Boarding and Australia's First Peoples: Understanding How Residential Schooling Shapes Lives

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This book takes us inside the complex lived experience of being a First Nations student in predominantly non-Indigenous schools in Australia. Built around the first-hand narratives of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander alumni from across the nation, scholarly analysis is layered with personal accounts and reflections. The result is a wide ranging and longitudinal exploration of the enduring impact of years spent boarding which challenges narrow and exclusively empirical measures currently used to define ‘success’ in education.  

Used as instruments of repression and assimilation, boarding, or residential, schools have played a long and contentious role throughout the settler-colonial world. In Canada and North America, the full scale of human tragedy associated with residential schools is still being exposed. By contrast, in contemporary Australia, boarding schools are characterised as beacons of opportunity and hope; places of empowerment and, in the best, of cultural restitution.

In this work, young people interviewed over a span of seven years reflect, in real time, on the intended and unintended consequences boarding has had in their own lives. They relate expected and dramatically unexpected outcomes. They speak to the long-term benefits of education, and to the intergenerational reach of education policy.

This book assists practitioners and policy makers to critically review the structures, policies, and cultural assumptions embedded in the institutions in which they work, to the benefit of First Nations students and their families. It encourages new and collaborative approaches Indigenous education programs. 

Author(s): Marnie O’Bryan
Series: Indigenous-Settler Relations in Australia and the World, 3
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2023

Language: English
Pages: 352
City: Singapore

Acknowledgements
Introduction
Methodology and Structure
References
About This Book
Contents
Acronyms
Part I Providing Context
1 Understanding the Historical Context
1.1 A Short and Selective History of Settler-Colonial Australia
1.1.1 The Colonial Era: Asymmetries of Power and the Great Australian Silence
1.1.2 Government Policy and ‘Managing the Aboriginal Problem’
1.1.3 The History Wars
1.2 Deficit Discourse and ‘The Gap’
1.3 Place-Based Education
1.4 A Snapshot of First Nations Australia, 2020
1.5 Understanding the Architecture of Australia’s Education System
1.5.1 School Resourcing and Equity in Australian Education Systems
1.5.2 ICSEA and the Profile of Participants in This Study
1.6 Conclusion
References
2 Boarding Schools
2.1 Understanding the Role of Boarding in the Settler-Colonial World
2.2 Why Boarding?
2.3 Presumed Benefit of Boarding for Disadvantaged Students
2.4 Presumed Benefit of Boarding For First Nations Students
2.5 Power, Politics and the Educated Elite
2.6 Conclusion
References
3 First Person: Context is Everything
Part II Expectations and Transitions
4 The Purpose and Presumed Benefits of Boarding; Parents and Alumni
4.1 Autonomy and Individual Advancement
4.2 Opportunity and Choice in Remote Australia
4.3 Change/Challenge: Boarding School to Broaden Horizons and Enable Two-Way Learning
4.4 Free, Prior and Informed Consent
4.5 Problems in Community and Schooling to Interrupt Patterns of Behaviour
4.6 Attitudes to Social Dysfunction and Questioning Boarding Policy
4.7 Other Motivations for Choosing Boarding
4.7.1 Maximising Leadership and Academic Potential
4.7.2 The Promise of Professional Sport
4.8 The Choice of Boarding School for Urban Students
4.8.1 Practical Considerations
4.8.2 Political Considerations
4.8.3 Social Considerations
4.9 Conclusion
References
5 The Purpose and Presumed Benefits of Indigenous Programs: Education Participants
5.1 Identifying the Organising Narrative
5.2 The Monster and the Machine
5.3 Student Perspectives on School Priorities
5.4 Conclusion
References
6 Transition to Boarding
6.1 What Do We Know About the Transition to Boarding?
6.2 Living Through the Transition to Boarding
References
7 First Person: Haste, Hope and Hubris
Reference
Part III Factors Constraining Success and How to Neutralise Them
8 Homesickness
8.1 Homesickness, Belonging, and Collective Identity
8.2 Homesickness and the Abrogation of Responsibilities to Loved Ones at Home
8.3 Homesickness, Self and Making Sense of Two Worlds
8.4 Recognising Homesickness
8.5 Implications of Homesickness
8.6 Conclusion
References
9 First Person: Getting Lost, Being Found
10 Trauma
10.1 What is Trauma and What Effect Does It Have?
10.2 Prevalence and the Enduring Impact of Antecedent Trauma
References
11 First Person: Courage
12 Encountering Cultural Dissonance, Racial Stereotypes and Racism at School
12.1 Describing and Defining Racism
12.2 Inter-Personal Racism
12.2.1 In-School Inter-Personal Racism
12.2.2 Inter-personal Racism as an Opportunity to Educate
12.2.3 Intra-Group Conflict at School
12.2.4 Institutional Responses to Inter-Personal Racism
12.2.5 Reverse Racism and Encountering Lateral Violence at Home
12.3 Internalised Racism and Deficit Thinking
12.4 Institutional Racism and the Role of School Culture
12.4.1 Institutional Racism, Stereotypes and Essentialism
12.4.2 Gender and the Stereotyping of Female Students
12.4.3 Racial Stereotypes and a Culture of Low Expectation
12.4.4 Institutional Racism and Asymmetries of Power
12.4.5 Consequences of Institutional Racism
12.4.6 Cultural Dissonance and Institutional Racism
12.4.7 Institutional Racism and Curriculum
References
13 First Person: Challenging Structures of Power
References
Part IV Factors Enabling Success and How to Maximise Them
14 Family Support and Finding a Voice
14.1 The Social Gradient: Parents’ Social Class and How They Are Positioned to Support Their Children’s Education
14.2 Parents’ Lack of Trust
14.3 School Respect for Parental Support
14.4 Where There is no Parental Support
14.5 A Celebration of Grandparents
References
15 First Person: Two Grandsons, Two Schools
15.1 Conclusion
Reference
16 Resilience and Developing a Resistant Mind-Set
References
17 Metamorphosis. Fighting the Good Fight
17.1 Conclusion
References
Part V Education Dilemma
18 Education Policy, Choice and Remote Education. Lest We Forget
References
19 Understanding the Cost/Benefit of Boarding with Reference to Football
19.1 The Downside of Professional Sport
19.2 The Football Stereotype
19.3 Football, Health and Wellbeing
References
20 First Person: Football, Flourishing and Capabilities
References
21 First Person: Success. Or What Cost Education?
Part VI First Person: Reflections on the Impact of Boarding
22 First Person: Accountability
References
23 First Person: Success, Sacrifice and Identity
24 First Person: The Power of Positive Relationships
Reference
25 First Person: Trauma and Why Identity Matters
References
26 First Person: The Power of Insider Knowledge
Part VII Driving Change
27 Truth Telling and Transformations
27.1 Driving Change
27.2 Appearance and Reality
27.3 The Power of the Activist Voice
27.4 Strenuous Truth Telling
27.5 Progress
References
28 First Person: Turning the Ship Around
29 Conclusion
References
Glossary of Terms
A Note About Race, Ethnicity and Indigeneity