The secure storage of medical records is vital to any healthcare system. Relying solely on centralized servers increases the likelihood of sensitive information going public. Transparency and increased security of Blockchain technology make it an ideal platform for storing medical records. Patients can safely store their privacy-sensitive information by securing their data on a Blockchain using cryptography. This enables them to share their medical information with any healthcare institution with their approval. The healthcare system is currently very fragmented, but if all users were to use a secure global database, the flow of information between them would be much faster. A great advantage of a global database is that clients do not have to tell their story every time. A medical specialist, for example, can see exactly what a patient has been through and what treatments and examinations have taken place. The information is also available in real time to the healthcare professional the client has indicated to have access to his file. A new revolution is taking place that is clearly different from the third industrial revolution (Internet, communication and globalization). This fourth industrial revolution involves a fusion of technologies such as biotechnology, nanotechnology, artificial intelligence, robotics, the Internet of Things, cloud computing and Blockchain. Our healthcare society is also changing fundamentally, also under the influence of COVID-19. With this book in three chapters, we present the impact of Blockchain and digitization in healthcare with (1) a systematic literature review om implementing blockchain solutions in health care and organizational consequences, (2) Blockchain in health care and (3) transformation of elderly care and impact of digitalization.
Author(s): Jan Veuger
Series: Healthcare in Transition
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
Year: 2021
Language: English
Pages: 320
City: New York
Contents
Preface
Chapter 1
A Systematic Literature Review on Implementing Blockchain Solutions in Healthcare and the Organisational Consequences
Abstract
Introduction
Motivation and Contribution
Background Information
Types of Networks
Consensus Protocols
Smart Contracts
Rules for Validating a Blockchain
Blockchain in Healthcare and the Need
Methodology
Research Questions
Use of Databases
Results
Answer to the Research Questions
Conclusion and Discussion
Further Research and Limitations
References
Appendix 1: Selected and Consulted Articles
Appendix 2: Overview of Selected Publications with Adoption Considerations
Chapter 2
Blockchain in Health Care
Abstract
Preface
Introduction
Digitisation in Healthcare
Methods
Introduction to Blockchain
How Blockchain Works
Ledger
Decentralised
Characteristics
Increasing Complexity in Healthcare
Methods of Financing
Fragmented First Line
Everyone Has Their Own Policy
New Transactions
Blockchain as a Solution for Verified Data
Benefits and Opportunities
App
Three Forms of Access
Public System
Private System
Hybrid System
Storing Data
Generic Benefits
Irrefutable
Control over Your Own Data
Intelligent Layer
Administrative Optimization
Security
Conditions for the Application
Criteria
Future
Case 1: All the Parties Responsible for Mijn Zorg Log
Development
How It Works
Irrefutable
Control Over Your Own Data
Intelligent Layer
Administrative Optimization
Two Characteristics of Blockchain
The Blockchain Trilemma
Trilemma
Scalability
Security
Decentralization
The Solution to the Trilemma by Bitcoin
The Creation of Bitcoin
Bitcoin as a Decentralised System
Examples of Infrastructures
Hyperledger Fabric
Ethereum
Corda
Infromation Transfer with Tokens
Automatic Processing with Smart Contracts
Recommendations for Cybersecurity
Case 2: How Microbiome Centre Closes the Knowledge Gap
Network Organization
Medicines Act
Five Principles to Get Started
Does Blockchain Fit Your Company?
Choose a Platform
Dare to Ask
An Open Mind
Three Applications in Healthcare
Transparency of Information
Accessibility of Patient Information
Complete Information
Guarantee of Information Storage
Care Is (Still) Lagging Behind Blockchain
Security of Medicine Production and Distribution
Blockchain for a Secure Supply Chain
Tracking Down Medicines
Collaboration with Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things
Artificial Intelligence
Internet of Things
Example of Heat Stress Levels
Smartly Combining Blockchain with AI and the IoT
Blockchain and Health Information Exchange (HIE)
Case 3: Health Information Exchange at MedFAbric4Me
On-Chain and Off-Chain
Properties of MedFabric4Me
Privacy
Partial Sharing of Data
Scalability
IPFS versus Cloud
Nucypher
Comparisons of Use between MedFabric4Me and HIE
ADT Messages
Improvements in Pandemic Warnings
Management of Medical Devices
Ease of Setup
System Upgrade and Updates
Easier Data Backup
The Basic Principles of Blockchain in Healthcare
Basic Principle 1 - Growing Chain
Five-Layer Model
When and When Not to Use Blockchain
Basic Principle 2 - Distributed Network
The Outcomes of Care
Facilitating IT Platform
Basic Principle 3 - Consensus
Basic Principle 4 - Data Storage
Digital Identity
Privacy
The Impact
Case 4: The VGZ Innovation Team Develops an App for Maternity Care
Development
Design Principles for Introducing Blockchain in Healthcare
Different Way of Thinking
Technological Developments in Healthcare
Seven Design Principles
Medicaid
Blockchain for the Electronic Health Record
Realizing a Good Transfer
Roadmap for Interoperability
Step 1: Set Up a Secure Network Structure
Step 2: Enable Verifiable Identity and Authentication
Step 3: A Clear Representation of Authorisation
More Effects of Blockchain for the ECD
Case 5: Deventer GROZzerdam Innovates with an App
Improve Your Functioning with the GG App
GG App and Blockchain
Policy Conclusion
Porter’s Agenda
Impact of Blockchain
Applications of Blockchain
Close Collaboration
Safeguarding Privacy
Blockchain for Electronic Health Records
Supervision
Change Strategy
References
Chapter 3
Transformation of Elderly Care and Impact of Digitalization
Abstract
Introduction
Individual Control
Interaction Client and Professional
Impact of Competence
Agility
Adaptive System
Variety
COVID-19
Effects of Digitalization: The Importance of Information
Advantage of Digitalization
Freedom of Choice
Care in the Right Place
Digital Tools
Convergence of Developments
Position of Client
Self-Management
Normative Practice
Taking Initiative
Position of Professional
Skills
Organization of Care
Network Structures
Client-Professional Interaction
Frame of Reference
Common Meaning
Quality, Effectiveness and Efficiency
Conceptual Model
Directing Role of the Client
Context of Position Client
Importance of Perception
Empowerment
Personal Directorship
Balance
Person-Focused Care
Self-Management
Integrated Care
Participation
Informal Care
Quality Framework
The Elderly
Value-Driven Care
Interaction with Professional: Autonomy of Client
Participation Ladder
Importance of Autonomy
Personal Directorship
Authenticity
Presence-Based Model
Complexity of Care
Quality of Policy
Logic
Interventions
Positive Health
Vision of Care
Information: Preconditions for Achieving Autonomy
Vulnerability
Assessment Framework
Stamtafel
Interdependence
Informed Clients
Adapting the Environment
Impact Technology
Create Coherence
Strengthening Client Position
Wicked Problem
Funding Model
Cost Control
Population Financing
Context of Individual Client
New Funding Model
Pricing
Professionalize Entrepreneurship
Focus
Reflection
Shared Decision Making
Context of Position Professional
Regulatory Space
New Business Models
Learning Model
Game Rules
Trust
Accountability
Interaction with Client: Autonomy of Professional
Work Practice
Innovation
Convergence
Artificial Intelligence
Healthcare Landscape
Information: Preconditions for Achieving Autonomy
Responsibility
Ehealth
Agility
Digital Health Management
Consumer Driven Care
Provision of Information
Information Standards
Patients Know Best (PKB)
Strengthening Position Professionals
Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurial Professionals
Start-Up Approach
Flexibility
Learning
Success
Perspectives in Healthcare
Future-Proof Care
Narrative Perspective: De Hoven VVT Institution
Self-Managing Perspective: Buurtzorg
Network Perspective: Network Structures
Client Perspective: Platform Structures
Care Technology Perspective: Platformvmz
Conclusion
Summary
References
Policy Documents and Reports (2004 – 2021)
Editor’s Contact Information
Index
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