Maturity Are Imperative Keys to Success
Lesson 3: Math Anxiety Can Be Defeated...or at Least Diminished
Lesson 4: Connections Should Be Made, Not Forced
Lesson 5: Alternate Math Pathways Benefit Students
Lesson 6: But Stand-Alone Developmental Math Is Still Necessary
Lesson 7: Stellar Teaching Is Invaluable
Lesson 8: Higher Level Math (e.g., Calculus) Requires a Different Skill Set and Mindset Compared to Introductory College-Level Math
Lesson 9: Learning Math Does Not Always Follow a Hollywood Script
Final Thoughts
References
Appendix A: Analyzing the Results
Appendix B: Pre-Algebra and Introduction to Algebra Course Content
Appendix C: Stand-Alone Quantway 1 and Statway 1 Content
Appendix D: Elementary Algebra (All Half Semester) Content
Appendix E: Intermediate Algebra Content
Appendix F: Sample Outline for Introduction to Statistics with the Corequisite from Arnold Community College
Appendix G: Sample Outline for Quantitative Reasoning with the Corequisite from Walsh Community College
Appendix H: Lead Questions for Student Participants
Appendix I: Lead Questions for the Lester Community College Faculty
References
Appendix J: Samples of Teaching Practices
Index