Brain Oscillations, Synchrony and Plasticity: Basic Principles and Application to Auditory-Related Disorders discusses the role of brain oscillations, especially with respect to the auditory system and how those oscillations are measured, change over the lifespan, and falter leading to a variety of psychiatric and neurological disorders. The book begins with a description of these cortical rhythm oscillations and how they function in both the normal and pathological brain. It explains how these oscillations are important to auditory, executive and attention brain networks and how they relate to the development, production and deterioration of speech and language.
In addition, treatment of malfunctioning cortical rhythms are reviewed using neuromodulation, such as transcranial magnetic, direct current, random noise, and alternating current stimulation, as well as focused ultrasound. The book concludes by describing the potential role of oscillations in dyslexia, autism, schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease.
Author(s): Jos J. Eggermont
Publisher: Academic Press
Year: 2021
Language: English
Pages: 266
City: London
Front-Matter_2021_Brain-Oscillations--Synchrony--and-Plasticity
Front Matter
Copyright_2021_Brain-Oscillations--Synchrony--and-Plasticity
Copyright
Preface_2021_Brain-Oscillations--Synchrony--and-Plasticity
Preface
Chapter-1---Brain-rhythms--neural-synchrony--_2021_Brain-Oscillations--Synch
Brain rhythms, neural synchrony, and networks in health and disease
Brain rhythms
Introduction
Properties of the dominant electroencephalogram rhythms
Ultraslow fluctuations
Delta
Theta
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
Occurrence in cortical areas and layers
Interaction of brain rhythms
Neural synchrony
A note on correlation, synchronization, and resonance
Synchrony at the action potential level
Synchrony at the local field potential level
Long-distance synchrony
Brain networks
From oscillations and synchrony to brain networks
Graph theory to represent and quantify connectivity
Network changes in neurological disorders
Changes in brain oscillations
Changes in network connectivity
Summary
References
Chapter-2---The-gamma--beta--and-theta-rhyt_2021_Brain-Oscillations--Synchro
The gamma, beta, and theta rhythms and nested oscillations
Introduction
The gamma rhythm
Gamma rhythms and neurotransmitters
Contributing neurons
Involvement of neurotransmitters in human cortex
Gamma generating circuits
Gamma frequency and cognition
The beta rhythm
Beta and the motor system
Audio-visual beta
The theta rhythm
Emphasis on phase
Role of theta in speech
Segregation of concurrent sounds
Hippocampal theta in human memory
Nested oscillations
Basics
Nested oscillations in perception and cognition
Summary
References
Chapter-3---The-alpha-and-delta-rhythms-and-th_2021_Brain-Oscillations--Sync
The alpha and delta rhythms and their interaction with other brain rhythms
The alpha rhythm
Basics of the alpha rhythm
Alpha rhythms and spindles
Alpha modulates through inhibition
Alpha and speech coding
Delta waves
Delta waves in decision-making
Delta waves and speech coding
Delta coupling with other frequency bands
Brain rhythms and event-related potentials
Summary
References
Chapter-4---Brain-rhythms-underlying-perc_2021_Brain-Oscillations--Synchrony
Brain rhythms underlying perception and cognition
Rhythms in perception and cognition
Auditory perception
Binaural mechanisms
Role of prestimulus brain rhythms
Continuous versus discrete perception and attention
Brain rhythms and memory
The role of gamma
The role of theta
Networks and cognition
Networks in attention and memory
The frontoparietal network and task control
Fast and slow thinking
Brain rhythms in speech and language
Speech
Language
Summary
References
Chapter-5---Neural-spike-firing-synchrony-_2021_Brain-Oscillations--Synchron
Neural spike-firing synchrony and population activity
What is spike-firing synchrony?
Multiple-spike train correlation in animal cortex
Spike-pair correlation
Epidural versus intracortical spike-based receptive fields
Spike-local field potential synchrony in animal cortex
Spike-LFP correlation in human cortex
Spikes, LFPs and EEG/MEG
Summary
References
Chapter-6---From-oscillation-synchrony-t_2021_Brain-Oscillations--Synchrony-
From oscillation synchrony to neural networks
Basics of EEG/MEG-based brain networks
Networks as graphs
EEG/MEG-based and fMRI-based networks
Correlation between BOLD response and EEG rhythms
Anticorrelated networks
Frequency specificity of network connectivity
Technical considerations
Direction of information flow
Single frequency-band analysis
Nested oscillations
Artifacts?
Variety of coupling
Dynamic networks
Summary
References
Chapter-7---Rhythms-and-networks-in-the-h_2021_Brain-Oscillations--Synchrony
Rhythms and networks in the hearing and deaf brain
Introduction
Brain rhythms in cortical auditory and speech areas
Animal research
Human research
Auditory memory and speech
Auditory memory
Oscillations and speech under difficult conditions
The connectome in hearing loss
Unilateral hearing loss
Sudden unilateral hearing loss
Long-term unilateral hearing loss
Bilateral hearing loss
Sensorineural hearing loss
Comparing prelingual and postlingual deafness
Summary
References
Chapter-8---Neuromodulation-of-brain-rhyt_2021_Brain-Oscillations--Synchrony
Neuromodulation of brain rhythms and connectivity
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
Single-pulse TMS
Repetitive TMS effects on synchrony and memory
Paired associative stimulation
Transcranial direct current stimulation
Changes in excitability of motor cortex
Excitability changes in auditory cortex
Transcranial random noise stimulation
Transcranial alternating current stimulation
Effects on EEG-frequency-band power
Visual system
Sensorimotor system
Auditory system
Effects on phase locking with intrinsic oscillations
Ultrasound
Findings in animal experiments
Effects in humans
Summary
References
Chapter-9---Lifespan-changes-in-brain-rh_2021_Brain-Oscillations--Synchrony-
Lifespan changes in brain rhythms and networks
Introduction
Preterm and term
Preterm
Longitudinal network development
Effects of extrauterine sensory stimulation
Term birth
Infants
Structural and functional MRI
Electrophysiology
Children
Structural and functional MRI
Electrophysiology
Adolescence
Structural and functional MRI
Histology and electrophysiology
General lifespan
Structural and functional MRI
Electrophysiology
Summary
References
Chapter-10---Brain-rhythms-and-connectivity-_2021_Brain-Oscillations--Synchr
Brain rhythms and connectivity changes in tinnitus patients
Structural and functional MRI networks
Structural changes
Functional network changes
Neurochemistry
EEG/MEG-based network connectivity changes in tinnitus
Undirected network connections
Directed network connections
Functional electrophysiology
Brain rhythms
Effects of residual inhibition
Effect of tinnitus co-morbidities
Hearing loss and hyperacusis
Distress
Is tinnitus caused by thalamocortical dysrhythmia?
Effects of neuromodulation
Neurofeedback
Transcranial magnetic and direct-current stimulation
Vagus nerve stimulation
Summary
References
Chapter-11---Developmental-disorders--Dy_2021_Brain-Oscillations--Synchrony-
Developmental disorders: Dyslexia and autism
Dyslexia
Structural changes in dyslexia
White matter
Gray matter
Brain rhythm changes in dyslexia
Resting-state EEG-band power
Entrainment of brain oscillations
Functional connectivity in dyslexia
Summary
Autism spectrum disorder
Structural brain changes in autism spectrum disorder
Nerve tracts
Gray matter
Brain rhythms in autism spectrum disorder
The role of the thalamus
Functional connectivity in autism spectrum disorder
MRI based
MEG/EEG based
Auditory system involvement
Summary
References
Chapter-12---Schizophrenia-and-Alzhei_2021_Brain-Oscillations--Synchrony--an
Schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease
Introduction
Schizophrenia
MRI-based network changes
Functional connectivity
Synchrony and resting-state brain rhythms
Sound entrainment of oscillations
Neurochemistry
Auditory verbal hallucinations
Summary
Mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease
Genotype risk, amyloid-deposits, and tau tangles
ApoE ε 4 genotype risk
Amyloid- β plaques and tau tangles
Connectome changes: The importance of hub regions
MEG and EEG studies
MRI studies
From mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer’s disease
Summary
References
List-of-abbreviations_2021_Brain-Oscillations--Synchrony--and-Plasticity
List of abbreviations
Index_2021_Brain-Oscillations--Synchrony--and-Plasticity
Index
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
K
L
M
N
O
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