Body Searches and Imprisonment

Preface
Contents
Contributors
List of Tables
Body Searches as Contested Control Measures
1 Introduction
2 Scope of This Book
3 A Brief Overview
References
The Imposition of Power Through Touch: A Sensory Criminology Approach to Understanding Body Searches
1 Introduction
2 Research Context
3 Background
4 Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Searching, ‘State of Security’ and the Structuration of Prison Security
1 Introduction
2 Understanding Prison Security
3 Searching in Prisons
4 Conclusion: The State of ‘State of Security’
References
Strip Searches: A Risky Practice That Needs to Be Monitored
1 Introduction
2 Context and Legal Framework: Development of International Standards on Body Searches and on Oversight Bodies
2.1 International Standards Define and Regulate the Use and Modalities of Body Searches
2.2 The Role and Powers of Independent Monitoring Bodies Are Being Recognized
3 Why? The Role of Monitoring Bodies in Reviewing the Legality, Necessity and Proportionality of Body Searches
3.1 Role of Monitoring Bodies in Checking the Legality of Strip Searches
3.2 Role of NPMs in Monitoring the Respect of the Principle of Necessity
3.3 The Role of Monitoring Bodies in Reviewing the Proportionality of Strip Searches
4 How? The Role of Monitoring Bodies in Reviewing the Way Strip Searches Are Conducted in Practice
References
Strip Searches Through the Lens of the Prohibition of Inhuman and Degrading Treatment in European Human Rights Law
1 Introduction
2 The Doctrine
2.1 Article 3 ECHR: An Unconditional, Context-Sensitive Standard
2.2 The ECtHR’s Position on Body Searches
3 The Principles
3.1 Strip Searches Must Not Be Routine and Must Be Justified on Relevant Grounds
3.2 Strip Searches Must Not Be Conducted with Intent to Humiliate
3.3 Strip Searches Must Not Be Conducted in a Manner That Is Incompatible with Human Dignity
4 Strip Searches in (Carceral) Context
5 Conclusion
References
Body Searches and Vulnerable Groups: Women and LGBTQI+ People in Prison
1 Introduction
2 Women and LGBTQI+ People in Prison: A Vulnerable Group
2.1 On Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, Gender Expression and Sex Characteristics (SOGIESC)
2.2 Vulnerability as a Collective Experience?
3 Experiences of Searches by Women and LGBTQI+ People
3.1 Body Searches and Harm
3.2 Body Searches as State-Inflicted Sexual Assault
3.3 LGBTQI-Specific Issues with Body Searches
4 A Gendered and Queer Understanding of Body Searches Within Gender Binary Prisons
5 To Reform or to Abolish
5.1 Reformist Recommendations Specific for Women and LGBTQI+ People
5.2 An Abolitionist Take on Body Searches
6 Conclusion
References
Body Searches in Belgian Prisons: Dignity, Security and Denial
1 Introduction
2 The Ambitions of the Prison Act: Reducing the Use of Strip Searches, Protecting the Dignity of Prisoners
3 Bending the New Rules
3.1 The Prison Administration Introduces a New Set of Rules
3.2 The Government Introduces a New Bill to Make Strip Searches a Standard Procedure
3.3 The Constitutional Court and the Committee Against Torture Intervene
3.4 The Prison Administration Introduces (Again) a New Set of Rules
4 The Report on Strip Searches of the Federal Ombudsman
5 Strip Searches and the New Complaint Commissions
6 Conclusion: Body Searches and Denial
References
Body Searches in French Prisons: Dignity and Security on a Roller Coaster
1 Introduction
2 The Influence of Dignity on the Original French Prison Act
2.1 Decisions of the Courts as a Deciding Factor
2.1.1 Jurisprudence of the ECtHR
2.1.2 Jurisprudence of French Administrative Courts
2.2 The Original Rule on Body Searches: Necessity, Proportionality, and Subsidiarity
3 The Weight of Security on the Most Recent Legal Evolutions
3.1 A General Context in Awes of Security
3.2 Towards the Reintroduction of Systematic and Indiscriminate Searches
4 The Use of Body Searches in Prison Practice
4.1 Searching Techniques
4.2 Practical Consequences for the Inmates
5 The Risks of the Current Regulation
5.1 Criticisms
5.2 New Sentences Awaiting
6 Conclusion
References
Stripping the Self Away: Security, Control, and Punishment in the Practice of Strip Searches in Spanish Prisons
1 Introduction
2 Legal Regulation of Body Searches in Spain
2.1 Superficial Searches
2.2 Strip Searches
2.3 Radiographies for Security Reasons
3 Strip Searches of Inmates in Spain
3.1 The Extent of the Use and the Outcome of Strip Searches
3.2 “Making a Man Strip off and Putting Him Through Such a Humiliation Is Just Too Much”: The Practice of Strip Searches
4 In the Name of Security: What Is the Rationale of Strip Searches in Catalan Prisons?
4.1 Ordinary Strip Searches
4.2 Extraordinary Strip Searches
4.3 The Targeting of Certain Prisoners
5 Conclusion: Security, Control, and Punishment in the Practice of Strip Searches
Annex
References
Gendered Punishment and Protest in a Context of Conflict: Strip Searching in Northern Ireland
1 Introduction
2 Masculinity, Strip Searching and the Blanket Protest
3 Women's Gendered Experiences: Strip Searching in Armagh and Maghaberry
4 Human Rights and the Strip Searching of Women in a Transitional Society 
5 Conclusion: The Gendered Harms of Strip Searching in a Context of Conflict
References
“There’s a Tech for That”: Balancing Dignity and Security in Carceral Settings Through Alternative Technology Devices
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 Searched Bodies, (Dis)Respected Dignity
3.1 The Ritual of a Body Exposed
3.2 The Paradox of a Humanising Technology
4 Securing the Settings, Monitoring the Bodies
4.1 The Body as Dangerous and an Agent of Contraband
4.2 Managing Risks Through Technology
5 Discussion
References
What Future for Body Searches in Prisons?
References
Index