Bionanotechnology: Emerging Applications of Bionanomaterials

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Bionanotechnology: Emerging Applications of Bionanomaterials
Bionanotechnology: Emerging Applications of Bionanomaterials
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Contents
Contributors
1 - Energy production and energy storage
1 - Bionanotechnology and Bionanomaterials: Emerging Applications, Market, and Commercialization
1. Introduction
2. Bionanomaterials: emerging applications
3. Energy production, conversion, and storage
3.1 Biofuel cells
3.2 Bionanomaterial-based biodiesel
3.3 Metal/metal oxide–based nanocatalysts
3.4 Carbon-based nanocatalysts
3.5 Biobatteries
4. Environmental protection and improvements
4.1 Air filtration
4.2 Water treatment
4.2.1 Adsorption
4.2.2 Nanofiltration
4.2.3 Nanophotocatalysis
4.2.4 Nanocatalysis
4.2.5 Desalination
4.3 Soil treatment
4.4 Plant protection
5. Biomedical applications
5.1 Drug delivery
5.2 Wound healing
5.3 Tissue engineering applications
5.4 Medical implants
5.5 Biosensors
6. Agriculture and food production industries
6.1 Nanofertilizers
6.2 Pesticides
6.3 Food preservation
6.4 Food storage
7. Other applications
7.1 Textiles
7.2 Paper and wood
7.3 Automotive
8. Bionanomaterials: market growth and regulations
9. Commercialization of bionanomaterials
10. Conclusions
References
2 - Smart bionanomaterials for the removal of contaminants from wastewater
1. Introduction
2. Biopolymer nanofibers in the treatment of wastewater
3. Bioinspired nanocomposite materials in the removal of environmental contaminants
4. Photocatalytic applications of bionanomaterials in pollution abetment
5. Nanozymes for enzymatic degradation of pollutants
6. Biogenic nanoparticles in the removal of hazardous contaminants
7. Nanobiochar in the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants
8. Adsorption mechanism and influence of physicochemical factors
9. Limitations of bionanomaterials in wastewater treatment
10. Conclusion and future perspective
References
2 - Environmental applications
3 - Bionanomaterials-mediated seed priming for sustainable agricultural production
1. Introduction
2. A brief history of seed priming
3. Seed priming and its application in agriculture
4. Application of different priming approaches and priming substances
4.1 Nutripriming
4.2 Hydropriming
4.3 Solid matrix priming
4.4 Osmopriming
4.5 Hormopriming
4.6 Chemical priming
4.7 Biopriming
5. Nanopriming: a novel way for seed germination and seedling growth
6. Future perspective
7. Conclusion
References
4 - Reconnoitering bionanomaterials for mitigation of abiotic stress in plants
Abbreviations
1. Introduction
2. Bionanomaterials: a new frontier in plant growth and development
3. Mechanism of action of different bionanoparticles in plants
4. Bionanomaterials: use under different stress conditions
4.1 Bionanoparticles under drought
4.2 Bionanoparticles under salinity
5. Environmental and safety issues
6. Future perspective
7. Conclusion
References
3 - Biomedical applications
5 - Emerging applications of bionanomaterials in medicine and drug delivery
Abbreviations
1. Introduction
2. Inorganic bionanomaterials
2.1 Metal nanoparticles and metal oxide nanoparticles
2.2 Other inorganic bionanomaterials
2.3 Carbon bionanomaterials
2.3.1 Nanodiamonds
2.3.2 Fluorescence carbon dots
2.3.3 Nanotubes
2.3.4 Graphene
2.4 Polymeric bionanomaterials
2.4.1 Dendrimers
2.4.2 Polymeric micelles
2.4.3 Polysaccharide nanoparticles
2.4.4 Hydrogels
2.4.5 Nanocellulose
2.4.6 Nanogel
2.4.7 Emulsion based drug delivery systems
2.4.8 Polymer conjugates
2.5 Lipid bionanomaterials
2.5.1 Lipoprotein
2.5.2 Nanosuspensions
2.5.3 Liposomes
2.5.4 Lipopolyplexes/polyplexes
2.5.5 Solid lipid nanoparticles
2.6 Others
2.6.1 Antibody nanomaterial conjugates
2.6.2 Aptamer-nanomaterial conjugates
2.6.3 Bacterial inclusion bodies
2.6.4 Nanofibers
3. Conclusions and future prospects
Acknowledgments
References
6 - Polymer-based bionanomaterials for biomedical applications
1. Introduction
2. Types of polymeric nanomaterials
2.1 Natural polymeric nanomaterials
2.2 Engineered polymeric nanomaterials
2.3 Biosynthesized polymeric nanomaterials
2.4 Chemosynthesis polymeric nanomaterials
3. Biofunctionalized nanocellulosic materials
3.1 Nanocellulose-based biodegradable polymers
3.1.1 Nanocellulose/polylactic acid
3.1.2 Nanocellulose/starch
3.1.3 Nanocellulose/chitosan
3.1.4 Nanocellulose/alginate
3.1.5 Miscellaneous reinforced nanocomposite materials
3.2 Nanocellulose-based thermoplastic polymers
3.2.1 Nanocellulose/polyvinyl alcohol
3.2.2 Nanocellulose/polypropylene
3.2.3 Nanocellulose/polysulfones
3.3 Porous nanocellulose composites
3.3.1 Composite foams
3.3.2 Composite aerogels
4. Bioinspired polymeric nanocomposites
4.1 Polymeric nanocomposite hydrogels
4.2 Bioactive silicate-based nanocomposites
4.3 Bioinspired hydroxyapatite nanocomposites
4.4 Bioinspired Rosette Nanotube composites
4.5 Graphene-enhanced polymeric nanocomposites
4.6 Polymeric nanocomposites loaded with metallic nanoparticles
4.7 Mechanically stiff interpenetrating networks
4.8 Spatially controlled hydrogel nanocomposites
5. Biomedical applications
5.1 Dental and biomedical implants
5.2 Targeted drug delivery
5.3 Bionanomaterials for therapy of defective joints and bones
5.4 Bone tissue engineering
5.5 Biosensor platforms
5.6 Vaccine development
5.7 Fluorescent polymeric nanovehicles
5.8 Fluorescent bioimaging
5.9 Stem cell imaging
6. Future perspective
7. Conclusion
References
7- Photocatalytic metal bionanocomposites for biomedical applications
1. Introduction
2. Overview of bionanocomposites
3. Photocatalytic activity of metal bionanocomposites
3.1 TiO2 bionanocomposites
3.2 Mixed metal oxide bionanocomposites
3.3 Polymer–metal and graphene metal bionanocomposites
3.4 Other metal bionanocomposites
4. Biomedical applications of photocatalytic metal bionanocomposites
4.1 Drug delivery
4.2 Biosensor and bioimaging
4.3 Bone and cartilage tissues engineering
4.4 Antimicrobial and antioxidant agents
4.5 Other biomedical applications
5. Conclusion
References
8 - Bionanomaterials for wound healing applications
1. Introduction
2. Challenges of skin and skeletal tissue wounds
2.1 Burns
2.2 Diabetic wounds
2.3 Bone fracture
2.4 Ligament and tendon damage
3. Nanobiomaterials used as scaffolds for skin and skeletal tissue regeneration
3.1 Cellulose-based scaffolds
3.1.1 Cellulose characteristics
3.1.2 Skin tissue regeneration
3.1.3 Bone tissue regeneration
3.1.4 Ligament and tendon regeneration
3.2 Seaweeds polysaccharide-based scaffolds
3.2.1 Skin regeneration
3.2.2 Bone regeneration
3.3 Sucrose-based scaffolds
4. Peptide hydrogels for wound healing
5. Nanobiomaterials and natural molecules to enhance biological performance
6. Commercially available wound healing scaffolds
7. Conclusion and future perspectives in wound tissue regeneration
References
Further reading
9 - Polymeric bionanomaterials for diabetes applications
1. Introduction
2. Delivery of antidiabetic medicines using nanoparticles
2.1 Chitosan-based nanoparticles
2.2 Nanoparticles of other naturally occurring biopolymers
2.3 Nanoparticles of synthetic biopolymers
3. Hydrogels employed for the treatment of diabetes
4. Future prospects
5. Conclusion
References
4 - Constructions and other applications
10 - Nanohydrogels for targeted drug delivery systems
1. Introduction
2. Structure of nanoparticle–hydrogel composites
2.1 Nano- and microgel composites
2.2 Macroscopic hydrogel composites
2.2.1 Hydrogel development in nanoparticle suspension
2.2.2 Nanoparticle preparation in situ after hydrogel gelation and later suspension of NP precursor transformation in gel
2.2.3 Cross-linker specialists employed to create hydrogel matrix on nanoparticle surfaces
2.2.4 Using nanoparticles, polymers, and a gelator to make hydrogel nanocomposites into positively charged polymers
3. Synthesis method
3.1 Bulk polymerization
3.2 Solution polymerization
3.3 Dispersion method
3.4 Grafting to support
3.5 Polymerization by irradiation
4. Gelation mechanism
5. Stimuli-responsive hydrogels
6. Intelligent carrier system
6.1 pH-based intelligent system
6.2 Temperature-based intelligent system
7. Applications
7.1 Wound healing
7.2 Malignancy (cancer) treatment
7.3 Ocular drug delivery
7.4 Nasal and vaccine delivery
7.5 Tissue engineering
7.6 Vaginal delivery
7.7 Transdermal delivery
8. Patents
9. Future directions and conclusion
References
11 - Bicontinuous particle-stabilized emulsions: structural control for targeted applications
1. Introduction
2. Methods of bijel fabrication
2.1 Thermal quenching of biphasic liquids via spinodal decomposition
2.2 Solvent transfer–induced phase separation
2.3 Direct mixing method
3. Bijel design and structural control
3.1 Controlling the shapes, sizes, and mechanical properties of bijels
4. Effect of biological entities in the fabrication, design and structural control of bijels
5. Applications of bijels
5.1 Accessing the liquid domains of bijels for different applications
5.1.1 Drug delivery
5.2 Biphasic reactive separations
5.3 Food applications
5.4 Postprocessing bijels into polymeric scaffolds for biomedical applications
5.4.1 Bijels as general porous scaffolds
5.5 Tissue engineering applications
5.5.1 Bijel membranes for water filtration, purification, and other applications
6. Conclusion and future perspectives on bijels
References
Further reading
12 - A revolutionary breakthrough of bionanomaterials in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine
1. Introduction
2. History and present status
2.1 History
2.2 Present status
3. Multidimensional bioprinting of tissues and organs
3.1 Bioprinting techniques
3.2 Applications of multidimensional bioprinted tissues and organs
4. Bioprinting and biomodeling of physical and chemical foundation
4.1 Physical intersections
4.1.1 Shear stress
4.1.2 Physical cross-linking
4.1.3 Stiffness
4.1.4 Biophysical cues
4.2 Chemical intersections
4.2.1 Chemical cross-linking
4.2.2 Chemical additives and pH
5. Regeneration of biomedical products
6. Next-generation regenerative therapies
7. Application and challenge: an evolving paradigm
7.1 Skin grafts
7.2 Cartilage
7.3 Bioengineering of the body organs
7.4 Natural or accidental damage to body
7.5 Sports medicine
7.6 Partial or total joint replacements
7.7 Organ-on-a-chip
7.8 Treatment of cancer by using multidimensional models
7.9 Personalized medicine
7.10 Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine in basic and medical research
8. Regulatory affairs in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine
9. Conclusion and future perspective
References
13 - Bionanomaterials for cancer therapy
1. Introduction
2. Cancer disease: types and statistics
3. Anticancer nanocarriers
3.1 Polymeric nanocomposite drug delivery
3.1.1 Polymer–polymer nanocomposites
3.1.2 Polymeric–magnetic nanocomposites
3.1.3 Polymer–metallic nanocomposites
3.1.4 Polymer ceramic nanocomposites
4. Conclusion
References
14 - Bionanomaterials for diagnosis and therapy of SARS-CoV-2
1. Introduction
1.1 Overview
1.2 Genome study and nature of n-CoV-2 virus
1.3 Objective and significance of the chapter
2. Disinfection
3. Detection and diagnostics
4. Medicine
5. Vaccine development
6. Perspective
Acknowledgments
References
15 - Drug delivery systems based on nano-herbal medicine
1. Introduction
2. History and development of herbal medicines
3. Herbal medicine classifications
4. Herbal nano-drug delivery system
5. Roles of nanotechnology in herbal medicines
6. Nanocarriers for herbal medicines
7. Application of herbal nanomedicines
7.1 Anticancer
7.2 Wound healing
7.3 Tissue engineering
7.4 Antioxidants
8. Toxicity issues
9. Future perspective
10. Conclusion
References
Index
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