This book presents the principles and practices of rock blasting for underground hard rock mining. It covers a theoretical background of the rock blasting technology and comprehensive case studies on different stages of rock blasting for underground metalliferous mining. It includes the discussions on burn-cut face blasting pattern, slot raise excavation methodology, and ring blasting methods. It further discusses different practical challenges associated with underground blasting, viz. ore dilution, ground vibration, wall instability, etc., and their possible solutions. The book also covers the recent advancements in methodologies to predict blasting outcomes and instrumentations for monitoring rock blasting operations. The book is a useful reference for rock blasting practitioners, mining engineers, professionals, and researchers. It is also a valuable reference for undergraduate and postgraduate students.
Author(s): Vivek Kumar Himanshu, A. K. Mishra, M. P. Roy, P. K. Singh
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 128
City: Singapore
Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
About the Authors
1 Introduction
1.1 Preamble
1.2 Underground Blasting for Metalliferous Mining
1.3 Advancements in Underground Production Blasting
1.4 Summary
References
2 Overview of Underground Metalliferous Mining
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Stages in Underground Metalliferous Mining
2.3 Stoping Methods Practised in India
2.3.1 Sublevel Stoping
2.3.2 Longhole Stoping
2.3.3 Room and Pillar Stoping
2.3.4 Cut and Fill Stoping
2.4 Summary
References
3 Rock–Explosive Interaction During Underground Blasting
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Rock Breakage Mechanism
3.3 Rock Mass Damages Under Dynamic Loading
3.3.1 Constitutive Models Used for Numerical Simulation of Rock Blasting
3.4 Rock Parameters and Their Role on Damage Characteristics
3.4.1 Nearfield Vibration and Rock Breakage Characteristic
3.5 Influence of Explosive Parameters on Rock Mass Damage
3.5.1 Commercial Explosive and Its Principle of Explosion
3.5.2 Explosive Parameters
3.5.3 Equation of State for Explosive
3.6 Impacts of Blast Design Parameters on Rock Mass Damage
3.6.1 Blasthole Diameter
3.6.2 Burden
3.6.3 Spacing
3.6.4 Stemming
3.6.5 Subgrade Drilling
3.6.6 Charging Parameters
3.6.7 Delay Timings
3.7 Summary
References
4 Drivage Excavation Using Drilling and Blasting
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Elements of Burn-Cut Blast Design
4.3 Measurement of Outputs from Underground Drivage Blasting
4.4 Optimization of Drivage Blasting Pattern
4.4.1 Numerical Simulation and Prediction of Damages from Drivage Blasting
4.4.2 Designing of Delay Pattern for Drivage Blasting Using Nearfield Ground Vibration Monitoring Results
4.5 Summary
References
5 Box-Cut Excavation and Stope Opening
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Principle of Underground Slot Raise Blasting
5.3 Drilling Pattern for Slot Raise Blasting
5.4 Charging and Initiation of Blastholes in Slot Raise Blasting
5.5 Delay Sequence of Blastholes for Slot Blasting Pattern
5.6 Special Slot Raise Blasting Pattern
5.7 Summary
References
6 Underground Ring Blasting
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Drilling Pattern for Underground Ring Blasting
6.3 Charging of Ring Blastholes
6.3.1 Suitability of Explosive for Different Rock Strata
6.3.2 Charge Factor and Dimensional Parameters for Ring Blasting
6.4 Connection and Firing Sequence of Charged Ring Blastholes
6.4.1 Optimization of Delay Sequence and Delay Timing for Production Blasting
6.4.2 Delay Timing for Multi-Ring Blasting
6.5 Summary
References
7 Blast-Induced Hazards
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Standards on Ground Vibration Limits
7.3 Sensitive Structures Prone to Ground Vibration Hazards
7.4 Optimisation of Ring Blasting Parameters for Structural Safety
7.4.1 Parameters Affecting Blast-Induced Ground Vibration
7.4.2 Case Studies on Designing Controlled Blasting Pattern for Underground Ring
7.5 Safety Precautions While Blasting
7.6 Summary
References
8 Innovative Blasting Practices for Underground Hard Rock Mining
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Technique for Simultaneous Excavation of Slot Raise and Rings in a Single Blasting Round
8.3 Drilling and Blasting Methodology for Extraction of Narrow Vein Ore Deposits
8.4 Multi-Ring Blasting Pattern for Rock Excavation in Ore-Waste Combination
8.5 Summary
References
9 Challenges and Way Forward
9.1 Overview
9.2 Future Challenges of Underground Blasting and Way Forward
9.3 Summary
References
