This reference is a guide to biomaterial fabrication techniques. The book comprises ten chapters introducing the reader to a range of biomaterial synthesis while highlighting biomedical applications. Each chapter presents a review of the topic followed by updated information about relevant core and applied concepts in an easy to understand format. The first two chapters present vital information about biomaterial components, such as polymer nanocomposites and scaffolds, and the strategies used for their fabrication. The proceeding chapters explain the principles of the most widely used fabrication techniques, and their application in detail. These include freeze drying, electrospinning, 3D printing, multiphoton lithography, particulate leaching, supramolecular self assembly, solvent casting and melt molding. The book is an essential primer on biomaterial synthesis for students and early career researchers in the field of biomedical engineering, applied chemistry and tissue engineering.
Author(s): Adnan Haider, Sajjad Haider
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 295
City: Singapore
Cover
Title
Copyright
End User License Agreement
Contents
Foreword
Preface
List of Contributors
Introduction to Biomaterials and Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering
Khalil K. Hussain1,* and Muhammad Naeem2
INTRODUCTION
BIOMATERIALS FOR SCAFFOLD FABRICATION
Ceramics
Polymers
Metals
Composites
Hydrogels
Methodologies for Scaffold Production
Scaffold Design and Properties Relationship
Current Scaffold Fabrication Technologies
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Biocomposites for Tissue Engineering
Amjad Khan1,* and Naeem Khan2
INTRODUCTION
BIOMATERIALS FOR TISSUE ENGINEERING
SCAFFOLDS FOR TISSUE ENGINEERING
BIOMATERIALS FOR SCAFFOLD PREPARATION
Ceramics
Bio Glass
Alumina (Al2O3)
Zirconia oxide (ZrO2)
Polymers
Collagen and its Derivatives
Polysaccharides
Synthetic Polymers
Metals
Stainless Steel
Composite
Hydrogel
Natural Hydrogels
Synthetic Hydrogels
Semi-Synthetic Hydrogels
Durable Hydrogels
Biodegradable Hydrogels
TECHNIQUES USED FOR THE PREPARATION OF SCAFFOLDS
Solvent Casting / Particulate Leaching
Melt Molding / Particulate Leaching
Gas Foaming
Phase Inversion / Particulate Leaching
Fiber Bonding
Freeze Drying Method
Solid Free Form Fabrication
Three Dimensional Printing
Fused Deposition Modeling
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Freeze Drying: A Versatile Technique for Fabrication of Porous Biomaterials
Shaukat Khan1,*, Muhammad Umar Aslam Khan2,3,4 and Zahoor Ullah5
INTRODUCTION
THE FREEZE-DRYING PROCESS
CONTROLLED FREEZING
Directional Freezing
Spray-Freezing into Liquid (SFL)
POROUS STRUCTURES
Aqueous Solutions
Aqueous Colloidal Suspensions
Organic Solutions
Emulsions
MICRO- AND NANOWIRES
Micro- And Nanoparticles
Potential Application of Freeze Drying
CONCLUSION AND PROSPECTS
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Centrifugal and Solution Blow Spinning Techniques in Tissue Engineering
Muhammad Umar Aslam Khan1,*, Saiful Izwan Abd. Razak1,2, Rawaiz Khan1,3, Sajjad Haider4, Mohsin Ali Raza5, Rashid Amin6, Saqlain A. Shah7 and Anwarul Hasan8,9
INTRODUCTION
CONVENTIONAL FABRICATION TECHNIQUES
Electrospinning Technique
Melt Blowing Technique
Bicomponent Fibre Spinning
Phase Separation Technique
Template Synthesis Technique
Self-Assembly Technique
Limitation of Conventional Techniques
Centrifugal Spinning
Centrifugal Spinning Systems
Rotating Head
Nanofiber Collecting System
Types of Centrifugal Spinning Nanofibers
Polymer Nanofibers
Carbon Nanofibers
Ceramic Nanofibers
Processing Centrifugal Spinning
Fluid Properties
Operational Conditions
BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF SBS
APPLICATION IN TISSUE ENGINEERING
Synthetic Extracellular Matrix
Biological Response to Nanofibrous
CONCLUSION AND PROSPECTS
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Electrospun Nanofibers Scaffolds: Fabrication, Characterization and Biomedical Applications
Murtada A. Oshi1, Abdul Muhaymin2, Ammara Safdar2, Meshal Gul3, Kainat Tufail3, Fazli Khuda3, Sultan Ullah4, Fakhar-ud-Din5, Fazli Subhan6 and Muhammad Naeem6,*
INTRODUCTION
Fundamental Aspects of Electrospinning
Electrospinning Techniques for ESNFs Fabrication
Blending Electrospinning
Coaxial Electrospinning
Emulsion Electrospinning
Melt Electrospinning
Materials used for Fabrication of ESNFs
Parameters Affect Electrospinning
Solution Parameters
Processing Parameters
Environmental Parameters
Mechanisms of Drug Loading into ESNFs
Blending Method
Core/Sheath Method
Encapsulation Method
Attachment Method
Characterization of ESNFs
Physical Characterization
Morphology
Surface Area
Tool used for Chemical Characterization of ESNFs
Biomedical Applications of ESNFs
ESNFs as Drug Delivery Carrier
ESNFs in Tissue Engineering
ESNFs in Wound Healing
ESNFs in Cancer Therapy
ESNFs for Dentistry Applications
ESNFs in Imaging and Biosensing for Disease Diagnostics/Prognosis
ESNFs in Membranes for Medical Filtration and Dialysis
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
3D Printed Biomaterials and their Scaffolds for Biomedical Engineering
Rabail Zehra Raza1, Arun Kumar Jaiswal2,3, Muhammad Faheem1, Sandeep Tiwari2, Raees Khan1, Siomar de Castro Soares3, Asmat Ullah Khan4, Vasco Azevedo2 and Syed Babar Jamal1,*
INTRODUCTION
Three-Dimensional Printing (3DP) Technologies
3D Printing Types in Biomedical Applications
Powder-Based Printing
Liquid Reservoir
Sheets of Material
Nanofabrication
Biocompatible 3D Printing Materials
Bioinks
Biomaterial Inks
Synthetic Hydrogels
Thermoplastics and Resins
Ceramics
Metal Implants
HEALTHCARE APPLICATIONS
Tissue Engineering
3D Models and Organoids
Implants
Tissue Regeneration
Implant-Tissue Interface
Dentistry
Orthopedics
Drug Delivery
Tablets
Transdermal Delivery
Drug-Releasing Implants
Surgical Tools
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Fabrication of Photosensitive Polymers-based Biomaterials through Multiphoton Lithography
Mohammad Sherjeel Javed Khan1, Sehrish Manan2, Ronan R. McCarthy3 and Muhammad Wajid Ullah2,*
INTRODUCTION
MULTIPHOTON LITHOGRAPHIC PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION
MULTIPHOTON POLYMERIZATION TOOLS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF BIOMATERIALS
CHEMISTRY OF MPL PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION
Photo Polymerization
Photoinitiators
Photopolymer Chemistry
PHOTOCHEMICAL DECOMPOSITION AND POLYMERIZATION
Initiator-Facilitated Photo Polymerization
Photocage-Facilitated Photoconjugation
General Photoconjugation
Light-Induced Decomposition
Revocable Photoconjugation
APPLICATIONS
Biomaterials Synthesis
Modulation of Biological Materials
LIMITATIONS OF MPL TO BIOLOGICAL DESIGN
CONCLUSIONS
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Particulate Leaching (Salt Leaching) Technique for Fabrication of Biomaterials
Nurhasni Hasan1,*, Aliyah Putranto1, Sumarheni and Andi Arjuna1
INTRODUCTION
PARTICULATE LEACHING (SALT LEACHING) TECHNIQUE
Polymers
Salt
Methods
1. Conventional Salt Leaching
2. Combination of Melt Mixing and Particulate Leaching
3. High Compression Molding-Salt Leaching
4. Gas Foaming-Salt Leaching
5. Salt Leaching Electrospinning (SLE)
6. Salt Leaching Using Powder (SLUP)
Advantage and Disadvantage of Scaffolds Produced by Salt Leaching Technique
PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS
1. Pore Size
2. Porosity
3. Mechanical Properties
4. Interconnected 3D Structures
BIOMATERIALS PREPARED WITH PARTICULATE LEACHING TECHNIQUE
POROUS 3D SCAFFOLD APPLICATIONS WITH SALT LEACHING TECHNIQUE
Bone Engineering
Neuronal Retinal Precursor Cells
Skin Substitutes
FUTURE PROSPECT
CONCLUDING REMARK
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Principles of Supra Molecular Self Assembly and Use of Fiber mesh Scaffolds in the Fabrication of Biomaterials
Haseeb Ahsan1,2, Salman Ul Islam1,3, Muhammad Bilal Ahmed1, Adeeb Shehzad4, Mazhar Ul Islam5, Young Sup Lee1 and Jong Kyung Sonn1,*
INTRODUCTION TO SELF ASSEMBLY
Molecular Forces Responsible for Self-Assembly
Electrostatic Forces
Hydrophobic Interactions
Aromatic Stacking (Pi-Pi Stacking)
Hydrogen Bonding
DESIGNING SUPRAMOLECULAR BIOMATERIALS
Dendritic Molecules
Surfactants
Lipids
Amphiphilic Peptides
Surfactant-Like Peptides
Peptide Amphiphiles (PAs)
Drug Amphiphiles
Multi-Domain Peptides
Aromatic Peptides and Derivatives
Nanogels
SELF-ASSEMBLY OF CARBON-BASED NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS
Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)
Graphene
FIBERMESH SCAFFOLDS IN TISSUE ENGINEERING
CHITOSAN FIBER MESH SCAFFOLDS
CHITOSAN/POLYCAPROLACTONE (CHT/PCL) BLEND FIBER MESH SCAFFOLDS
CONCLUDING REMARKS
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Solvent Casting and Melt Molding Techniques for Fabrication of Biomaterials
Atiya Fatima1, Md. Wasi Ahmed1, Muhammad Wajid Ullah2,3, Sehrish Manan2,3, Shaukat Khan1, Aref Ahmad Wazwaz1 and Mazhar Ul-Islam1,*
INTRODUCTION
Biomaterials
FABRICATION TECHNIQUES
Solvent Casting
Melt Casting/Molding
Compression Molding Technologies
Compression Molding/Particulate Leaching
Compression Molding/Phase Separation
Compression Molding/Solvent Casting/Particulate Leaching
Wire-Network Molding
Injection Molding Technologies
Extrusion Techniques
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE REMARKS
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Subject Index
