Biomedical Applications of Microfluidic Devices introduces the subject of microfluidics and covers the basic principles of design and synthesis of actual microchannels. The book then explores how the devices are coupled to signal read-outs and calibrated, including applications of microfluidics in areas such as tissue engineering, organ-on-a-chip devices, pathogen identification, and drug/gene delivery. This book covers high-impact fields (microarrays, organ-on-a-chip, pathogen detection, cancer research, drug delivery systems, gene delivery, and tissue engineering) and shows how microfluidics is playing a key role in these areas, which are big drivers in biomedical engineering research. This book addresses the fundamental concepts and fabrication methods of microfluidic systems for those who want to start working in the area or who want to learn about the latest advances being made. The subjects covered are also an asset to companies working in this field that need to understand the current state-of-the-art. The book is ideal for courses on microfluidics, biosensors, drug targeting, and BioMEMs, and as a reference for PhD students. The book covers the emerging and most promising areas of biomedical applications of microfluidic devices in a single place and offers a vision of the future. Covers basic principles and design of microfluidics devices Explores biomedical applications to areas such as tissue engineering, organ-on-a-chip, pathogen identification, and drug and gene delivery Includes chemical applications in organic and inorganic chemistry Serves as an ideal text for courses on microfluidics, biosensors, drug targeting, and BioMEMs, as well as a reference for PhD students
Author(s): Michael R. Hamblin; Mahdi Karimi
Publisher: Academic Press
Year: 2020
Language: English
Pages: 350
City: London
Front Matter
Copyright
Dedication
Contributors
Preface
An overview of microfluidic devices
Introduction
Chemical synthesis
Drug delivery
Cell biology
Biosensors
References
Microfluidic devices: Synthetic approaches
Cleanroom
Classification
Cleanroom concepts
Cleanroom equipment
Materials
Polydimethylsiloxane
SU-8
Silicon
Glass
Nonmetal thin films
Metals
Deposition methods
Deposition methods for Si 3 N 4 and SiO 2
Deposition methods for thin metal layers
Deposition methods for thick metal layers
Lithography
Photolithography
Etching techniques
Features of etching procedures
Wet etching of thin films
Isotropic wet etching of silicon and glass
Anisotropic wet etching of silicon
Dry etching methods
Types of molding
Soft lithography
Injection molding
Hot embossing
3D printing
Stereolithography
Fused deposition molding
References
Microchannels for microfluidic systems
Introduction
Cross-section geometry in microchannels in microfluidic systems
Channel design for different flow regimes (turbulent and laminar flow)
Phase study in microfluidic devices and microchannel patterns
Hydrodynamic behavior of the flow in microfluidic systems
The velocity development in the microchannels
Hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity effects in microfluidic systems
Physical specifications of channels in microfluidic systems
Effect of friction coefficient of the microchannels in microfluidic devices
Roughness effects in channels of microfluidic devices
Biomedical applications of transport phenomena in microfluidic systems
Pathogen detection by microchannel devices using nanotechnology
Soft microchannels in biomedical applications
Reusable microchannels in biomedical applications
Conclusions
References
Microarray technologies
Introduction
What are microarrays?
DNA microarrays
Fabrication methods for DNA microarrays
Protein microarrays
Analytical protein microarrays
Functional protein microarrays
Reverse phase microarrays
Fabrication of protein microarrays
Cell microarrays
Microfluidic arrays
Advantages of microfluidic array technology
Disadvantages of microfluidic array technology
Fabrication of microfluidic arrays
Automated microfluidic arrays (lab-on-a-chip systems)
Examples of microfluidic arrays
Conclusion
References
Microfluidics: Organ-on-a-chip
Traditional systems drawbacks
Microfabrication principles
Significant organ-on-a-chip platforms
Lung-on-a-chip
Intestine-on-a-chip
Blood vessel-on-a-chip
Heart-on-a-chip
Liver-on-a-chip
Tumor-on-a-chip
Bone marrow-tumor-on-a-chip
Brain-tumor-on-a-chip
Conclusion and future perspectives
References
Microfluidic devices for pathogen detection
Introduction
Sample preparation for microfluidics devices
Microfluidic devices integrated with different technologies for the detection of pathogens
Biosensor-based microfluidics
Optical-based microfluidics
Fluorescence-based microfluidics
Chemiluminescence-based microfluidics
Plasmonic-based microfluidics
Colorimetric-based microfluidics
Electrochemical-based microfluidics
PCR-based microfluidic systems
Mass spectrometry-based microfluidics
Conclusions
References
Microfluidic devices and drug delivery systems
Introduction to microfluidics
Fabrication of the microfluidic device
Geometry
Materials
Applications of microfluidic devices
Microfluidic devices in drug delivery systems
Microfluidics in the fabrication of drug delivery carriers
Self-assembled drug carriers
Droplet-based carriers
Nonspherical carriers and particles
Effective parameters for the production of carriers
Carrier materials
Examples of immobilization of drugs using microfluidic technology for drug delivery
Benefits of using microfluidics in drug delivery systems
Direct drug delivery via microfluidic systems
Localized drug delivery
Skin anatomy and transdermal drug delivery
Microneedles
Microfluidics for drug delivery: Cellular and organ level
On-site analysis
Protein crystallization
Organ-on-a-chip
The role of microfluidic technology for cancer cell studies
Autonomous and smart integrated drug delivery microfluidic platforms
Conclusions and future directions
References
Microfluidic devices for gene delivery systems
Introduction
Microfluidic devices for production of nonviral vectors (micro/NPs)
Continuous flow systems
Droplet-based microfluidic devices
Microfluidic devices based on physical methods for genes transfection
Electroporation
Microinjection
Hydrodynamics-based transfection
Conclusions
References
Microfluidic devices in tissue engineering
Introduction
Fabrication techniques in microfluidic devices
Etching
Thermoforming
Micromachining
Polymer casting
Materials used in microfluidic devices
Polymers
Hydrogels
Inorganic materials
Research progress in microfluidics-based tissue engineering
Scaffold fabrication using microfluidics
Microfluidic-based microfibrous structures
Microfluidic-based microparticles
Stem cell-based microfluidics systems
Organomimetic prospects in microfluidics
Liver-on-a-chip
Gut-on-a-chip
Brain-on-a-chip
Kidney-on-a-chip
Heart-on-a-chip
Microfluidic models of cancer tissue
Cancer cells 2D and 3D culture and co-culture
In vitro models of tumor spheroids and tumor tissue
In vitro models of tumor including multiorgans
Conclusions and challenges
References
Microfluidics in organic chemistry
Introduction
Microfluidic devices used in organic chemistry
Effect of microfluidics on reducing by-products in organic synthesis
Effect of microfluidics on mass transfer in organic synthesis
Microreactors for the high-temperature synthesis
Effect of microfluidics on control of conversion and selectivity in organic synthesis
Multiphase microfluidic strategies for the synthesis of microparticles
Summary
References
Microfluidic paper-based devices
Introduction
Fabrication techniques
Physical techniques
Wax printing
Plotting
Inkjet etching
Flexographic printing
Laser treatment
Ink stamping
Shaping and cutting of the paper
Lacquer spraying
Screen printing
Chemical techniques
Photolithography
Plasma treatment
Inkjet printing
Chemical vapor-phase deposition
Wet etching
Fabrication techniques for 3D μPADs
Stacking technique
Origami
Applications of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices
Biochemical detection
Immunological detection
Molecular detection
Other detection approaches
References
Smartphone-based microfluidic devices
Introduction
Utilization of MS 2 for biomedical diagnosis
Detection of pathogens using MS 2
Analysis of genes
Analysis of food safety and environmental contamination using MS 2
Identification of heavy metal pollution
Identification of bacterial contaminants
Tests for pH, nitrate and nitrite
Applications of MS 2 for routine clinical testing
References
Targeted delivery of nucleic acids using microfluidic systems
Introduction
Structure of nucleic acids
Primary structure
Secondary structure
The tertiary structure of nucleic acids
The quaternary structure of nucleic acids
Structures of natural and artificial nucleic acids
DNA chemical structure
RNA chemical structure
Aptamer chemical structures
Peptide nucleic acids
Locked nucleic acids (LNA)
Therapeutic potential of nucleic acids
DNA-based approaches
Plasmid DNA
Oligonucleotides and antisense oligonucleotides
RNA-based approaches
Small interfering RNAs
Short hairpin RNAs (shRNA)
microRNAs (miRNAs)
Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs)
An overview of fluidic and microfluidic systems
Mechanisms in microfluidic systems
Applications of microfluidic systems to nucleic acid transfection
Future prospects for microfluidic systems related to nucleic acids
Conclusions
References
Microfluidics: Future perspectives
Introduction
Future prospective in biology and health
Future prospectives in chemistry
Future industrial applications and commercialization
Closing words
References
Index
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
V
W
Y
