Blockchain Technology and Applications III

Contents
Introduction
Part 1. Finance and Economy
Chapter 1
Digitization and Blockchain in Finance, The Netherlands in 2021
Abstract
1. Introduction
1.1. Currencies and Payment Systems
1.2. Parliamentary Bill 2018
1.3. International Monetary Fund
2. Central Banks
3. Developments in Perspective and Blockchain in Particular
3.1. Blockchain and Cryptocoin Developments in 2020
4. Technological Developments for Financial
4.1. Artificial Intelligence
4.2. Bitcoin
4.3. Bitcoin SV
4.4. Decentralized Finance
4.5. Anti-Money Laundering
4.6. Enterprise Resource Planning
4.7. Initial Coin Offering
4.8. Internet of Things
4.9. Payment Services Directive 2
4.10. Purchase to Pay
4.11. Robot Process Automation
5. Financial Professional
6. First Exploratory Study in 2020
7. Exploratory Studies in 2020 and 2021
8. Exploratory Study in 2021
8.1. Response
8.2. Current Situation
8.2.1. Society with Digitization and Blockchain
8.2.2. Organization with Digitization and Blockchain
8.2.3. Professional with Digitization and Blockchain
8.3. Terms Affecting the Financial Professional and Opportunities
8.4. Investments in Digitization
Conclusion
References
Note
Chapter 2
Libra and Diem: Fear to Be Eaten (An Update in 2022)
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Great Resistance
3. Regulators and Banks Twart Libra
4. Monetary Power to One Commercial Party
5. Fear to Be Eaten
5.1. American Congress on 23 October about Libra: Not Learned News Here
6. Diem
Conclusion
References
Note
Chapter 3
The Economic Relevance of Decentralized Finance for Future Financial Systems
Abstract
1. Introduction
1.1. DeFi Goal 1
1.2. DeFi Goal 2
2. DeFi Applications Are Going to Challenge Traditional Actors
3. Commercial Banks
4. Investment Banks and Issuers of Financial Instruments
5. Exchanges
6. Insurances
7. Central Banks
8. Crypto-Based Finance Has Reached the Next Maturity Stage
8.1. Stage 1: Efficient Value Transfers
8.2. Stage 2: Connecting Savers and Borrowers
8.3. Stage 3: Competing for Traditional Finance Funds
9. DeFi Has the Potential to Outperform the Traditional Finance System in the Years to Come
Conclusion: Crypto-Based Finance Is Here to Stay
References
Note
Chapter 4
The Effects of Blockchain Technology on University Students’ Start-Up Intention in Fintech - Implications for Developing High Quality Young Human Resources in Vietnam
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Research Method
3. Theoretical Basis and the Literature Review
3.1. Theoretical Bases
3.1.1. An Overview of the Fourth Industrial Revolution
3.1.2. An Overview of Start-Up Intentions
3.2. Literature Review
3.2.1. Background Theories both in Vietnam and around the World Related to Entrepreneurial Intentions
3.2.2. Research Has Been Conducted on Fintech Start-Ups
3.3. Comments
4. Status-Quo of Fintech Human Resource Projection and Fintech Start-Up in Vietnam
4.1. Overview of the Current Situation of Vietnamese Human Resources
4.1.1. Status-Quo of Fintech and Fintech Start-Ups in Vietnam
5. Research Model and Findings
5.1. Model and Hypothesis
5.2. Results and Findings
5.2.1. Scale Test
5.2.2. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA)
5.2.3. Regression Analysis
6. Recommendations
6.1. Recommendations on Public Governance and Legal Framework Innovation
6.2. Scientific Technological Innovation Facilitation for Fintech Applications in the Focal Fields in Roadmap
6.3. Enhancement of International Cooperation in Education and Training, Building Young High-Tech Human Resources in Response to Digitalization
Conclusion
References
Chapter 5
Factors Influencing Consumers’ Adoption of Fintech Payment Services in Vietnam
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Literature Review
2.2. Hypothesis Development and Study Model
2.3. Survey Methodology
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Reliability Test
3.2. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA)
3.3. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA)
3.4. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)
Conclusion
Discussion
Proposed Solutions
Solutions for Improvement of Perceived Ease of Use and Transactions’ Convenience
Solutions for Improvement of Safety and Security
References
Chapter 6
Blockchain in the Digital Transformation of the Vietnam Banking Sector
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Background of Blockchain
2.1. Introduction
3. Landscape of the Blockchain Technology Deployment in Vietnam
3.1. The Enterprise Blockchain Platform: akaChain
3.2. Application of Blockchain Technology in the Banking Sector
4. Challenges
4.1. Lack of a Legal Framework for Blockchain in the Banking Sector
4.2. Lack of Business Case and Clear ROI
4.3. Mindset Obstacles
4.4. Shortage of Experts
5. Recommendations
Conclusion
References
Chapter 7
Blockchain Adoption Challenges in the Commercial Banking Industry
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
3.1. Interoperability
3.2. Privacy
3.3. Encryption
3.4. Security
3.5. Scalability
3.6. Energy Consumption
3.7. Regulations
3.8. Lack of Business Cases
Conclusion
References
Chapter 8
The Financial Technologies 4.0 in the Exchange and Post-Trading Infrastructure
Abstract
Introduction on Financial Technologies 4.0
Conclusion
References
Part 2. Applications
Chapter 9
An Empirical Analysis with International Data of E-Government Transformation and Anti-Corruption Issues
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Overview of Corruption
3. Overview of E-Government Transformation
4. Literature Review
5. Research Model and Data
6. Results and Disscusion
6.1. Results
6.2. Discussion
Conclusion
Appendix
References
Chapter 10
Applications of Blockchain Technology for Building the E-Government in Vietnam
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. General Introduction of Blockchain and E-Government
3.1. Concepts of Blockchain
3.2. Concepts of E-Government and Applications of Blockchain in E-Government
4. International Experience in Blockchain Applications for Building E-Government
4.1. Financial Services Monitoring, Registration, Notarization
4.2. Identity Management
4.3. Digital Election
4.4. Medical and Healthcare Profiling
4.5. Degree Validation
5. Blockchain Applications for Building E- Government in Vietnam
6. Recommendations
6.1. Accelerating the Development and Completion of the Legal Framework on E-Government
6.2. Further Improving Fundamental National Databases
6.3. Mobilizing All the Human Labor and Financial Resources
6.4. Raising People’s Awareness about E-Government, Digital Government and Applications of Blockchain Technology in Public Services
6.5. Promoting the Role of the Leader, Improve Enforcement Efficiency and Accountability
6.6. Developing Evaluation Criteria and Periodically Conduct the Consultation, Investigation and Survey
Conclusion
References
Chapter 11
Cybersecurity and the Impact of Blockchain
Abstract
1. Introduction
1.1. Digital Risks Remain High and Have Not Fundamentally Changed
1.2. Digital Risks Are Not Separate from Other Risks
1.3. Increasing Resilience Most Important Instrument
2. What Is Cybersecurity and Her Status Quo?
3. Relation Blockchain and Cybersecurity
4. Working of Blockchain
5. Blockchain and Added Value to Cybersecurity
5.1. The Added Value of Blockchain
6. Case Studies
6.1. Coins
6.2. Traditional Banking
6.3. Healthcare
6.4. Government
6.5. Internet of Things
Conclusion
References
Chapter 12
Blockchain and Deep Learning Applications: Predictions on Cryptocurrency Price Using Long-Short Term Memory
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Artificial Neural Network
2.2. Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM)
2.3. Data and Methodology
2.3.1. Univariate Time Series
2.3.2. Multivariate Time Series
2.4. Numerical Result
2.4.1. A Univariate Analysis: Numerical Result of Bitcoin (BTC) Prediction
2.4.2. Multivariate Analysis: Numerical Result of Bitcoin Cash (BCH) Prediction
Conclusion
References
Chapter 13
Security Basics on Blockchain
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. The Outline of Blockchain Technology
2.1. Blockchain Level Transaction Model
2.2. CAP Properties in Blockchain
2.3. Requirements of Online Transactions Security and Privacy
3. Threats on Blockchain
3.1. Threats in the Data Layer
3.1.1. Quantum Attack
3.1.2. Key Management
3.2. Weaknesses of P2P Network
3.2.1. Routing Attack
3.2.2. Propagation Delay
3.2.3. Sybil Attack
3.2.4. DDoS Attack
3.2.5. Eclipsed Attack
3.3. Vulnerability of Smart Contract
3.4. Lack of Regulation
4. Defense Mechanism
4.1. Privacy Preservation
4.1.1. Mixing
4.1.2. Independent Encrypted Currency
4.1.3. Anonym Payment Channels
4.2. Security Strategy against Attacks
4.2.1. Data Layer
4.2.1.1. Key Management
4.2.1.2. Defense against Quantum Attack
4.2.2. P2P Network
4.2.2.1. Propagation Delay Reduction
4.2.2.2. Routing Attack
4.2.2.3. DDoS Attack
4.2.2.4. Sybil Attack
4.2.2.5. Eclipse Attack
4.2.3. Smart Contract
4.2.3.1. The Method for Detecting Attacks
4.2.3.2. Reliable Contract Code
Conclusion
References
Part 3. Research
Chapter 14
Blockchain and European Higher Education Systems: A Snapshot on the Diffusion Process of Blockchain in European Academia; A Comparative Study of Blockchain in Higher Education Systems of Estonia, Germany, Greece, the Netherlands and Spain
Abstract
1. Introduction
1.1. Blockchain – A Disruptive Technology
1.2. Diffusion of Innovation and the Role of Higher Education
1.3. Aim of the Present Study
2. Comparison of National Blockchain Ecosystems
2.1. Estonia
2.1.1. Government Policy
2.1.2. Legislation and Regulation
2.1.3. Blockchain Economy: Start-Ups and Industry
2.1.4. Assessing the Blockchain Ecosystem of Estonia
2.2. Greece
2.2.1. Government Policy
2.2.2. Legislation and Regulation
2.2.3. Blockchain Economy: Start-Up and Industry
2.2.4. Assessing the Blockchain Ecosystem of Greece
2.3. Germany
2.3.1. Government Policy
2.3.2. Legislation and Regulation
2.3.3. Blockchain Economy: Start-Ups and Industry
2.3.4. Assessing the Blockchain Ecosystem of Germany
2.4. The Netherlands
2.4.1. Government Policy
2.4.2. Legislation and Regulation
2.4.3. Blockchain Economy: Start-Ups and Industry
2.4.4. Assessing the Blockchain Ecosystem of the Netherlands
2.5. Spain
2.5.1. Government Policy
2.5.2. Legislation and Regulation
2.5.3. Blockchain Economy: Start-Ups and Industry
2.5.4. Assessing the Blockchain Ecosystem in Spain
2.6. Comparison of National Scorings
3. Screening Higher Education Systems for Blockchain
3.1. Analytical Approach, Scoring Model and Limitations
3.2. Estonia: Screening Results on Blockchain and Higher Education
3.2.1. Estonian Higher Education System
3.2.2. Selection of Screened Universities
3.2.3. Scoring Model – Indicators for Ranking
3.2.4. Scoring Results
3.2.5. Best Practice Examples
3.2.5.1. BlockNet project - University of Tartu
3.2.5.2. BLOCKS Project - Tallinn University of Technology
3.3. Germany: Screening Results on Blockchain and Higher Education
3.3.1. German Higher Education System
3.3.2. Scoring Model –Indicators for Ranking
3.3.3. Scoring Results of Largest Public Universities
3.3.4. Scoring Results of the Largest Public Universities of Applied Sciences
3.3.5. Best Practice Examples
3.3.5.1. Munich UAS – Master Program
3.3.5.2. Frankfurt School of Finance and Management
3.3.5.3. University of Applied Sciences Mittweida
3.3.5.4. CODE University of Applied Sciences in Berlin
3.3.5.5. Technische Hochschule Lübeck – DigiCerts Project
3.4. Greece: Blockchain and Higher Education
3.4.1. Higher Education System of Greece
3.4.2. Scoring Model – Indicators for Ranking
3.4.3. Screening Results
3.4.3.1. Teaching
3.4.3.2. Scientific Publications
3.4.3.3. Research Projects
3.4.4. Best Practice Examples
3.4.4.1. National Technical University of Athens (NTUA)
3.4.4.2. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh)
3.4.4.3. National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA)
3.4.4.4. University of Piraeus (UniPi)
3.5. The Netherlands: Blockchain and Higher Education
3.5.1. The Higher Education System of the Netherlands
3.5.2. Universities
3.5.3. Universities of Applied Sciences
3.5.4. Scoring Model – Indicators for Ranking
3.5.5. Screening Results
3.5.5.1. Scoring Results of the Largest Public Universities
3.5.5.2. Scoring Results of the Largest Public Universities of Applied Sciences
3.5.5.2.1. Teaching
3.5.5.2.2. Scientific Publications
3.5.5.2.3. Research Projects
3.5.6. Best Practice Examples
3.5.6.1. Tilburg University
3.5.6.2. Haagse Hogeschool
3.5.6.3. Innovation Lab DUO (Education Implementation Service Ministry of Education, Culture and Science), Hanze UAS and Saxion UAS: 2021-2025
3.5.6.4. Saxion Hogescholen
3.5.6.5. Ministry of Justice and Security, Scientific Research and Documentation Centre (WODC): 2021-2022
3.6. Spain: Blockchain and Higher Education
3.6.1. The Higher Education System of Spain
3.6.2. Scoring Model – Indicators for Ranking
3.6.3. Screening Results
3.6.4. Best Practise Examples
3.6.4.1. University Degree Certification via Blockchain
3.6.4.2. Blockchain University Expert Course (30 ECTS) Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia
3.6.4.3. Master in Blockchain Technologies (60 ECTS) at Universidad de Barcelona
3.6.4.4. Master's Degree in Big Data and Blockchain (60 ECTS) at Universidad Complutense de Madrid
3.6.4.5. The Blockchain University Project. Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED) and Universidad del País Vaco (UPV)
3.6.4.6. Peers to Blockchain (P2B) Project
4. Analysis of Results and Consequences
4.1. Blockchain and European Higher Education
4.1.1. National Blockchain Ecosystems Are No Significant Pull Factor
4.1.2. Diffusion Process of Blockchain Innovation in European Higher Education Still in Early Stages
4.1.3. Blockchain Innovation Gap in European Higher Education Caused by Internal Factors
4.1.4. Potential Causes for the Lack of Spill-over of Innovation
4.2. Learning from Best Practice Examples
4.2.1. Innovation Hubs Grant Autonomy
4.2.2. Combining Education, Research, Incubation, and Knowledge Transfer
4.2.3. Interdisciplinarity Is Key for a Deep Understanding of the Blockchain
4.2.4. Constructivist Approach to Learning with a Strong Focus on Projects
4.2.5. Pre-Structuring of the Student’s Online Learning Path
4.2.6. From Centralised to Decentralised Organisation of Higher Education
Conclusion
References
Note
Chapter 15
Identifying Suspicious Transactions on the Bitcoin Network with Supervised Learning: Case Studies
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Collecting Labels and Transaction Data
3. Elliptic Dataset
4. An Overview of Modeling Experiments on the Elliptic Fataset
Conclusion
References
Editor’s Contact Information
Index
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