This book examines knowledge and policy transfer from the perspectives of Brazil and China. It assesses how these two nations have emerged as providers of ideas and models that contribute to the global offer of public policies. With a variety of case studies in areas such as health, food security and infrastructure, the volume offers new insights into the distinct levels through which knowledge and policy transfers take place, including the local, regional, national and supranational. It develops a multidimensional framework of analysis that considers the agents, objects, and mechanisms for knowledge and policy transfer, as well as the structures and timings within which they operate. Unlike previous studies on policy transfer – which largely focus on North-North and North-South learning processes – this book offers an innovative approach to this area of study. By reflecting on the experiences of these two rising powers, it provides fresh insights on the future of knowledge and policy transfer as global power dynamics shift. This interdisciplinary study will appeal to students and scholars of policy transfer, development studies, international relations and public policy.
Author(s): Osmany Porto de Oliveira, Giulia C. Romano
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 352
City: Cham
Acknowledgements
Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Tables
1 Introduction—Knowledge and Policy Transfers from Brazil and China: Research Questions for a Promising Agenda
1 Brazil and China in Policy Transfer Studies: What We Already Know and What Needs to Be Explored
2 Analysing Brazil and China in Knowledge and Policy Transfers: A Research Framework
2.1 Agency and Objects
2.2 Motivations and Modalities
2.3 Domestic and International Structures
2.4 Time
3 Structure of the Book
References
2 Policy Diffusion and Transfer as Foreign Policy Instruments: A Classification with Evidence from Brazil and China
1 International Policy Diffusion and Transfer as Foreign Policy Instruments
2 Policy Diffusion and Transfer as Instruments of Brazilian Foreign Policy
3 Knowledge and Policy Diffusion as Instruments of Chinese Foreign Policy
4 Conclusion
References
3 The Rise and Fall of Brazil as a “Policy Exporter”: From Lula Da Silva to Jair Bolsonaro
1 Introduction
2 Conceptualising Brazil as a “Policy Exporter”: Soft Power and Beyond
3 The Rise of a South American “Policy Exporter”: Lula’s “Golden years” (2003–2010)
4 From Peak to Fall: Policy Export Under Foreign Policy Normalisation and Policy Dismantling (2011–2016 and Beyond)
4.1 Export and Circulation Under Foreign Policy Normalisation (2011–2016) and Dismantling (Since 2016)
5 Policy Diffusion Under the Radar
6 Conclusion
References
4 China’s Global Role: Knowledge and Policy Diffusion
1 Introduction
2 Analytical Approach
3 China’s Global Knowledge and Policy Diffusion
3.1 Motivations
3.2 Modalities
3.2.1 Presidential Diplomacy
3.2.2 China’s State Diplomacy
3.2.3 Party-To-Party Diplomacy
3.2.4 Military-To-Military Relations
3.2.5 People-To-People Relations
3.2.6 Multilateral Diplomacy
4 China’s International Development Policy Diffusion
5 Conclusions
References
5 Policy Circulation and South–South Cooperation in Brazil–Africa Relations: Rise, Fall and Change
1 Introduction
2 Policy Transfer and South–South Cooperation: (Un)likely Approximations
3 Brazilian South–South Cooperation in Africa as a Vector for Policy Transfer
3.1 South–South Capacity Development Exchanges and the Circulation of Brazilian Knowledge in Africa
4 Change and Continuity in the South–South Policy Travelling from Brazil to Africa
4.1 The Ebb of State Activism: Resisting Sharing and the Increased Role of the UN in Sharing Brazilian Policy Solutions
4.1.1 Resistance
4.1.2 Trilateralisation
4.1.3 Practitioners in Exile
4.2 Learning from the First Wave of South–South Policy Sharing: Piloting in Africa
5 Conclusion
References
6 China’s Policy Export to Africa: From the Development-Security Nexus to Knowledge-Transfer
1 Introduction
2 China’s African Policy: Promoting a Non-western Approach
3 How China Promotes Its Examples in Africa: Agents and Instruments of Policy-Transfer
4 What China Promotes Abroad: Debates on the “China Model” and Its African Reception
5 The Development-Security Nexus (DSN): An Example of Macro-Policy Diffusion
5.1 The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) as a Promoter of the Security-Development Nexus
5.2 Other Knowledge- and Policy-Transfer Activities: Policy and Technical Training
6 African Agency in Policy Diffusion
7 Conclusion
Literature
7 Social Policy Diplomacy: The Diffusion of Brazilian Instruments in the Fight Against Hunger
1 Introduction
2 Policy Diffusion Under “Social Policy Diplomacy”
3 The Hunger Issue and Its Inclusion in Brazil’s National Agenda
4 From Inside-Out: Building Social Policy Diplomacy
4.1 The Characteristics of Brazilian Development Cooperation Programs
5 Globalizing Hunger Policy Instruments: The Role of International Organizations
6 Conclusion
References
8 From Hard to Soft Power: Chinese Policy Diffusion in Pakistan in the Age of CPEC
1 Introduction
2 The China-Pakistan Alliance: Taking the Long View in Short
3 China- Pakistan Economic Corridor: A Trigger for Knowledge and Policy Transfer?
4 From Grand Bargains to Everyday Synergies: The Societal Exchanges Between China and Pakistan
5 Conclusion
References
9 Knowledge and Policy Transfers Along the BRI: The Case of Duisburg
1 The Belt and Road Initiative and the New Silk Road as Vectors for Knowledge and Policy Transfer
2 Situating the Case of Duisburg
3 How Duisburg Became Germany’s “China-Stadt”
4 Taking Stock of the Achievements: A Potential for Knowledge and Policy Transfer that Remains to Be Explored
5 Conclusions
References
10 The Diffusion of Brazilian Public Policies Within International Venues: The Cases of Health and Rural Development
1 Introduction
2 Assessing the Domestic Scenario for Brazilian Policy Diffusion
3 Brazilian Policy Diffusion on Health and Rural Development
3.1 The Case of Rural Development
3.2 The Case of Health
4 A Glance at Brazil’s Engagement in WTO and Its Connection to Policy/Norm Diffusion
5 Closing Remarks
References
Postface
Index
