Biometals in Autism Spectrum Disorders will be the first to focus on trace metals and autism. Compared to other references examining ASDs or metallomics, a focused presentation of the findings of abnormal metal homeostasis in ASD has not yet come to be. This book provides for readers an overview of current findings on trace metal biology with respect to its role in ASD etiology and discusses how abnormal trace metal biology may be a common factor of several genetic and non-genetic causes of ASDs considered unrelated in the past. This will open new vistas for the development of new therapies based on targeted manipulation of trace metal homeostasis and generate awareness that trace metal levels during pregnancy must be tightly monitored. Reviews the role of trace metals in brain development Summarizes research linking trace metals and autism Explores heterogenous phenotypes as a factor of genetic and non-genetic factors Includes animal and human stem research Contains many diagrams, tables, and flow charts Proposes future therapies based on biometal homeostasis
Author(s): Andreas M. Grabrucker
Publisher: Academic Press
Year: 2020
Language: English
Pages: 222
City: London
Front-Matter_2020_Biometals-in-Autism-Spectrum-Disorders
Biometals in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Copyright_2020_Biometals-in-Autism-Spectrum-Disorders
Copyright
Preface_2021_Biometals-in-Autism-Spectrum-Disorders
Preface
References
Acknowledgments_2021_Biometals-in-Autism-Spectrum-Disorders
Acknowledgments
Chapter-1---Introduction-to-metallomics--the-_2020_Biometals-in-Autism-Spect
1 . Introduction to metallomics: the science of biometals
Introduction to metallomics
The metal composition of our body
Metals in the central nervous system
References
Chapter-2---Measuring-biometals_2020_Biometals-in-Autism-Spectrum-Disorders
2 . Measuring biometals
Measuring metals
Measuring metals in biomedical research and the clinics
Detecting metal deficiencies
Measuring zinc
References
Chapter-3---The-history-of-metals-in-autism-_2020_Biometals-in-Autism-Spectr
3 . The history of metals in autism spectrum disorders
The history of autism spectrum disorders
The history of metal abnormalities in autism spectrum disorders—heavy metal pollution
Lead
Mercury
Mercury and vaccination
Cadmium
The history of metal abnormalities in autism spectrum disorders—dyshomeostasis of essential metals
Iron
Zinc
Copper
Other essential metals
References
Chapter-4---Essential-trace-metals-and-their-fu_2020_Biometals-in-Autism-Spe
4 . Essential trace metals and their function in brain development
Trace metals in brain development and function
The role of iron in brain development and function
The role of zinc in brain development and function
The role of copper in brain development and function
The role of manganese, cobalt, and molybdenum in brain development and function
Conclusions
References
Chapter-5---Nonessential-metals-and-their-_2020_Biometals-in-Autism-Spectrum
5 . Nonessential metals and their brain pathology
Pathology of toxic metals
Neurotoxicity of lead
Neurotoxicity of mercury
Neurotoxicity of cadmium
Pathomechanisms of toxic metals in autism spectrum disorder
Competition with essential metals
Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation
Mitochondrial dysfunction
Neuroinflammation and gliosis
Axonal demyelination
Conclusions
References
Chapter-6---Biometals-and-nutrition-in-autis_2020_Biometals-in-Autism-Spectr
6 . Biometals and nutrition in autism spectrum disorders
Absorption and transport of metals
Iron
Zinc
Copper
Manganese, Molybdenum, and Cobalt
Nutritional trace metal needs to maintain an adequate metal status
Nutrition and autism spectrum disorder
Nutritional disorders and autism spectrum disorder
References
Chapter-7---Linking-trace-metal-abnormalities-to-a_2020_Biometals-in-Autism-
7 . Linking trace metal abnormalities to autism—insights from epidemiological studies
Lessons from recent meta-analyses and studies investigating trace metal imbalances and autism spectrum disorder
Investigating maternal metal imbalances
Mineral supplementation in autism spectrum disorder
Iron
Zinc
Copper and other trace metals
Conclusions
References
Chapter-8---The-specific-role-of-zinc-in-auti_2020_Biometals-in-Autism-Spect
8 . The specific role of zinc in autism spectrum disorders
Zinc deficiency as a cause for synaptopathies
Zinc deficiency as a cause for shankopathies
Zinc and other autism spectrum disorder candidate genes
Zinc deficiency and its relation to other autism spectrum disorder risk factors
Conclusions
References
Chapter-9---Animal-models-for-trace-metal-abno_2020_Biometals-in-Autism-Spec
9 . Animal models for trace metal abnormalities—links to autism
Introduction
Zinc-deficient animals
Animals with copper overload
Animals with an overload of mercury and lead
Iron-deficient animals
Conclusions
References
Chapter-10---Animal-models-for-autism-links-to_2020_Biometals-in-Autism-Spec
10 . Animal models for autism—links to biometal abnormalities
Shank2 and Shank3 KO mice
MIA rats/mice
VPA rats/mice
Conclusions
References
Chapter-11---Human-stem-cell-models-linking-bio_2020_Biometals-in-Autism-Spe
11 . Human stem cell models linking biometal abnormalities and autism
Human stem cells to model neuronal trace metal biology in health and ASD
iPSC to model gastrointestinal zinc absorption in ASD
Manipulation of zinc levels in ASD
References
Chapter-12---Extracerebral-biometals-in-autism-sp_2020_Biometals-in-Autism-S
12 . Extracerebral biometals in autism spectrum disorders: the gut–brain axis
Microbiome alterations as a result of trace metal abnormalities
Inflammation as a result of trace metal abnormalities
Conclusions
References
Chapter-13---Biometal-homeostasis-as-a-therapeuti_2020_Biometals-in-Autism-S
13 . Biometal homeostasis as a therapeutic strategy in autism spectrum disorders
Controlling zinc status
Type of supplement
Methods of delivery
Conclusions
References
Chapter-14---Future-perspectives--autism--a-dis_2020_Biometals-in-Autism-Spe
14 . Future perspectives: autism, a disorder of biometal imbalance?
Trace metal imbalances in autism spectrum disorder
Trace metals and altered gut–brain signaling in autism spectrum disorder
Trace metals and immune activation in autism spectrum disorder
Trace metals and other nongenetic factors in autism spectrum disorder
Trace metals and genetic factors in autism spectrum disorders
Conclusions
References
Further reading
Index_2021_Biometals-in-Autism-Spectrum-Disorders
Index
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D
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L
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P
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