Bioactive Compounds in Bryophytes and Pteridophytes

Preface
Contents
About the Editor
Contributors
Part I: Bryophytes
1 Bioactive Compounds from Bryophytes
1 Introduction
2 Ethnobotanical Importance of Bryophytes
3 Phytochemicals from Bryophytes and Their Bioactivity
4 The Pharmacological Activity of Bryophytes
4.1 Antimicrobial Activity
4.2 Antifungal Activity
4.2.1 Antibacterial Activity
4.2.2 Antiviral Activity
4.3 Cytotoxic Activity
4.4 Antioxidant Activity
5 Conclusions
References
2 Therapeutic Potential of Bryophytes and Its Future Perspective
1 Introduction
1.1 Traditional Uses of Bryophytes
2 Therapeutic Potential of Bryophytes
2.1 Some of the Active Therapeutic Compounds from Bryophytes and Their Biological Activities
2.1.1 Benzyl Benzoate
2.1.2 p-Hydroxycinnamic Acid
2.1.3 7,8-Dihydroxycoumarin
2.1.4 Marchantins
2.1.5 Riccardins
2.1.6 Triterpenoid Saponins
2.1.7 Tetracyclic Diterpene
2.1.8 Sesquiterpenes
2.1.9 Diplophyllin
2.1.10 Plagiochiline
2.1.11 Plagiochin E
2.1.12 Perrottetin E
3 Major Therapeutic Activities of Bryophytes
3.1 Antitumor Activities
3.2 Antidiabetic Activities
3.3 Anti-Inflammatory Activities
3.4 Antimicrobial Activities
4 Future Perspective
5 Conclusion
References
3 Volatile Compounds and Oils from Mosses and Liverworts
1 Introduction
2 Mosses
2.1 Antitrichia curtipendula (Hedw.) Brid
2.2 Brachythecium albicans (Hedw.) Schimp
2.3 Brachythecium salebrosum (F. Weber & D. Mohr) Schimp
2.4 Breutelia tomentosa (Sw. ex Brid.) A. Jaeger
2.5 Bryum pallescens Schleich. ex Schwagr
2.6 Campylopus richardii Brid
2.7 Eurhynchium angustirete (Broth.) T.J. Kop
2.8 Eurhynchium pulchellum (Hedw.) Jenn
2.9 Eurhynchium striatum (Schreb. ex Hedw.) Schimp
2.10 Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw
2.11 Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) Schimp
2.12 Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw
2.13 Homalia trichomanoides (Hedw.) Brid
2.14 Homalothecium lutescens (Hedw.) H. Rob
2.15 Leptodontium viticulosoides (P. Beauv.) Wijk & Margad
2.16 Macromitrium perreflexum Steere
2.17 Leucodon sciuroides (Hedw.) Schwägr
2.18 Mnium hornum Hedw
2.19 Mnium marginatum (Dicks.) P. Beauv
2.20 Mnium stellare Hedw
2.21 Neckera complanata (Hedw.) Huebener
2.22 Neckera crispa Hedw
2.23 Phyllogonium viride Brid
2.24 Plagiomnium acutum (Lindb.) T.J. Kop
2.25 Plagiomnium undulatum (Hedw.) T.J. Kop
2.26 Plagiothecium undulatum (Hedw.) Schimp
2.27 Pleurochaete squarrosa (Brid.) Lindb
2.28 Pohlia nutans (Hedw.) Lindb
2.29 Polytrichum commune Hedw
2.30 Pseudoscleropodium purum (Hedw.) M. Fleisch
2.31 Rhacocarpus purpurascens (Brid.) Paris
2.32 Rhodobryum ontariense (Kindb.) Paris
2.33 Sphagnum auriculatum Schimp
2.34 Sphagnum subnitens Russow & Warnst
2.35 Syntrichia intermedia Brid
2.36 Taxiphyllum wisgrillii (Garov.) Wijk & Margad
2.37 Thuidium peruvianum Mitt
2.38 Tortella inclinata var. densa (Lorentz & Molendo) Limpr
2.39 Tortella tortuosa (Schrad. ex Hedw.) Limpr
2.40 Tortula muralis Hedw
3 Liverworts
3.1 Asterella marginata (Nees) S.W. Arnell
3.2 Dumortiera hirsuta (Sw.) Nees
3.3 Fossombronia swziensis Perold
3.4 Frullania brasiliensis Raddi
3.5 Herbertus juniperoideus (Sw.) Grolle
3.6 Leptoscyphus hexagonus (Nees) Grolle
3.7 Leptolejeunea elliptica (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Besch
3.8 Lophozia ventricosa (Dicks.) Dumort
3.9 Marchantia pappeana Lehm
3.10 Marchantia polymorpha. subsp. ruderalis Bischl. & Boissel.-Dub
3.11 Marchesinia brachiata (Sw.) Schiffn
3.12 Marsupella aquatica (Lindenb.) Schiffn
3.13 Mylia nuda Inoue & B.Y. Yang
3.14 Plagiochila asplenioides (L.) Dumort
3.15 Pallavicinia lyellii (Hook.) Carruth
3.16 Plagiochila bifaria (Sw.) Lindenb.
3.17 Plagiochila maderensis Gottsche ex Steph.
3.18 Plagiochila retrorsa Gottsche
3.19 Plagiochila stricta Lindenb.
3.20 Plagiochasma rupestre (J.R. Forst. & G. Forst.) Steph
3.21 Plicanthus hirtellus (F. Weber) R.M. Schust.
3.22 Radula boryana (F. Weber) Nees ex, Mont.
3.23 Radula aquilegia (Hook. f. & Taylor) Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees
3.24 Radula carringtonii J.B. Jack
3.25 Radula complanata (L.) Dumort.
3.26 Radula holtii Spruce
3.27 Radula jonesii Bouman, Dirkse & K. Yamada
3.28 Radula lindenbergiana Gottsche ex C. Hartm.
3.29 Radula nudicaulis Steph
3.30 Radula perrottetii Gottsche ex Steph.
3.31 Radula wichurae Steph.
3.32 Riccia albolimbata S.W. Arnell
3.33 Scapania nemorea (L.) Grolle
3.34 Symphyogyna podophylla (Thunb.) Mont. & Nees
3.35 Syzygiella anomala (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Steph
3.36 Tritomaria polita (Nees) Jørg.
4 Conclusions
References
4 Anticancerous Compounds from Bryophytes: Recent Advances with Special Emphasis on Bis(bi)benzyls
1 Introduction
2 Anticancer Activity of Bryophytes
3 Liverworts
4 Hornworts
5 Mosses
6 Anticancer Activity of Bis(bi) Benzyl Compounds Isolated from Liverworts
6.1 Marchantin
6.2 Neomarchantins
6.3 Plagiochin
6.4 Isoplagiochin
6.5 Perrottetin
6.6 Riccardin
6.7 Dihydroptychantol A (DHA)
6.8 Lunularin
6.9 Other Cytotoxic Bis(Bibenzyls)
7 Conclusion
References
5 Immunomodulatory Potential of Hedwigia ciliata and Hypnum cupressiforme
1 Introduction
2 Moss Chemical Composition
3 Moss Extracts Biological Activities
3.1 Antioxidant Activity
3.2 Antitumor Activity
3.3 Anti-inflammatory and Neuroprotective Activities
3.4 Antimicrobial Activity
4 Conclusion
References
6 Extracts from the Liverwort Bazzania trilobata with Potential Dermo-cosmetic Properties
1 Introduction
2 Methods
2.1 Plant Material
2.2 Extraction Preparation
2.3 Determination of Total Phenolic Content
2.4 DPPH Free Radical Scavenging Assay
2.5 In Vitro Collagenase Inhibition Assay
2.6 In Vitro Elastase Inhibition Assay
2.7 In Vitro Tyrosinase Inhibition Assay
2.8 Antibacterial Assay
2.9 Antifungal Assay
2.10 UHPLC-HRMS Analysis
2.11 Purification by Preparative Liquid Chromatography
2.12 NMR Measurement
3 Phytochemicals and Biological Activities of Bazzania trilobata
3.1 Determination of Phenolic Content of B. trilobata Extracts
3.2 Antioxidant Activity of B. trilobata Extracts
3.3 Collagenase, Elastase, and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity of B. trilobata Extracts
3.4 Antimicrobial Activity of B. trilobata
3.5 Chemical Constituents of B. trilobata Extracts
4 Conclusions
References
7 Bryophytes as an Accumulator of Toxic Elements from the Environment: Recent Advances
1 Introduction
1.1 Sources of Hazardous and Toxic Materials in the Environment
1.2 Most Hazardous Toxic Elements with Environmental Impact
2 Bryophytes and Toxic Elements
2.1 Sequestration of Toxic Elements by Bryophytes
2.2 Ion Exchange Characteristics of Bryophytes
3 Role of Bryophytes in Sequestration of Toxic Elements: Recent Advances
4 Several Bryophytes in the Deposition of Toxic Substances from the Environment
4.1 Liverworts
4.2 Mosses
5 Perspective of Using Bryophytes in Accumulation of Toxic Elements
6 Conclusion
References
Part II: Pteridophytes
8 Bioactive Compounds of Pteridophytes
1 Introduction
2 Nutritional Benefits
3 Bioactive Compounds
3.1 Bioactive Compounds of Lycopodium Species
3.2 Bioactive Compounds of Selaginella Species
3.3 Bioactive Compounds of Equisetum Species
3.4 Bioactive Compounds of Adiantum Species
3.5 Bioactive Compounds of Dryopteris Species
4 Biological Activities
4.1 Anti-Alzheimer´s Disease Activity
4.2 Cytotoxic Activity
4.3 Antitumor Activity
4.4 Anti-metastasis Activity
4.5 Antifungal Activity
4.6 Antibacterial Activity
4.7 Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) Activity
4.8 Anti-influenza Virus (H5N1) Activity
4.9 Anti-inflammatory Activity
4.10 Antioxidant Activity
4.11 Hepatoprotective Activities
4.12 Antidiabetic Activity
4.13 Larvicidal Activity
4.14 Regulation of Hyperthyroidism
4.15 Antinociceptive Activity
4.16 Anti-platelet Activity
5 Conclusions
References
9 Anticancer Properties of Pteridophytes and Derived Compounds: Pharmacological Perspectives and Medicinal Use
1 Introduction
2 Anticancer Activity of Pteridophytes
3 Anticancer Compounds from Pteridophytes
3.1 Lycopods
3.1.1 Lycopodium
3.1.2 Selaginella
3.2 Ferns
3.2.1 Abacopteris
3.2.2 Acrostichum
3.2.3 Asplenium
3.2.4 Cheilanthes
3.2.5 Cyclosorus
3.2.6 Cyrtomium
3.2.7 Davallia
3.2.8 Dryopteris
3.2.9 Isoetes
3.2.10 Macrothelypteris
3.2.11 Osmunda
3.2.12 Palhinhaea
3.2.13 Pityrogramma
3.2.14 Pteridium
3.2.15 Pteris
3.2.16 Salvinia
4 Pharmacological Perspectives
5 Conclusion
References
10 On the Bioactive Potential of Ferns: An Overview
1 Introduction
2 Nutraceutical Attributes
2.1 Ethnonutritional Knowledge
3 The Wonder Fern Diplazium
3.1 Nutritional Values
3.2 Nutraceutical and Medicinal Values
4 Pharmacological Attributes
4.1 Ethnomedicinal Knowledge
4.2 Pharmaceutical Products
5 Environmental Attributes
6 Conclusions
References
11 Fern Fatty Acids: From Diversity to Dietary Value
1 Introduction
2 Historical Retrospective
3 Diversity of Fern Fatty Acids
4 Distribution of Fatty Acids in Ontogenetic Stages and Different Organs
5 Distribution of Fatty Acids in Lipid Classes
6 Factors Affecting Fatty Acid Content in Fern Fronds
6.1 Fern Taxonomy
6.2 Developmental and Seasonal Changes
6.3 Ecological and Environmental Factors
7 Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Ferns
8 Dietary Value of Fern Fatty Acids
9 Other Possible Applications of Fern Fatty Acids
10 Conclusions
References
12 Ferns and Lycophytes with Insecticidal Activity: An Overview
1 Introduction
2 Methods
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
13 Phytochemicals from the Pteridaceae Family and Their Prospects as Future Drugs
1 Introduction
2 Pteridaceae Family
3 Ethnobotanical Importance of Pteridaceae
4 Therapeutic Potential of the Species Belonging to Pteridaceae
5 Phytochemicals from the Pteridaceae Family
6 Structure of Some Essential Therapeutic Potential Compounds Belonging to the Pteridaceae
7 Phytochemicals of Some Important Species from the Pteridaceae Family Have Significant Pharmacological Activity
7.1 Analgesic Activity
7.2 Anti-inflammatory Activity
7.3 Cytotoxic Activity
7.4 Antioxidant Activity
7.5 Hepatoprotective Activity
7.6 Antidiabetic Activity
7.7 Antibacterial Activity
7.8 Antifungal Activity
7.9 Antiviral Activity
7.10 Antitubercular Activity
8 Conclusions
References
14 Phytochemicals and Their Bioactivity from Plants of Dryopteridaceae Family
1 Introduction
2 Dryopteridaceae Family
3 Ethnomedicinal Importance of the Family Dryopteridaceae
4 Phytochemicals Reported in the Dryopteridaceae Family
5 Bioactivity of Phytochemicals from Dryopteridaceae Family
5.1 Antioxidant Activity
5.2 Antidiabetic Activity
5.3 Antibacterial Activity
5.4 Antifungal Activity
5.5 Anti-helminthic Activity
5.6 Anticancer Activity
5.7 Anti-Inflammatory Activity
5.8 Antinociceptive Activity
6 Future Prospects
7 Conclusions
References
15 Bioactive Compounds and Biological Activities of Dipteris wallichii
1 Introduction
2 Pteridophytes and Its Therapeutic Potential
2.1 Dipteris: A Neglected Genus with a High Curative Value
3 Bioactive Compounds in Dipteris wallichii
4 Conclusion
References
16 Bioactive Compounds and Biological Activities of Cyathea Species
1 Introduction
2 Phytochemistry of Cyathea
3 Biological Activities
4 Medicinal Properties
5 Conclusion
References
17 Phytochemicals of Adiantum capillus-veneris
1 Introduction
2 Phytochemistry of Adiantum capillus-veneris
2.1 Lipids
2.2 Carotenoids and Chlorophylls
2.3 Phenolic Acids and Phenylpropanoids
2.4 Flavonoids
2.5 Phytosterols
2.6 Terpenoids
2.7 Volatile Organic Compounds
2.8 Medicinal Properties of Adiantum capillus-veneris
3 Conclusion
References
18 Phytochemicals and Biological Activities of Stenochlaena palustris
1 Introduction
2 Ethnobotany
3 Nutritional Profile
4 Extraction, Purification, and Identification of Phytocompounds
5 Biological Activities
5.1 Antioxidant Activity
5.2 Antiglucosidase Activity
5.3 Cytotoxicity
5.4 Antimicrobial Activity
5.5 Other Bioactivities
6 Applications in Food, Cosmetics, and Packaging Material
7 Structure-Activity Relationship
8 Conclusions
References
19 Allelochemicals from Pteridium arachnoideum
1 Introduction
2 Allelopathy: A How to Guide
3 Allelopathy and Plant Community Structure
4 Pteridium as Problem Species: Behavior and Impacts
5 Phytochemistry and Allelopathy of Bracken Ferns
5.1 Bracken Fern Allelopathy
5.2 Selliguein A as Pteridium arachnoideum Allelochemical
5.3 Bracken Fern Allelopathy and Its Consequences on the Restauration of Invaded Areas
6 Conclusions
References
20 Bioactive Compounds in Polypodium vulgare L. (Polypodiaceae)
1 Introduction
2 Botany
3 Ethnobotany
4 Phytochemistry
5 Biological and Pharmacological Properties of Polypody
5.1 Antioxidant Activity and Protective Effects Against Oxidative Stress
5.2 Enzyme-Inhibitory Activity
5.3 Central Nervous System and Neuropharmacological Activity
5.4 Antimicrobial Activity
5.5 Laxative and Expectorant Properties
6 Conclusion
References
21 Phytochemicals and Biological Activities of Asplenium ceterach
1 Introduction
2 Phytochemical Profile of Asplenium ceterach
3 Biological Activities of Asplenium ceterach
3.1 Antioxidant Potential
3.2 Antimicrobial Activity
3.3 Cytotoxic and Anticancer Activity
3.4 Anti-Inflammatory Properties
3.5 Diuretic Activity
3.6 Other Activities
4 Ethnomedicinal Uses of Asplenium ceterach
5 Conclusions
References
Part III: Applications of Bryophytes and Pteridophytes in the Fields of Biotechnology, Nanotechnology, and Allied Fields
22 Bryophytes and the Nanotechnology: Recent Developments and Perspectives
1 Introduction
2 Characteristics of the Bryophyta Division
2.1 General Aspects
2.2 Chemical Composition
3 Application of Bryophytes in Nanotechnology
3.1 Nanomaterials Phytosynthesis
3.2 Characterization of Phytosynthesized Nanoparticles
3.3 Other Applications of Bryophytes in Nanotechnology and Related Areas
4 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
References
23 Biotechnology Investigations in Bryophytes and Pteridophytes
1 Introduction
2 Microorganisms in In Vitro Plant Tissue Cultures: A Brief Review
3 Endophytic and Mycorrhizal Microorganisms Colonizing Club Mosses and Procedures to Obtain Axenic Cultures
4 Conclusion
References
24 Ecometabolomics Studies of Bryophytes
1 Introduction
2 Integrating Metabolomics and Ecology
2.1 Metadata and Its Important Role in the Whole Workflow
2.2 Experimental Design
2.3 Sampling and Storage
2.4 Metabolomics Analysis Itself, Targeted Versus Untargeted
2.5 Platforms (GC, LC, NMR)
2.6 Tandem MS (MS/MS)
2.7 Data Processing
2.8 Metabolite Annotation
2.9 Data Analysis from Exploration to Statistical Analyses
2.10 Data Deposition and Sharing
3 Approaches of Ecometabolomics Using Bryophytes
3.1 Natural Product Chemistry
3.2 Chemodiversity
3.3 Chemotaxonomy and Chemophenetics
3.4 Molecular Traits
3.5 Bioindication and Biomonitoring
3.6 Bioactivities
3.7 Molecular Biology
4 Conclusion and Perspectives
References
25 Physiological Ecology of Ferns
1 Introduction
2 Aquatic and Semi-Aquatic Ferns
2.1 Development, Growth, and Life Cycles, Including Environmental Aspects
2.2 Light, Photosynthesis, and Respiration
3 Terrestrial Ferns
3.1 Development, Growth, and Life Cycles
3.2 Environmental Adaptations
3.3 Light, Photosynthesis, and Respiration
4 Epiphytic Ferns
4.1 Development, Growth, and Life Cycles
4.2 Environmental Adaptations
4.3 Light, Photosynthesis, and Respiration
5 Conclusion
References
26 Extracts and Composites of Equisetum for Bone Regeneration
1 Introduction
2 Equisetum Genus Applications in Bone Regeneration
3 Conclusions
References
27 Pteridophytes as Ecological Indicators in Legislation: A Case Study in Southern Brazil
1 Introduction
2 Pteridophytes
3 Ecological Indicators
4 Pteridophytes as Ecological Indicators
5 A Case Study in Southern Brazil
5.1 The First Set of Criteria for Evaluation of the Indicators
5.2 The Second Set of Criteria for Evaluation of the Indicators
5.2.1 Conama Resolutions 04/1994 and 261/1999
5.2.2 Conama Resolution 423/2010
6 Analysis of the Pteridophytes Considered as Indicators in Conama Resolutions for SC
6.1 Conama Resolution 423/2010
6.2 Conama Resolution 261/1999
6.3 Conama Resolution 04/1994
6.4 Overview of the Three Resolutions
7 Conclusions
References
Index