BIM in Real Estate Operations: Application, Implementation, Digitalization Trends and Case Studies

Preface
Contents
List of Editors and Contributors
1 The Built Environment, BIM and the FM Perspective
1.1 Digital Transformation of Construction, Real Estate and Facility Management
1.2 Linking BIM with Sensors
1.3 The Importance of BIM During the Lifespan of Buildings
1.4 Benefits of BIM in Real Estate Operations
1.5 Successful Projects Through BIM Strategy and Knowledge Transfer
1.6 The Role of FM in BIM Projects
1.7 Information Requirements—A Critical Success Factor for BIM Projects
1.8 CDE Usage for Information Delivery to the FM Team
1.9 Validating the Owner Requirements
1.10 Strategies for the Digitalization of an Entire Real Estate Portfolio
1.11 BIM and Interoperability
1.12 Summary
References
2 Digitalization Trends in Real Estate Management
2.1 CAFM and IWMS
2.2 Building Information Modeling
2.3 IT Integration Technologies
2.3.1 File Integration
2.3.2 Integration of Alphanumeric Data
2.3.3 Integration of Functionality and Logic
2.3.4 Integration into the User Interface
2.4 Mobile Computing
2.4.1 Mobility
2.4.2 Characteristics of Mobile Computing
2.4.3 Advantages of Mobile Computing
2.4.4 Restrictions and Disadvantages
2.4.5 Mobile Applications in the Real Estate Sector
2.4.5.1 Mobile Data Capture
2.4.5.2 Mobile Document Management
2.4.5.3 Mobile Field Services
2.4.6 The Future of Mobile Computing
2.5 Cloud Computing
2.6 Mixed and Augmented Reality
2.7 Big Data and Analytics
2.7.1 Relevant Data Classes
2.7.1.1 BIM Geometry Data
2.7.1.2 BIM Asset and Element Data
2.7.1.3 Behavioral Data
2.7.1.4 Business, Process and Financial Data
2.7.2 Analysis Options and Analytics Options
2.8 Internet of Things
2.9 Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
2.10 Digital Workplace
2.10.1 Digital Workplace in CAFM/IWMS
2.10.2 Digital Workplace Management Systems
2.10.3 BIM for Digital Workplaces
2.10.4 Outlook
2.11 Building Simulation
2.11.1 Objectives of Simulation
2.11.2 Integration of Simulation Tools with BIM
2.11.2.1 Integrated Simulation Tools
2.11.2.2 Simulation Tools with Independent Simulation Models
2.11.3 Applications
2.11.3.1 Building Simulation in the Planning Phase
2.11.3.2 Construction Process and Operation Simulation
2.11.3.3 Space and People Flow Simulation
2.12 PropTechs
2.13 Summary
References
3 BIM Basics for Real Estate and Facility Managers
3.1 From CAD to BIM
3.2 CAFM Basics
3.3 Benefits of BIM for Facility Managers
3.3.1 Why BIM for FM?
3.3.2 Benefits of BIM in Commissioning
3.3.3 Benefits of BIM in Operation
3.3.4 Benefits of BIM in Renovation and Conversion
3.3.5 Benefits of BIM in Everyday Work
3.3.6 The Digital Twin Principle
3.3.7 Requirements for the Use of BIM Models in Real Estate Operations
3.4 BIM Basics for Facility Managers
3.4.1 BIM Definition
3.4.2 BIM Maturity Model
3.4.3 BIM Dimensions
3.4.4 Open and Closed BIM
3.4.5 BIM Discipline Models and the CDE
3.4.6 Open Data Exchange of BIM Models
3.4.7 Definition of Model Contents
3.4.7.1 Level of Geometry
3.4.7.2 Level of Information
3.4.8 Asset Information Requirements
3.4.8.1 BIM Use Cases
3.4.8.2 Digital Deliverables
3.4.8.3 Collaboration Strategy
3.4.8.4 Quality Assurance
3.4.8.5 Model Structure and Model Content
3.4.8.6 Technology
3.5 Integrated Digital Delivery—An International Approach in BIM Projects
3.5.1 Integrated Digital Delivery
3.5.2 The Potential Role of FM in the IDD Process
3.6 Summary
References
4 IT Environments for BIM in FM
4.1 The Digital Twin
4.1.1 Representation of Physical Components in the Virtual Model
4.1.2 Tracking and Analysis of Component Behavior Through IoT
4.1.3 Monitoring and Analysis of Building Parts Through Linking IoT Data with BIM Models
4.1.4 Automation of Event-Driven Actions
4.2 BIM Tools
4.2.1 Tools for Model Creation
4.2.1.1 BIM Modeling Tools for Architecture
4.2.1.2 BIM Modeling Tools for Building Technology
4.2.1.3 BIM Modeling Tools for Structural Design
4.2.1.4 BIM Database as an Addition to the Authoring Tools for Alphanumeric Object Information
4.2.1.5 BIM Object Server and BIM Object Libraries
4.2.2 Tools for Model Management
4.2.2.1 Collaboration Software, Project Spaces and BIM Servers
4.2.2.2 BIM Viewer
4.2.3 Tools for Quality Assurance of the Models
4.2.3.1 BIM Coordination Tools
4.2.3.2 BIM Model Checker
4.2.4 Tools for Model Usage
4.2.4.1 BIM-CAFM Software
4.2.4.2 Project Management
4.2.4.3 Simulation Tools
4.2.4.4 BIM Software Toolkits
4.3 Common Data Environment and BIM-CAFM Integration Possibilities
4.3.1 Benefits, Tasks and Development Stages of a CDE in the Operational Phase
4.3.1.1 Container-Based CDE (Level 2)
4.3.1.2 Database-Based CDE (Level 3)
4.3.2 BIM-CAFM Integration to Establish a CDE for the Operational Phase
4.3.2.1 Integration Scenario 1: BIM-CAFM Handover by Information Extraction (FM Handover)
4.3.2.2 Integration Scenario 2a: Use of the Source Model (native) Over the Life Cycle—Partial CAFM-BIM Integration
4.3.2.3 Integration Scenario 2b: Use of the IFC Source Model Over the Lifecycle—Partial CAFM-BIM Integration
4.3.2.4 Integration Scenario 3: Use of the Source Model Over the Lifecycle—Collaboration Platform During Operations
4.4 BIM with Free Software
4.4.1 Open-Source and Free Software
4.4.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Free Software
4.4.3 Use of Free Software
4.4.4 Example of 3D Modeling with Blender
4.4.5 Conclusion
4.5 Summary
References
5 Data Management and Data Exchange for BIM and FM
5.1 Data Management
5.2 Modern Data Capture for BIM and FM
5.2.1 BIM Modeling for Existing Buildings
5.2.2 Digital Capture Methods for the Building Documentation of Existing Buildings
5.2.2.1 Terrestrial 3D Laser Scanners
5.2.2.2 Photogrammetric Methods with Surveying Drones
5.2.3 Workflow for BIM Modeling with Digital Capture Methods
5.2.4 Scenarios for the Use of 3D Point Clouds
5.2.4.1 Scan2BIM
5.2.4.2 Scan2CAFM
5.2.4.3 Scan2Dataset
5.2.5 Other Methods
5.3 Methods and Formats for BIM Data Exchange
5.3.1 Industry Foundation Classes (IFC)
5.3.2 BIM Collaboration Format (BCF)
5.3.3 Construction Operations Building Information Exchange (COBie)
5.3.4 Green Building eXtensible Markup Language (gbXML)
5.3.5 CAFM-Connect
5.3.6 Proprietary Exchange Formats
5.4 BIM-FM Data Manager
5.5 Summary
References
6 Economic Efficiency of BIM in FM
6.1 Drivers for Value Creation through BIM
6.2 Economic Efficiency of BIM in the Construction Phase
6.2.1 Value Creation Related to Process
6.2.2 Quality-Related Value Creation
6.2.3 Resource-Related Value Creation
6.2.3.1 Space Efficiency
6.2.3.2 Energy Efficiency
6.3 Economic Efficiency of BIM in the Operational Phase
6.3.1 BIM Use Cases for Reducing Process Times
6.3.2 BIM Applications to Reduce External Costs
6.3.3 BIM Applications to Increase Productivity
6.4 Evaluation of Benefits with the Balanced Scorecard
6.4.1 Balanced Scorecard Method
6.4.2 Application of the BSC Method for the Evaluation of BIM Use
6.4.3 Procedure for the Application of the BSC Method for the Evaluation of BIM Use
6.4.3.1 Collection of Benefits—Step 1
6.4.3.2 Operationalization of the Benefits—Step 2
6.4.3.3 Assignment of Benefits to a BSC Perspective—Step 3
6.4.3.4 Assigning Indicators to Measure the Achievement of Objectives—Step 4
6.4.3.5 Determining the Measures to Achieve Objectives—Step 5
6.5 Summary
References
7 BIM Implementation in RE and FM Organizations
7.1 Stakeholders in BIM4FM Projects
7.1.1 Stakeholders During the Building Lifecycle
7.1.2 Data Creators
7.1.3 Data Users
7.1.4 Consultants and Supporters
7.1.5 Other
7.2 Approach in a BIM Project
7.2.1 Requirements from Facility Management
7.2.2 BIM Project Documents
7.2.2.1 Employer Information Requirements (EIR)
7.2.2.2 BIM Execution Plan (BEP)
7.3 Common Data Environment (CDE)
7.4 Roles in the BIM Project
7.4.1 BIM Information Manager
7.4.2 BIM Manager
7.4.3 BIM Project Coordinator
7.4.4 BIM Coordinator
7.5 Application Scenarios
7.5.1 Commissioning and FM Handover Phase
7.5.2 Operational Phase
7.5.3 Maintenance
7.5.4 Move Management
7.5.5 Smart Building
7.6 Summary
References
8 BIM in FM Applications
8.1 CAFM System Support
8.2 CAFM Certification and BIM
8.3 BIM and ERP Systems
8.3.1 ERP
8.3.2 Use Cases
8.3.2.1 Maintenance and Repair
8.3.2.2 Modernization and Conversion
8.3.2.3 Space Management
8.3.2.4 Commercial Real Estate Management
8.3.3 IT-Technical Implementation
8.3.3.1 Implementation: Maintenance and Repair
8.3.3.2 Implementation: Modernization and Renovation
8.3.3.3 Implementation: Space management
8.3.3.4 Implementation: Commercial Real Estate Management
8.4 Cooperative Platform Concepts as CDE
8.4.1 A Data Model for the Real Estate Industry
8.4.2 The Use of Platforms in FM
8.4.3 Status Quo and Outlook
8.5 Summary
References
9 BIM in Real Estate and Facility Management—Case Studies
9.1 Overview of Case Studies
9.2 Municipal Real Estate Jena
9.2.1 The Project
9.2.2 BIM-CAFM Integration
9.2.3 Result
9.3 Axel Springer New Building in Berlin
9.3.1 The Project
9.3.2 BIM Structure and System Environment in the Project
9.3.3 BIM Requirements
9.3.4 BIM in Facility Management at Axel Springer
9.3.5 Summary
9.4 Museum of Natural History Berlin
9.4.1 Goals of the Project
9.4.2 Starting Situation
9.4.3 Objectives of the Cooperative Research with HTW Berlin
9.4.4 Approach
9.4.5 First Results and Expected Benefits of the Feasibility Study of a BIM-CAFM Integration
9.5 ProSiebenSat.1—Mediapark Unterföhring
9.5.1 The Project
9.5.2 The Aim of Using BIM
9.5.3 Approach
9.5.4 Conclusion
9.6 BASF in Ludwigshafen
9.6.1 The Project
9.6.2 BIM Pilot
9.6.3 BIM-CAFM Integration
9.6.4 Results and Experiences
9.7 TÜV SÜD @ IBP in Singapore
9.7.1 The Project
9.7.2 Approach
9.7.3 Results and Experiences
9.8 Country Park III in Moscow
9.8.1 The Project
9.8.2 Approach
9.8.3 Integration of BIM and Industrial IoT Technologies with HiPerWare
9.8.4 Results and Experiences
9.9 New Construction of an Office Building in the Banking Sector in Prague
9.9.1 The Project
9.9.2 Initial Situation and Approach
9.9.3 Benefits of the BIM-CAFM Integration
9.10 Energy Supply and Multi-Service Company in Bologna
9.10.1 The Project
9.10.2 Initial Situation and Approach
9.10.3 Benefits of the BIM-CAFM Integration
9.11 Tempelhof Airport—BIM-based Event Management
9.11.1 The Project
9.11.2 Event Management at Berlin Tempelhof Airport
9.11.3 BIM in Event Management
9.11.4 Agile Methods for BIM Modeling
9.12 Hochbauamt Graubünden—Administrative Centre “sinergia”
9.12.1 The Project and the BIM2FM Approach
9.12.2 BIM Basics in the Project
9.12.3 The Information Delivery Platform
9.12.4 BIM at “sinergia”
9.12.5 BIM-CAFM Integration
9.12.6 Results and Experiences
9.13 Summary
References
10 BIM Perspectives in Real Estate Operations
10.1 Critical View of BIM
10.2 Research on BIM in Real Estate Operations
10.2.1 BIM Standardization
10.2.2 Digital Capturing of Existing Buildings
10.2.3 Common Data Environment, Linked Data and Digital Twin
10.2.4 Visualization, Virtual and Augmented Reality
10.2.5 FM Knowlege Management and Artifical Intelligence
10.2.6 Sustainability, Energy Efficiency and CO2 Optimization
10.2.7 Smart Buildings and IoT
10.3 Summary
References
11 Appendix 1: Checklist for Implementing BIM in FM
12 Appendix 2: Overview of Standardization Initiatives
List of Figures