Books, People, and Military Thought Machiavellis Art of War and the Fortune of the Militia in Sixteenth-Century Florence and Europe

Contents
Figures
Abbreviations
Introduction
1  Why New Research on Florentine Militias and on the Art of War?
2 Overview
3 Acknowledgements
Part 1
“Il modo dello armare presente” Machiavelli and the Ordinanza of 1527-30
Introduction to Part I
History and Historiography
1  History
2  Historiography
Chapter 1
“Il modo dello armare presente” (“Fanterie d’oggi”), Part 1
Hand Firearms in Machiavelli, and in the 1528-30 Ordinanza
1  Hand Firearms at the Time of Machiavelli
1.1 Individual Firearms in the Documents of Machiavelli’s Time
2  Hand Firearms at the Time of the 1527-30 Ordinanza
3  Conclusions
Chapter 2
“Il modo dello armare presente” (“Fanterie d’oggi”), Part 2
Comparisons and Relationships between Machiavelli’s 1506 Militia and the Ordinanza of 1528-30
1 A Shared Background
1.1 The Need for New, Large, Permanent Armies
2 Differences
2.1 The Separation between the City and the Country Battalions
2.2 The Role of the New Militia Battalions in the Structure of the Florentine Army
2.3 Different Infantry Battle Techniques
Chapter 3
“Il modo dello armare presente” (“Fanterie d’oggi”), Part 3
The Role of the Peasants: Innovations within the Machiavellian Militia
1  The Administration of Justice
2  Benefiting and Rewarding
 3 Conclusions
Chapter 4
“Il modo dello armare presente” (“Fanterie d’oggi”), Part 4
Infantry Battle Techniques and Infantry Tactics in Machiavelli’s Militia of 1506 and in 1521 Art of War
1  Ravenna as a Turning Point: From the Swiss Model in the 1506 Militia to the ‘Third Order’ of Infantry in the Prince, Up to the Roman Archetype in the Art of War
2  Conclusions
Part 2
The Reception of Machiavelli’s Art of War and the Fortune of the Militia Concept in Europe
Introduction to Part II
A Brief Introduction to the Fortune of Machiavelli in the Sixteenth Century
1  Machiavelli and Machiavellism
2  Historiography on the Art of War and This Book
Chapter 5
The Circulation of Machiavelli’s Art of War in Early-Modern Europe, and Its Influence on Cultures of Warfare and on Experiments with Organizing Militias
1 France
1.1 The First French Translation of the Arte della guerra and the Publication of French Military Treatises Inspired by Machiavelli
1.2 A Lost Latin Translation?
2  Basle, Switzerland and the German-Speaking World
 2.1 Appendix a Little-Known (Anonymous) Huguenot French Theorist of Military Doctrine in Basle
3  The Creation of Infantry Legions in Sixteenth-Century France
 4 Spanish Provinces: The Uses and the Misuses of Machiavelli by European Sovereigns
5  The Long-Standing Influence of the Art of War. Training and Discipline in the Late Sixteenth Century. The War in the Flanders and the Militia in England
Chapter 6
Fortune, Misfortune, and the Decline of the Machiavellian Heroic Model of Military Glory in Early-Modern Europe
 1 Collective Virtue: ‘Heroic’ Visions of the Infantry as ‘Warrior’. Contacts and Exchange of Ideas in Europe
 2 Individual Virtue: The Machiavellian Concept of ‘Heroism’ and Its Transformations in Subsequent Military Thinking
 3 The Declining Fortune of Machiavelli’s Concepts of Glory and Heroism
Chapter 7
Conclusions
1  The Relationship between the Art of War, the New Standing Armies, the Wider Power Structures of European States, and the Connected Cultures of Warfare
3  Political Engagement and Civic Activism
Appendix
1 Introduction: Some Notes on the Military Documentary Production of the Time, and on the Available Documentation
 1.1 Practical and Administrative Records: Production, Preservation and Availability
 1.2 The Records of the Nove di Ordinanza e Milizia from 1527 to 1530: Loss, Preservation and New Discoveries
1.3 Short Summary of the Sources Effectively Used in This Appendix
2 Documents
2. 1 Letter from Giulio Gasparre Mariscotti to the gonfaloniere Niccolò Capponi, Marradi 6 August 1527.
 2.2 Letter from Carlo Strozzi to the Nine of the Militia in Florence, Volterra, 24 August 1527.
 2.3 Letter from Carlo Strozzi to the Priors of Pomarance, Volterra, 9 September 1527
2. 4 Extracts of a letter from Francesco Petrucci to the Signori, “Rocchetta di Colle” 7 October 1527 (“alli VII di ottobre MDXXVII”)
 2.5 Letter from Carlo Strozzi to the Nine of the Militia, Volterra, 2 November 1527
 2.6 Extract of a Letter from the Nine of the Militia to Carlo Strozzi in Volterra, Florence 4 November 1527
2.7 Patent for Babbone da Bersighella, 28 August 1528
 2.8 Announcement Concerning the Oath of the City Battalions, 16 January 1529
 2.9 Letter from Ceccotto Tosinghi to the Nove, 17 March 1529.
2. 10 Letter from Ceccotto Tosinghi to the Vicar of Vicchio, Certosa, 20 March 1529
 2.11 Letter from Pasquino da San Benedetto (Captain of the Battalion of Poggibonsi) to Ceccotto Tosinghi, San Gimignano, 24 aprile 1529
 2.12 Letter from Alessandro Monaldi Captain of the Battalion of Pietrasanta to Ceccotto Tosinghi, Pietrasanta, 28 May 1529.
 2.13 Letter from Alessandro Monaldi Captain of the Battalion of Pietrasanta to Ceccotto Tosinghi, Pietrasanta, 7 June 1529
 2.14 Announcement that Every Conscript Must Present Himself at the General Review of the City-Militia, Florence 12 June 1529
 2.15 Extracts of a Letter from Alessandro Monaldi Captain of the Battalion of Pietrasanta to Ceccotto Tosinghi, Pietrasanta, 13 June 1529
2. 16 Letter from the Nove to Ceccotto Tosinghi, Florence 15 June 1529
2. 17 Payments of the Nove of the Militia, Date Unclear
2.18 Copy of a Letter from Giannozzo Capponi Captain and Commissioner of Pietrasanta, to the Dieci, 24 June 1529
2. 19 Payments to Constables of the Ordinanza, August 1530
2. 20 Extract of a Letter from Matteo Bongianni to Ceccotto Tosinghi, Florence, 18-19 July 1529
2. 21 Extracts of a Letter from Ciaio Ottaviani to Ceccotto Tosinghi, 24 July 1529
 2.22 Extracts of a Letter from Giannozzo Capponi to Ceccotto Tosinghi, Pietrasanta 27 July 1529 (: “
 2.23 Letter from the Dieci, Written by Their Chancellor Donato Giannotti, to Ceccotto Tosinghi, Florence 9 August 1529 (“ad hore 24”).
 2.24 Extract from a report of the Pratica of 10 August 1529
2. 25 Payments of the Dieci to the Captain Raffaello Ricoveri, Florence 1529
 2.26 Extracts of a Letter from Pieradovardo Giachinotti, General Commissioner in Livorno, to Ceccotto Tosinghi, 16 August 1529
2. 27 Letter from Matteo Bongianni to Ceccotto Tosinghi, Florence, 19 August 1529
2. 28 Extract of a Letter from Giovan Battista Tanari da Arezzo to the Ten, 6 September 1529
 2.29 Notes about the Ammunition Stored for the Garrison of Pisa, 1529
2.30 Extract of a Letter from the Dieci to Ceccotto Tosinghi, Florence, 9 October 1529
 2.31 Letter from Bati di Benedetto Bati Captain of the Battalion of Campiglia to Ceccotto Tosinghi, Campiglia, 10 October 1529
 2.32 Extract of a Letter from Giovanbattista Vivini da Colle to Leonardo Bartoli Vicar & Commisioner of Lari, Volterra, 14 October 1529
2. 33 Letter from Andrea Borgognoni to Ceccotto Tosinghi, Campiglia, 15 October 1529
 2.34 Letter from Bati di Benedetto Bati Captain of the Battalion of Campiglia to Ceccotto Tosinghi, Campiglia, 15 October 1529
 2.35 Extract of a letter from Giuliano Vaglienti to Ceccotto Tosinghi, place not specified, 16 October 1529
 2.36 Letter from Alessandro Monaldi Captain of the battalion of Pietrasanta to Ceccotto Tosinghi, place not specified (Empoli?), 25 October 1529
 2.37 Extract of a letter from Strozzo degli Strozzi to Ceccotto Tosinghi, Pontedera, 27 October 1529
 2.38 Letter from Strozzo degli Strozzi to Ceccotto Tosinghi, Pontedera 30 October 1529
 2.39 Extract of a letter from Bastiano Galeotti to Ceccotto Tosinghi, Livorno 13 November 1529
 2.40 Extract of a letter from Girolamo Corbinelli to Ceccotto Tosinghi, Cascina 14 November 1529
 2.41 Announcement that every peasant living in Florence must enroll in the city-militia, Florence 12 January 1530
 2.42 Payments concerning firearms, Florence 31 January 1530
 2.43 Announcement that every peasant living in Florence must enroll in a militia and bring their own digging tools, Florence 12 February 1530
 2.44 Extracts from a report of the Pratica of 18 February 1530
 2.45 Extracts from a report of the Pratica of 18 February 1530
 2.46 Payments concerning firearms and Vannoccio Biringucci, Florence, May 1530
 2.47 Extracts from a report of the Pratica of 8 May 1530
 2.48 Appointment of Biringuccio da Siena to the post of Procurator of the Artillery in Florence, 17 May, or June 1530
 2.49 Extract of a Patent for the Commissioner Dante da Castiglione (“alli XX di giugno 1530”)
 2.50 Extract of a Letter from the Dieci to Lorenzo Carnesechi Commissioner of Castracaro, Florence (“el dì davanti), Approximately 20 June 1530
 2.51 Extracts from a Report of the Pratica of 6 July 1530
 2.52 Payments for Salaries and Expenses of the Commissioners. No Date, Approximately Spring 1530
Bibliography
Index of Names