There is an increasing interest in plants of the Moringa genus used as a source of phytochemicals with biopharmaceutical potential, as a functional ingredient in many products and as an additive in poultry feeding stocks. Biological and Pharmacological Properties of the Genus Moringa is the first publication to comprehensively assess the latest research on Moringa studies. This book reviews recent studies covering the botanical, agronomical, genomic, biotechnological, and ethnopharmacological aspects. It presents specialized work in a user-friendly way that will appeal to undergraduates, graduates and researchers primarily in ethnopharmacology, functional foods and with a linkage to veterinary treatments.
Key Features
Describes the ethnopharmacological and ethnobotanical use of plants from all Moringa species
Presents recent information that will be helpful for the future development of biopharmaceuticals
Reviews the phytochemical content from all Moringa species
Assesses the potential of all Moringa species as a functional ingredient
Author(s): J. Basilio Heredia, Erick P. Gutiérrez-Grijalva
Publisher: CRC Press
Year: 2021
Language: English
Pages: 211
City: Boca Raton
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
About the Editors
List of Contributors
1 The Moringa Genus: Botanical and Agricultural Research
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Botanical Description
1.2.1 Taxonomy
1.2.2 Morphological Characteristics
1.2.2.1 Moringa Arborea Verdc.
1.2.2.2 Moringa Borziana Mattei
1.2.2.3 Moringa Concanensis Nimmo
1.2.2.4 Moringa Drouhardii Jum.
1.2.2.5 Moringa Hildebrandtii Engl.
1.2.2.6 Moringa Longituba Engl.
1.2.2.7 Moringa Oleifera Lam.
1.2.2.8 Moringa Ovalifolia Dinter & Berger
1.2.2.9 Moringa Peregrine (Forssk.) Fiori
1.2.2.10 Moringa Pygmaea Verdc.
1.2.2.11 Moringa Rivae Chiov.
1.2.2.12 Moringa Ruspoliana Engl.
1.2.2.13 Moringa Stenopetala (Bak. F.) Cuf.
1.2.3 Moringa Oleifera Lam
1.3 Occurrence and Distribution
1.4 Agricultural Research
1.4.1 Cultivation and Propagation
1.4.2 Pests and Diseases
1.5 Conclusions
References
2 Genetic Diversity of the Moringa Genus
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Molecular Markers
2.2.1 Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP)
2.2.2 Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna (RAPD)
2.2.3 Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP)
2.2.4 Microsatellites
2.2.5 Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR)
2.2.6 Randomly Amplified Microsatellite Polymorphism (RAMP)
2.2.7 Sequence-related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP)
2.2.8 Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS)
2.2.9 Start Codon Targeted Polymorphism (SCoT)
2.2.10 Cytochrome P450 (CYTP450)
2.2.11 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs)
2.3 Genetic Diversity of the Moringa Genus Using Molecular Markers
2.3.1 Moringa Oleifera
2.3.2 Moringa Peregrina
2.3.3 Moringa Stenopetala
2.3.4 Moringa Ovalifolia
2.4 Advantages and Limitations of Molecular Markers Used to Analyze the Genetic Diversity in Moringa Species
2.5 Conservation and Breeding of Moringa Species Using Molecular Markers
2.6 Perspectives
2.7 Conclusions
References
3 Agronomical Aspects of Moringa Oleifera (Moringa)
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Environmental Adaptation
3.2.1 Variants
3.3 Flowering and Fruiting
3.4 Phenological Characterization of Moringa Oleifera
3.5 Edaphoclimatic Requirements
3.5.1 Soil
3.5.2 Water
3.5.3 Temperature
3.6 Particularities of the Crop
3.6.1 Crop Propagation Methods
3.6.2 Plantation
3.6.2.1 Seed Selection
3.6.2.2 Seed Activation
3.6.2.3 Planting Methods
3.6.3 Sowing
3.6.4 Compost and Fertilization
3.6.5 Pruning
3.6.6 Harvest
3.6.6.1 Foliage Harvest
3.6.6.2 Pods
3.6.6.3 Seed
3.7 Leaf Quality Parameters
3.8 Crop Pests and Diseases
3.9 Agronomic and Nutritional Advantages of Moringa over Other Crops
3.10 Aspects and Economic Importance of the Moringa Cultivation
3.11 Future Agro-Industrial Applications
3.12 Conclusion
References
4 Moringa: Phytochemical and Health Benefits
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Chemical Composition of Moringa
4.3 Phytochemicals
4.3.1 Phenolic Acids
4.3.2 Flavonoids
4.3.3 Tannins
4.3.4 Glucosinolates
4.3.5 Sterols
4.3.6 Fatty Acids
4.4 Applications
4.4.1 Antioxidant Activity
4.4.2 Antimicrobial Potential
4.4.3 Antiviral Activity
4.4.4 Modulation of Blood Glucose
4.4.5 Anti-Inflammatory Activity
4.4.6 Anticancer Activity
4.4.7 Other Activities
4.5 Conclusion
References
5 Quality Control and Safety of Moringa
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Regulation of Moringa Products
5.3 Safety of Moringa
5.3.1 Trials in Animals
5.3.2 Human Trials
5.4 Quality Control of Moringa Products
5.4.1 Heavy Metals
5.4.2 Pesticides
5.4.3 Microbiology
5.5 Conclusion
References
6 Phytochemicals from Moringa Species
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Polyphenol Compounds from Moringa Species
6.2.1 Roots
6.2.2 Seeds
6.3 Carotenoids from Moringa Species
6.4 Other Phytochemicals from Moringa Species
6.5 Perspectives
6.6 Conclusion
References
7 Peptides: The Other Bioactive Constituents of Moringa
7.1 Moringa Oleifera Protein Generalities
7.2 Moringa Oleifera Peptide Generation, Isolation, and Identification
7.3 Biological Potential of Moringa Oleifera Peptides
7.3.1 Antioxidant Capacity
7.3.2 Antidiabetic Capacity
7.3.3 Antihypertensive Capacity
7.3.4 Antifungal Activity
7.3.5 Antibacterial Activity
7.3.6 Antiprotozoal Activity
7.3.7 Antitermitic Activity
7.4 Conclusions
References
8 Antioxidant Properties of Moringa Species
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Botanical Description of Moringa Species
8.2.1 Species Group “Bottle Trees”
8.2.2 Species Group “Slender Trees”
8.2.3 Species Group “Tuberous Shrubs”
8.3 Bioactive Compounds from Moringa Species
8.3.1 Phenolic Acids
8.3.2 Flavonoids
8.3.3 Carotenoids
8.3.4 Glucosinolates
8.4 Antioxidant Properties of Moringa Species
8.4.1 In Vitro Studies
8.4.2 In Vivo Studies
8.5 Conclusions
References
9 Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Moringa Oleifera
9.1 Introduction: Background and Driving Forces
9.2 In Vitro Studies
9.2.1 Moringa Oleifera Leaves
9.2.2 Moringa Oleifera Bark/wood/stem
9.2.3 Moringa Oleifera Roots
9.2.4 Moringa Oleifera Flowers and Pods
9.3 In Vivo Studies
9.3.1 Moringa Oleifera Leaves
9.3.2 Moringa Oleifera Bark/wood/stem
9.3.3 Moringa Oleifera Seeds and Roots
9.3.4 Moringa Oleifera Flowers
9.4 Concluding Remarks
References
10 Antidiabetic and Anti-obesity Properties of Moringa Species
10.1 Diabetes, Obesity, and their Impact on Health
10.2 The Moringa Genus
10.3 Antidiabetic Properties of Moringa Species
10.3.1 In Vitro Antidiabetic Studies
10.3.1.1 α-Glucosidase Inhibition
10.3.1.2 α-Amylase Inhibition
10.3.1.3 Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibition
10.3.1.4 Other in Vitro Antidiabetic Studies
10.4 In Vivo Antidiabetic Studies
10.5 Anti-obesity Properties of Moringa Species
10.5.1 In Vitro Anti-obesity Studies
10.5.2 In Vivo Anti-obesity Studies
10.6 Conclusions
References
11 Perspectives on the Study of Moringa
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Conclusions
References
Index
