The recent progress in analytical methods, aided by bringing in a wide range of other disciplines, opens up the study to a broader field, which means that biogeography now goes far beyond a simple description of the distribution of living species on Earth.
Originating with Alexander von Humboldt, biogeography is a discipline in which ecologists and evolutionists aim to understand the way that living species are organized in connection with their environments. Today, as we face major challenges such as global warming, massive species extinction and devastating pandemics, biogeography offers hypotheses and explanations that may help to provide solutions.
This book presents as wide an overview as possible of the different fields that biogeography interacts with. Sixteen authors from all over the world offer different approaches based on their specific areas of knowledge and experience; thus, we intend to illustrate the vast number of diverse aspects covered by biogeography.
Author(s): Eric Guilbert
Series: Ecosystems and Environment: Biodiversity
Publisher: Wiley-ISTE
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 348
City: London
Cover
Half-Title Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
1. Origins of Biogeography: A Personal Perspective
1.1. Introduction: a history of scientific practice
1.1.1. What is biogeography?
1.2. A history of phytoand zoogeographical classification
1.2.1. Terminology
1.2.2. How classification works
1.2.3. Botanical geography versus the geography of plants
1.2.4. Zoogeography: a search for natural regions
1.3. Ecology versus taxonomy: populations not species
1.4. Conclusion
1.5. References
2. Analytical Approaches in Biogeography: Advances and Challenges
2.1. Introduction
2.2. From narrative dispersal accounts to event-based methods (EBM)
2.2.1. Parsimony-based tree fitting
2.2.2. Dispersal–vicariance analysis
2.3. From parsimony-based to semiparametric approaches
2.4. A new revolution: parametric approaches in biogeography
2.4.1. Ancestral range versus single state models: DEC and BIB
2.4.2. Extending the DEC and BIB models
2.5. Expanding parametric models
2.5.1. Time-heterogeneous models
2.5.2. Diversification-dependent models
2.5.3. Ecology-integrative models
2.6. Population-level and individual-based models
2.7. References
3. Phylogeography
3.1. Introduction
3.2. The early days of phylogeography: cytoplasmic genomes and qualitative post hoc explanations of historical processes
3.3. Statistical phylogeography
3.4. Comparative phylogeography
3.5. Integrative studies
3.5.1. Integration of ecological niche modeling in phylogeographic studies
3.5.2. Integration of life-history traits in phylogeographic studies
3.6. Conclusion
3.7. References
4. Geophysical Biogeography
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Geophysical biogeography at large
4.2.1. Present day
4.2.2. The dynamic Earth: continental drift
4.2.3. Continental drift and climate
4.2.4. The fast pace of mass extinctions
4.3. Geophysical biogeography at regional scale
4.3.1. Mountain belts and rifts
4.3.2. Epeirogenies, dynamic topography
4.3.3. Glacial cycles
4.4. Conclusions
4.5. References
5. Island Biogeography
5.1. The equilibrium theory of island biogeography
5.2. Insularity and the evolution of emblematic biotas
5.3. Island biogeography in the Anthropocene
5.3.1. Biological invasions
5.3.2. Anthropogenic climate change
5.4. References
6. Cave Biogeography
6.1. Physical characteristics of subterranean environments
6.2. Diversity and adaptations of the cave fauna
6.2.1. Underground evolution
6.2.2. Diversity
6.3. Vicariance and dispersal shape the global distribution patterns of cave animals
6.3.1. Disjunct distributions and the relictual status of cave biota
6.3.2. Colonization of the subterranean environment: reassessing biogeographic hypotheses
6.4. Perspectives in subterranean biogeography
6.5. Acknowledgments
6.6. References
7. Soil Bacterial Biogeography at the Scale of France
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Soil bacterial communities
7.2.1. Abundance, diversity and role
7.2.2. Molecular tools to characterize bacterial communities
7.2.3. Genesis of microbial biogeography
7.3. Soil survey networks around the world
7.3.1. The French Monitoring Network of Soil Quality
7.4. Bacterial alphaand beta-diversity at the national scale
7.4.1. Bacterial alpha-diversity
7.4.2. The bacterial taxa–area relationship
7.5. Spatial distribution and ecological attributes of bacterial taxa at a large scale
7.6. Large-scale bacterial co-occurrence networks (also called Bacteriosociology)
7.7. Do large-scale bacterial habitats exist?
7.8. Biogeography at the service of environmental diagnosis
7.9. Conclusion perspectives
7.10. References
8. Fungal Biogeography
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Fungal evolutionary history
8.3. Biogeographic patterns
8.3.1. Distance-decay of similarity and species area relationship
8.3.2. Latitudinal diversity patterns
8.3.3. Altitudinal diversity patterns
8.4. Functional and interactional biogeography of fungi
8.4.1. Functional biogeography of fungi
8.4.2. Interactional biogeography of fungi and plants
8.4.3. Interactional biogeography of fungi and animals
8.4.4. Interactional biogeography of fungi and bacteria
8.5. Fungal biogeography under global environmental change
8.6. The role of citizen science in the study of fungal biogeography
8.7. Future directions
8.8. References
9. Freshwater Biogeography in a Nutshell
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Freshwater hotspots and patterns in species richness
9.2.1. Latitudinal gradient in species richness
9.2.2. Geography, environment and biogeographical history
9.2.3. Species–area relationship (SAR)
9.2.4. Community assembly in freshwater
9.2.5. Local scale
9.2.6. Metacommunity concept
9.2.7. Beta diversity
9.3. Conclusion
9.4. Acknowledgments
9.5. References
10. Marine Biogeography
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Diversification in the oceans
10.3. Diversity gradients in the oceans
10.3.1. Latitudinal diversity gradients
10.3.2. Bathymetric diversity gradients
10.3.3. Compositional diversity gradients
10.3.4. Functional and phylogenetic diversity gradients
10.4. Conclusions
10.5. References
11. Biogeography of Diseases
11.1. Introduction
11.1.1. The need of disease mapping for management and prevention policies
11.1.2. Hypotheses on which biogeography sustains the analysis of infectious diseases
11.2. Do microbes have their own biogeography?
11.3. Historical biogeography and disease
11.4. Disease distribution patterns
11.5. Disease distribution modeling
11.5.1. Mechanistic versus empirical modeling
11.5.2. The search for risk factors in time and space
11.5.3. Pathogeography: addressing the multifaceted analysis in disease mapping
11.6. Concluding remarks
11.7. Acknowledgements
11.8. References
12. Biogeography and Climate Change
12.1. Climate change
12.1.1. Drivers of climate change
12.1.2. Observed changes in the climate system
12.1.3. Future projections of global climate change
12.2. Impacts of climate change on biodiversity
12.2.1. Recent impacts
12.2.2. Future impacts
12.3. References
13. Conservation Biogeography: Our Place in the World
13.1. The emergence of conservation biogeography
13.2. Milestones in the development of conservation biogeography
13.3. The purview of conservation biogeography: claimed and examined
13.4. Has conservation biogeography provided unique contributions to biodiversity conservation?
13.5. Future directions
13.6. References
List of Authors
Index
