This book explores the consequences of the changing landscape of media communication on Black interactions in the virtual space. Current developments in technology, such as facial recognition, have already disproportionately affected people of color, especially people of African descent. The rise of DeepFakes and other forms of Fake News online has brought a host of new impacts and potential obstacles to the way that Black communities communicate. With a focus on the emergence of DeepFakes, and AI Synthetic Media, contributors have explored a range of themes and topics, including but not limited to: How do AI and digital algorithms impact people of color? How does Social Media shape Black women's perception of their body? How vulnerable are young Africans to social media generated fake news?
Contributions have examined how Black virtual, in person and digital communication is affected by the current onslaught of misinformation, manipulated images and videos, and changing social media landscape.
Author(s): Kehbuma Langmia
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 223
City: London
Foreword
Acknowledgments
Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
Chapter 1: Of Deepfakes, Misinformation, and Disinformation
The Open Curtain to Digitalization in Africa
How Did We Get Here?
Online Disinformation and Africa
Elections Coverage and the War of Fakes
“Fake News” Palava and E-journalism post-McLuhanism
Media Bubbles, Polarization, and Fake News
Ethics, Fake News, and Real News Tug of War
Rationale for This First Edition on Deepfakes
References
Chapter 2: The African Youth and Social Media at the Crossroads of Information, Misinformation, and Disinformation
Introduction
Youth Bulge and Social Media Usage in Africa
Youth Social Media Usage in Context
“Development” Versus “Envelopment” of Africa in the Digital Age
The Productive Dimensions of the Youth-Social Media Nexus
Overview of Social Media Use in Africa
Social Media, Youth Innovations, and Development
The Counterproductive Dimensions of the Youth-Social Media Nexus
Misinformation and Its Consequences
Disinformation and Its Consequences
Cyber Bullying, Abuse, and Harassment
Conclusion and Recommendations
References
Chapter 3: Artificial Intelligence for Social Evil: Exploring How AI and Beauty Filters Perpetuate Colorism—Lessons Learned from a Colorism Giant, Brazil
Introduction
Artificial Intelligence and Deep Fakes
Deep Fakes and Social Media
Efforts to Address the Issue
Deep Fake, Filters Beauty Standards, and Colorism
Colorism and Societal Issues
Colorism in Other Parts of the World
Colorism in Brazil: Lessons Learned
Conclusion
References
Chapter 4: Deepfakes as Misinformation: The Next Frontier of Sports Fandom
Exploring Deepfakes: An Emerging Communications Crisis
The COVID-19 Pandemic’s Role in Increasing Deepfake Culture
Creating Celebrity
Fueling Fanship and Fandom
Digital Fanship and Fandom
Deepfakes as Fandom
Conclusion
References
Chapter 5: The Influence of Social Media Use in the Wake of Deepfakes on Kenyan Female University Students’ Perceptions on Sexism, Their Body Image and Participation in Politics
Introduction
Methodology
Findings and Discussions
Influence of Social Media Use on Kenyan Female University Students’ Perception on Their Body Image and Identity
The Influence of Social Media Use in Spread of Disinformation and Misinformation and Its Effect on Kenyan Female University Students’ Participation in Politics
The Influence of Social Media in Promoting Sexism
Conclusion
References
Chapter 6: The Ogre and the Griot: Culturally Embedded Communicative Approaches Addressing ‘Deep Fake’ COVID-19 Narratives and Hyperrealities in Kenya
Introduction
Hyperrealities
Methodology
Findings
Re-humanizing the Clinician
Applying a Culturally Competent Communicative Style
Who Is a Griot?
Conclusion
References
Chapter 7: “The Medium is the Massage/Message”: Functions of Synthetic Media in Sense-Making Conditions
Introduction
Production, Spread, and Processing of Deepfakes
Managing Health Information Needs in the Era of Deepfakes
Conclusion
References
Chapter 8: Deepfakes: Future of Sports and Questioning Video Evidence
Introduction
Theoretical Framework
Artificial Intelligence and Enhancing Deepfake
Finding Solutions
Conclusion
References
Chapter 9: Examining the Role of ‘KOT’ in Reinforcing Organizations’ Voices Against Misinformation in Kenya
Introduction
Twitter, Misinformation and Organizations’ Online Engagement
Theoretical Grounding
Methodology
Findings and Discussions
RQ 1. Ease of Use of the Interface and Facilitation of Discourse
RQ2. Impact of Dialogic Loops and Feedback
RQ3. Usefulness of (Mis)information on Twitter to Policy Change
RQ4. KOT and Organizations’ Use of Twitter to Avert Miscommunication and Misrepresentation
Conclusion
References
Chapter 10: Akata Night Masquerade: A Semblance of Online Deepfakes in African Traditional Communication Systems
Introduction
Theoretical Perspectives
Defining African Communication Systems/Indigenous Media
Deepfake as a Modern Concept
Systems of Indigenous Communication in Africa
Origin of Akata Night Masquerade
Akata as a Form of Indigenous Media
The Purposes Akata Media Served in the African Community
Why Deepfake Is Not New in the African Society
The Akata Night Masquerade as a Deepfake
Conclusion and Recommendation
References
Index
