product iamge

Biology of Vascular Smooth Muscle: Vasoconstriction and Dilatation

This document was uploaded by one of our users. The uploader already confirmed that they had the permission to publish it. If you are author/publisher or own the copyright of this documents, please report to us by using this DMCA report form.

Download
Search on Amazon

Simply click on the Download Book button.

Yes, Book downloads on Ebookily are 100% Free.

Sometimes the book is free on Amazon As well, so go ahead and hit "Search on Amazon"

This book provides a concise yet comprehensive review of the morphological, biochemical, electrical, mechanical, and metabolic properties of vascular smooth muscle, the regulation of vascular activities and the intracellular signaling involved. It particularly focuses on newly identified vasoactive agents, enzymes and transduction mechanisms. It also discusses the latest findings in the regulation of cerebral, coronary and pulmonary circulation as well as vascular activity under hypoxia and ageing. The second edition intends to update the contents of the first edition with the latest achievements in the regulation of vascular activities from biochemical, structural, genetic, physiological, and pharmacological aspects. In addition, two new chapters related to microRNA and extracellular vesicles have been added to reflect their newly discovered important roles in vascular activities.

The contraction and dilatation activities of vasculature are of fundamental importance for maintaining circulation homeostasis and adapting to physiological changes. Over the last four decades, there have been significant advances in our understanding of the biochemical, structural, genetic, physiological, and pharmacological aspects of vascular activity regulation, and these insights into the responsiveness of blood vessels under normal and pathophysiological conditions help to provide valuable weapons in the fight vascular diseases. The book is of interest to researchers and graduate students, both in basic research and in clinic settings, in the field of vascular biology.

Author(s): Yuansheng Gao
Edition: 2
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2022

Language: English
Pages: 421
City: Singapore

Preface to the Second Edition
Contents
Part I: General Properties of Vasculature
Chapter 1: Architecture of the Blood Vessels
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Architecture of the Arteries
1.3 Capillaries and Microcirculation
1.4 Architecture of the Veins
1.5 Gap Junctions
1.6 Vasa Vasorum
1.7 Adventitia and Perivascular Cells
References
Chapter 2: Ultrastructure of Vascular Smooth Muscle
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Thin Filaments
2.3 Thick Filaments
2.4 Organization of the Thin and Thick Filaments
2.5 Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
2.6 Mitochondria
2.7 Cytoskeleton
References
Chapter 3: Vascular Endothelium
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Permeability Activity: The Paracellular Route
3.3 Permeability Activity: The Transcellular Route
3.4 Leukocyte Transendothelial Migration
3.5 Modulation of Coagulation and Fibrinolysis
3.6 Vasculogenesis and Angiogenesis
References
Chapter 4: Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Vascular Smooth Muscle
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Electrical Properties of Vascular Smooth Muscle
4.3 Ionic Channels
4.4 Slow Waves and Vasomotion
4.5 Mechanical Properties of Vascular Smooth Muscle
4.6 Elastic and Collagenous Fibers
References
Chapter 5: Biochemistry of the Contractile Proteins of Smooth Muscle
5.1 Introduction
5.2 The Structural Basis of the Myosin Motor Activity
5.3 The Cross-Bridge Cycle
5.4 Heterogeneous Activities of Myosin Heavy Chain Isoforms
5.5 Myosin Light Chains
5.6 The Latch State
References
Chapter 6: Metabolism of Vascular Smooth Muscle
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Energy Metabolism
6.3 Glucose Metabolism
6.4 Lipid Metabolism
6.5 Amino Acid Metabolism
References
Part II: Regulators of Vasoreactivity
Chapter 7: Neurotransmitters
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Innervation
7.3 G Protein-Coupled Receptor
7.4 Adrenergic Signaling
7.5 Muscarinic Signaling
7.6 Purinergic Signaling
7.7 Signalings Via Neuropeptides
References
Chapter 8: Endothelium-Derived Factors
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Endothelium-Derived NO
8.3 Prostaglandin I2
8.4 Endothelium-Dependent Hyperpolarization
8.5 ET-1
References
Chapter 9: Local Metabolic Factors and Vasoactivity
9.1 Introduction
9.2 O2 Tension
9.3 CO2 and pH
9.4 Potassium
9.5 Adenosine
9.6 Lactate
9.7 Redundant Regulation of Exercise-Induced Vasodilatation
References
Chapter 10: Shear Stress, Myogenic Response, and Blood Flow Autoregulation
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Shear Stress
10.3 Myogenic Response
10.4 Blood Flow Autoregulation
References
Part III: Intracellular Signalings
Chapter 11: Intracellular Ca2+ Regulation
11.1 Introduction
11.2 The Maintenance of Basal Cytosolic Ca2+ Levels
11.3 Ca2+ Entry Through Plasma Membrane Channels upon Membrane Depolarization
11.4 Stimulated Ca2+ Release from Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
11.5 Store-Operated Ca2+ Entry
11.6 Ca2+ Dynamics in VSMCs
References
Chapter 12: Regulation of Myosin Light Chain Phosphorylation
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Myosin Light Chain Phosphorylation
12.3 Myosin Light Chain Kinase
12.4 Myosin Light Chain Phosphatase
12.5 Protein Kinase C Signaling
12.6 Rho Kinase Signaling
References
Chapter 13: Cyclic AMP Signaling
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Adenylyl Cyclases
13.3 cAMP Hydrolyzing Phosphodiesterases
13.4 PKA
13.5 Epac
13.6 CNG Channels
References
Chapter 14: Cyclic GMP Signaling
14.1 Introduction
14.2 sGC
14.3 pGCs
14.4 cGMP Hydrolyzing PDEs
14.5 cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase
14.6 CNG Channels
References
Chapter 15: MicroRNAs and Vascular Activity
15.1 Introduction
15.2 miRNA Biogenesis
15.3 Mechanisms of miRNA-Mediated Gene Regulation
15.4 MiRNAs and Vascular Contractility
15.5 miRNAs as Biomarkers for Vascular Diseases
15.6 Therapeutic Potential of miRNAs in Vascular Diseases
References
Chapter 16: Extracellular Vesicles and Vascular Activity
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Biogenesis of Extracellular Vesicles
16.3 Extracellular Vesicles as Intercellular Messengers
16.4 Extracellular Vesicles and Vascular Homeostasis
16.5 Extracellular Vesicles and Vascular Diseases
16.6 Therapeutic Application of Extracellular Vesicles
References
Part IV: Heterogeneity in Vasoreactivity
Chapter 17: Coronary Vasoreactivity
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Coronary Anatomy
17.3 Characteristics of Coronary Circulation
17.4 Myocardial Blood Flow and Myocardial Metabolism
17.5 Coronary Vasoreactivity and Hemodynamic Influence
17.6 Endothelium-Derived Vasoactive Factors and Coronary Vasoreactivity
17.7 Neuronal Influences on Coronary Vasoreactivity
References
Chapter 18: Cerebral Vasoreactivity
18.1 Introduction
18.2 The Anatomy of Cerebral Circulation
18.3 Cerebral Autoregulation
18.4 Neurovascular Coupling
18.5 Regulation of Cerebral Vasoreactivity
18.6 Autonomic Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow
References
Chapter 19: Pulmonary Vasoreactivity
19.1 Introduction
19.2 The Anatomy of Pulmonary Vasculature
19.3 Characteristics of Pulmonary Circulation
19.4 Effects of Gravity and Alveolar Pressure on Pulmonary Perfusion
19.5 Effect of Lung Volume
19.6 Pulmonary Vascular Pressure and Flow
19.7 Endothelium and Pulmonary Vasoactivity
19.8 Autonomic Nervous Influence
19.9 Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction (HPV)
References
Chapter 20: Hypoxic Vasoreactivity
20.1 Introduction
20.2 ROS and Hypoxic Vasoactivity
20.3 Redox Modulation of Hypoxic Vasoactivity
20.4 AMPK and Hypoxic Vasoactivity
20.5 Erythrocyte-Dependent Hypoxic Vasoactivity
20.6 HIFs and Hypoxic Vasoactivity
References
Chapter 21: Ageing and Vasoreactivity
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Telomere and Vascular Ageing
21.3 Metabolism-Related Signalings and Vascular Ageing
21.4 Mitochondria and Vascular Ageing
21.5 Structural Characteristics of Ageing Blood Vessels
21.6 Functional Changes of Ageing Blood Vessels
References