Brain Mapping and Diseases

CONTENTS......Page 6
PREFACE......Page 8
ABSTRACT......Page 16
INTRODUCTION......Page 17
In Vivo Birth Hypoxia......Page 18
Evaluation of Cell Damage......Page 19
Electrophoretic Detection of DNA Fragmentation......Page 20
Bax and Bcl-2 Immunohistochemistry......Page 21
Hypoxia in Neuronal Cell Cultures......Page 22
In Vivo Birth Hypoxia......Page 23
In Vivo 7-Day Ischemia......Page 26
Conclusion......Page 27
REFERENCES......Page 30
ABSTRACT......Page 34
INTRODUCTION......Page 35
THE DNA DAMAGE RESPONSE......Page 36
DNA Damage Check Points......Page 37
DNA REPAIR......Page 39
Base Excision Repair......Page 40
Double-Strand Break Repair......Page 41
DNA DAMAGE IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM......Page 42
DNA DAMAGE RESPONSE IN NEURONS......Page 43
Role of Cell Cycle Reentry in the DNA Damage Response......Page 44
Cell Cycle Reentry and Neuronal Apoptosis......Page 46
REFERENCES......Page 48
ABSTRACT......Page 58
INTRODUCTION......Page 59
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)......Page 61
DNA Sequencing......Page 62
In Situ Hybridization......Page 65
Variety in the Population Size of Extrachromosomal Circular DNA of Brain and Non-Brain Organs......Page 66
Chronological Alteration of Population Size of Brain Circular DNA......Page 67
Evolutional Conservation of the BC-1 Region among Vertebrates......Page 69
DISCUSSION......Page 71
REFERENCES......Page 73
ABSTRACT......Page 76
ISCHEMIC INJURY TO WHITE MATTER......Page 77
INTRA-AXONAL CA2+ RELEASE: THE TROJAN HORSE......Page 78
ACUTE OLIGODENDROCYTE INJURY......Page 79
ASTROCYTES AND WHITE MATTER ISCHEMIA......Page 81
ISCHEMIC INJURY TO DEVELOPING WHITE MATTER......Page 82
EXCITOTOXIC OLIGODENDROGLIAL INJURY......Page 83
OXIDATIVE OLIGODENDROGLIAL INJURY......Page 85
MYELINATING AXONS ARE DAMAGED BY ISCHEMIC INSULTS......Page 86
REFERENCES......Page 88
Diffusion Imaging and Tractography......Page 96
Selection of Cognitive Models......Page 97
Functional Task......Page 98
Detection of Connections......Page 99
Network of Connections......Page 100
Specificity of Connections......Page 103
Segregation of Multiple Connections......Page 104
Group Analyses......Page 105
Estimation of Tractography Error......Page 106
Technical Improvements......Page 108
Applications: Connectivity Studies in Human Memory Research......Page 109
CONCLUSION......Page 110
REFERENCES......Page 111
ABSTRACT......Page 116
INTRODUCTION......Page 117
Fever......Page 119
Pain......Page 122
Epilepsy......Page 123
Ischemia......Page 124
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis......Page 126
Parkinson’s Disease......Page 127
Multiple Sclerosis......Page 128
Alzheimer’s Disease......Page 129
Clinical Application of Selective COX-2 Inhibitors to Brain Diseases......Page 131
Endothelial Cells......Page 132
CONCLUSIONS......Page 133
REFERENCES......Page 134
INTRODUCTION......Page 146
Definition of Periodic Activity......Page 147
EEG Evolution in Sporadic CJD......Page 149
Cyclic Alternating Pattern (CAP)......Page 155
C) Terminal Phase......Page 156
Unusual EEG Findings in Sporadic CJD......Page 158
Iatrogenic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease......Page 159
3. EVOKED VISUAL POTENTIALS (FLASH-EVP)......Page 160
5. MOTOR EVOKED POTENTIALS (MEP)......Page 162
CONCLUSION......Page 163
REFERENCES......Page 164
ABSTRACT......Page 168
INTRODUCTION......Page 169
NEUROFILAMENT PROTEINS......Page 170
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)......Page 174
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease (CMT)......Page 175
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)......Page 178
NFs in Other Neurodegenerative Diseases......Page 179
Hyperammonemia during CNS Development......Page 180
NFS AS MARKERS OF DISEASES......Page 181
CONCLUSION......Page 182
REFERENCES......Page 183
ABSTRACT......Page 194
1.1. Magnetic Resonance Imaging......Page 195
1.2. Deep Gray Matter Nuclei......Page 196
1.3. Segmentation Based on Deformable Atlases......Page 197
2.1. Data......Page 198
2.2. Spatial Normalization......Page 199
2.3. Refined Segmentation......Page 200
2.4. Quantification......Page 202
3. RESULTS......Page 203
REFERENCES......Page 209
ABSTRACT......Page 212
1. STRABISMUS......Page 213
2. PERCEPTUAL ASSESSMENT AND STRABISMUS......Page 218
3. NEUROFUNCTIONAL STUDIES AND STRABISMUS......Page 219
4. DIAGNOSTIC NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL METHODS APPLIED IN STRABISMIC STUDIES......Page 224
5. SPECTROSCOPY (1H-NMRS)......Page 229
6. EOG AND STRABISMUS......Page 231
7. NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON STRABISMUS: ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM AND DIGITIZED BRAIN MAPPING......Page 234
8. NEUROMETRY......Page 242
9. GRANULOMETRY......Page 251
a) Clinical Study......Page 255
e) Neurometry......Page 256
CONCLUSIONS......Page 257
REFERENCES......Page 259
ABSTRACT......Page 264
REVIEW OF EXISTING SURGICAL GUIDANCE BRAIN MAPPING TECHNIQUES......Page 265
The Endovascular Approach......Page 266
Preoperative Endovascular Brain Mapping (PEBM) Approach......Page 267
ANIMAL PREPARATION FOR PEBM STUDIES......Page 268
Administration of FD and C Green No. 3 with BBB Manipulation......Page 269
Tantalum Particle Embolization, PEBM Contrast without BBB Manip-ulation......Page 271
Sudan Black Cocktail Embolization without BBB Disruption......Page 272
Administration of TAT-Conjugated Silica Nanoparticles and TAT-Conjugated Cds: Mn/Zns Quantum Dots without BBB Manipulation......Page 273
Administration of Onyx®- Fluorescein Cocktail......Page 274
REFERENCES......Page 276
ABSTRACT......Page 282
1. Neuroprotection......Page 283
2a. Glutamate, NMDA Receptor and Aspirin......Page 284
3. NFKB......Page 285
3b. NFKB, Aspirin and the Central Nervous System......Page 286
4a. MAPK and Aspirin......Page 287
5. Nitric Oxide (NO), and Nitro Oxide Synthase (NOS)......Page 288
5b. NOS, Aspirin and the Central Nervous System......Page 289
7a. Heat Shock Protein (HSP), Aspirin and the Central Nervous System......Page 290
8a. Metalloproteinase and Aspirin......Page 291
10. Parkinson’s Disease and Aspirin......Page 292
1. Overview of Apoptosis......Page 293
2. Apoptosis and Glutamate Receptors......Page 294
3a. Gastric Cancer......Page 295
3e. Hepatoma......Page 296
4b. Brain Ischemia......Page 297
REFERENCES......Page 298
ABSTRACT......Page 316
SUBJECTS......Page 317
METHODS......Page 318
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS......Page 319
The Effect of Brain Region......Page 321
The Effect of Brain Region on the EEG Features......Page 322
CONCLUSION......Page 324
REFERENCES......Page 325
ABSTRACT......Page 328
INTRODUCTION......Page 329
Procedures......Page 330
RESULTS......Page 332
DISCUSSION......Page 333
REFERENCES......Page 334
ABSTRACT......Page 338
INTRODUCTION......Page 339
Subjects......Page 341
Materials and Apparatus......Page 342
Pretraining Locomotor Activity......Page 343
Locomotor Activity during Testing......Page 345
CONCLUSIONS......Page 347
REFERENCES......Page 348
INDEX......Page 354