Biology Today and Tomorrow With Physiology

Cover
Brief Contents
Contents
Preface
Academic Advisors
Student and Instructor Resources
Chapter 1: Invitation to Biology
1.1 The Secret Life of Earth
1.2 Life Is More Than the Sum of Its Parts
1.3 How Living Things Are Alike
1.4 How Living Things Differ
1.5 The Science of Nature
1.6 Analyzing Experimental Results
1.7 The Nature of Science
Summary
Chapter 2: Molecules of Life
2.1 A Big Fat Problem
2.2 Atoms
2.3 Chemical Bonds
2.4 Special Properties of Water
2.5 Acids and Bases
2.6 The Chemistry of Biology
2.7 Carbohydrates
2.8 Lipids
2.9 Proteins
2.10 Nucleic Acids
Summary
Chapter 3: Cell Structure
3.1 Food for Thought
3.2 What Is a Cell?
3.3 Cell Membrane Structure
3.4 Prokaryotic Cells
3.5 Eukaryotic Organelles
3.6 Elements of Connection
3.7 The Nature of Life
Summary
Chapter 4: Energy and Metabolism
4.1 A Toast to Alcohol Dehydrogenase
4.2 Life Runs on Energy
4.3 Energy in the Molecules of Life
4.4 Enzymes and Metabolic Pathways
4.5 Diffusion across Membranes
4.6 Membrane Transport Mechanisms
Summary
Chapter 5: Photosynthesis
5.1 A Burning Concern
5.2 Overview of Photosynthesis
5.3 Light Energy
5.4 Light-Dependent Reactions
5.5 Light-Independent Reactions
Summary
Chapter 6: Releasing Chemical Energy
6.1 Risky Business
6.2 Carbohydrate Breakdown Pathways
6.3 Aerobic Respiration
6.4 Fermentation
6.5 Food as a Source of Energy
Summary
Chapter 7: DNA Structure and Function
7.1 A Hero Dog's Golden Clones
7.2 The Function of DNA
7.3 The Structure of DNA
7.4 Eukaryotic Chromosomes
7.5 DNA Replication
7.6 Mutations
Summary
Chapter 8: Gene Expression and Control
8.1 Ricin, RIP
8.2 DNA, RNA, and Gene Expression
8.3 Transcription: DNA to RNA
8.4 RNAs in Translation
8.5 Translation: RNA to Protein
8.6 Products of Mutated Genes
8.7 Control of Gene Expression
Summary
Chapter 9: How Cells Reproduce
9.1 Henrietta's Immortal Cells
9.2 Multiplication by Division
9.3 Mitosis and Cytoplasmic Division
9.4 Cell Cycle Control
9.5 Sex and Alleles
9.6 Meiosis in Sexual Reproduction
Summary
Chapter 10: Patterns of Inheritance
10.1 Menacing Mucus
10.2 Tracking Traits
10.3 Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
10.4 Non-Mendelian Inheritance
10.5 Complex Variation in Traits
10.6 Human Genetic Analysis
10.7 Inheritance Patterns in Humans
10.8 Changes in Chromosome Number
10.9 Genetic Testing
Summary
Chapter 11: Biotechnology
11.1 Personal Genetic Testing
11.2 Working with DNA
11.3 Studying DNA
11.4 Genetic Engineering
11.5 Editing Genomes
Summary
Chapter 12: Evidence of Evolution
12.1 Reflections of a Distant Past
12.2 Old Beliefs, New Discoveries
12.3 Natural Selection
12.4 Fossil Evidence
12.5 Changes in the History of Earth
12.6 Evidence in Form and Function
12.7 Molecular Evidence
Summary
Chapter 13: Processes of Evolution
13.1 Farming Superbugs
13.2 Alleles in Populations
13.3 Patterns of Natural Selection
13.4 Natural Selection and Diversity
13.5 Nonselective Evolution
13.6 Speciation
13.7 Macroevolution
13.8 Phylogeny
Summary
Chapter 14: Prokaryotes, Protists, and Viruses
14.1 The Human Microbiota
14.2 Origin of Cellular Life
14.3 Early Life
14.4 Modern Bacteria and Archaea
14.5 Origin of Eukaryotes
14.6 Protists
14.7 Viruses
Summary
Chapter 15: Plants and Fungi
15.1 Fungal Threats to Crops
15.2 Plant Traits and Evolution
15.3 Nonvascular Plants
15.4 Seedless Vascular Plants
15.5 Rise of the Seed Plants
15.6 Gymnosperms
15.7 Angiosperms-Flowering Plants
15.8 Fungal Traits and Diversity
15.9 Ecological Roles of Fungi
Summary
Chapter 16: Animal Evolution
16.1 Medicines from the Sea
16.2 Traits and Evolutionary Trends
16.3 Sponges and Cnidarians
16.4 Flatworms, Annelids, and Mollusks
16.5 Roundworms and Arthropods
16.6 Echinoderms and Chordates
16.7 Fishes and Amphibians
16.8 Escape from Water-Amniotes
16.9 Primate and Human Evolution
Summary
Chapter 17: Population Ecology
17.1 Managing Canada Geese
17.2 Characteristics of Populations
17.3 Models of Population Growth
17.4 Life History Patterns
17.5 Human Populations
Summary
Chapter 18: Communities and Ecosystems
18.1 Invasion of the Red Imported Fire Ants
18.2 Community Structure
18.3 Direct Species Interactions
18.4 How Communities Change
18.5 The Nature of Ecosystems
18.6 The Water, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Cycles
18.7 The Carbon Cycle and Climate Change
Summary
Chapter 19: The Biosphere and Human Effects
19.1 Decline of the Monarchs
19.2 Climate and the Distribution of Biomes
19.3 Forest Biomes
19.4 Grasslands, Chaparral, Deserts, and Tundra
19.5 Aquatic Ecosystems
19.6 Global Effects of Pollution
19.7 Conservation Biology
Summary
Chapter 20: Animal Tissues and Organs
20.1 Growing Replacement Parts
20.2 Animal Structure and Function
20.3 Epithelial Tissues
20.4 Connective Tissues
20.5 Muscle Tissues and Nervous Tissues
20.6 Organs and Organ Systems
20.7 Regulating Body Temperature
Summary
Chapter 21: How Animals Move
21.1 Bulking Up Muscles
21.2 Skeletal Systems
21.3 Skeletal Muscles
21.4 How Muscle Contracts
21.5 Fueling Muscle Contraction
21.6 Exercise and Inactivity
Summary
Chapter 22: Circulation and Respiration
22.1 A Shocking Save
22.2 Circulatory Systems
22.3 Human Cardiovascular System
22.4 The Human Heart
22.5 Blood
22.6 Blood Vessel Form and Function
22.7 Cardiovascular Disorders
22.8 Animal Respiratory Systems
22.9 Human Respiratory Function
Summary
Chapter 23: Immunity
23.1 Frankie's Last Wish
23.2 Integrated Responses to Threats
23.3 Surface Barriers
23.4 Mechanisms of Innate Immunity
23.5 Antigen Receptors
23.6 Adaptive Immune Responses
23.7 Immune Malfunction
23.8 Vaccines
Summary
Chapter 24: Digestion and Excretion
24.1 Causes and Effects of Obesity
24.2 Digestive Systems
24.3 Digestive Structure and Function
24.4 Human Nutrition
24.5 Osmoregulation
24.6 Kidney Function
Summary
Chapter 25: Neural Control and the Senses
25.1 Impacts of Concussions
25.2 Animal Nervous Systems
25.3 Neuron Structure and Function
25.4 Synaptic Transmission
25.5 The Central Nervous System
25.6 The Peripheral Nervous System
25.7 The Senses
Summary
Chapter 26: Endocrine Control
26.1 Endocrine Disrupters
26.2 Hormone Function
26.3 The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland
26.4 The Pineal Gland
26.5 Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
26.6 The Pancreas
26.7 The Adrenal Glands
26.8 Sex Hormones
Summary
Chapter 27: Animal Reproduction and Development
27.1 Assisted Reproductive Technology
27.2 Modes of Reproduction
27.3 Stages of Animal Development
27.4 The Human Reproductive System
27.5 Bringing Gametes Together
27.6 Human Development
27.7 Birth and Lactation
27.8 Fertility and Reproductive Health
Summary
Chapter 28: Plant Form and Function
28.1 Leafy Cleanup Crews
28.2 Tissues in a Plant Body
28.3 Stems and Leaves
28.4 Roots
28.5 Fluid Movement in Plants
28.6 Patterns of Growth
Summary
Chapter 29: Life Cycles of Flowering Plants
29.1 Plight of the Honeybee
29.2 Flower Structure and Function
29.3 Sexual Reproduction in the Flowering Plant
29.4 Seeds and Fruits
29.5 Early Development
29.6 Asexual Reproduction in Plants
29.7 Plant Hormones
29.8 Growth Responses
Summary
Appendix I: Answers to Self-Quizzes
Appendix II: Periodic Table of the Elements
Appendix III: A Plain English Map of the Human Chromosomes
Glossary
Index