Bigger Pictures for Innovation: Creating Solutions, Managing Enterprises, and Influencing Policies

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This book comprises a set of stories about being an engineer for many decades and the lessons the author learned from research and practice. These lessons focus on people and organizations, often enabled by technology. The settings range from airplanes, power plants, and communication networks to ecosystems that enable education, healthcare, and transportation. All of these settings are laced with behavioral and social phenomena that need to be understood and influenced.

The author’s work in these domains has often led to the question: "Well, why does it work like that?" He invariably sought to understand the bigger picture to find the sources of requirements, constraints, norms, and values. He wanted to understand what could be changed, albeit often with much effort to overcome resistance.

He found that higher levels of an ecosystem often provide the resources and dictate the constraints imposed on lower levels. These prescriptions are not just commands. They also reflect values and cultural norms. Thus, the answers to the question were not just technical and economic. Often, the answers reflected eons of social and political priorities. The endeavors related in the book frequently involved addressing emerging realities rather than just the status quo. This book is an ongoing discovery of these bigger pictures.

The stories and the lessons related in this book provide useful perspectives on change. The understanding of people and organizations that emerges from these lessons can help to enable transformative change. Fundamental change is an intensely human-centric endeavor, not just for the people and organizations aspiring to change, but also for the people helping them. You will meet many of these people in this book as the stories unfold.

The genesis of this book originated in a decision made early in the author’s career. He had developed a habit of asking at the end of each day, "What did I really accomplish today?" This was sometimes frustrating as he was not sure the day had yielded any significant accomplishments. One day it dawned on him that this was the wrong question – He needed to ask, "What did I learn today?" It is always possible to learn, most recently about public health and climate change.

In planning this book, the author first thought in terms of accomplishments such as projects conducted, systems built, and articles and books published. He could not imagine this being interesting to readers. Then, it struck him – It is much more interesting to report on what he learned about people and organizations, including how he helped them accomplish their goals. This is a book of stories about how these lessons emerged.

In planning this book, the author first thought in terms of accomplishments such as projects conducted, systems built, and articles and books published. He could not imagine this being interesting to readers. Then, it struck him – It is much more interesting to report on what he learned about people and organizations, including how he helped them accomplish their goals. This is a book of stories about how these lessons emerged.

Author(s): William B. Rouse
Publisher: Routledge/Productivity Press
Year: 2023

Language: English
Pages: 218
City: New York

Cover
Endorsement Page
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Preface
About the Author
Chapter 1 Introduction and Overview
Portsmouth
Usher Court
Economy
Role Models
Small Businesses
Other Role Models
High School and College
Becoming an Engineer
Business Experiences
Transitions to Bigger Pictures
Design, Management, and Policy
Public–Private Ecosystems
Conclusions
Chapter 2 Human Behavior and Performance
Prologue
Introduction
Raytheon
MIT
Tufts University and US Air Force
University of Illinois
Delft University of Technology
Georgia Tech: First Time
Conclusions
Epilogue
Further Reading
Chapter 3 Organizational and Economic Performance
Prologue
Introduction
Library Operations Research
Networked Information Services
Communications, Manufacturing, and Failure Management
Economic Modeling
Organizational Performance
Conclusions
Epilogue
Further Reading
Chapter 4 Design of Training and Aiding
Prologue
Introduction
Training
The Vincennes Incident
Performing Arts
Aiding
Intelligent Aiding
Augmented Intelligence
Training vs. Aiding Tradeoffs
Conclusions
Epilogue
Further Reading
Chapter 5 Human-Centered Design
Prologue
Introduction
Case Studies
Conclusions
Epilogue
Further Reading
Chapter 6 Advisor Series of Software Tools
Prologue
Introduction
Product Planning Advisor
Using the Product Planning Advisor
Applications
Business Planning Advisor
Situation Assessment Advisor
Technology Investment Advisor
Typical Applications
Organizational Implications
Advisor Series
Evaluation
Conclusions
Epilogue
Further Reading
Chapter 7 Enterprise Transformation
Prologue
Challenges of Innovation
Context of Transformation
Modeling the Enterprise
Qualitative Theory
Value Deficiencies Drive Transformation
Work Processes Enable Transformation
Management Decision Making
Ends, Means, and Scope of Transformation
Value Perspectives
Work Perspectives
Computational Theory
Conclusions
Epilogue
Further Reading
Chapter 8 Health and Education
Prologue
Health and Wellness
Delivery Ecosystem
Scaling Innovation
Emory Prevention and Wellness
Indiana Alzheimer’s Care
Penn Transition Care for Elderly Patients
Enterprise Models
New York City Health Ecosystem
Population Health
Technology Innovation
Summary
Health Advisor
Education
Computational Model
Scenario Projections
Technology Investments
Online Education
Interactive Technologies
Knowledge Management
Process Improvement
Impacts on Ecosystem
Impacts on Competitiveness
STEM Talent Pipeline
Conclusions
Epilogue
Further Reading
Chapter 9 Modeling and Visualization
Prologue
Introduction
Phenomena
Definitions
Historical Perspectives
Steam to Steamboats
Wind to Wings
Electricity to Lights
Macro and Micro Physics
Four Fundamental Forces
Framework
Methodology
Step 1: Decide on the Central Questions of Interest
Step 2: Define Key Phenomena Underlying These Questions
Step 3: Develop One or More Visualizations of Relationships among Phenomena
Step 4: Determine Key Tradeoffs That Appear to Warrant Deeper Exploration
Step 5: Identify Alternative Representations of These Phenomena
Step 6: Assess the Ability to Connect Alternative Representations
Step 7: Determine a Consistent Set of Assumptions
Step 8: Identify Data Sets to Support Parameterization
Step 9: Program and Verify Computational Instantiations
Step 10: Validate Model Predictions, at Least Against Baseline Data
Visualization
Purposes
Step 1: Identify Information Use Cases, Including Knowledge Levels of Users
Step 2: Define Trajectories in Abstraction–Aggregation Space
Step 3: Design Visualizations and Controls for Each Point in Space
Step 4: Integrate across Visualizations and Controls to Dovetail Representations
Step 5: Integrate across Use Cases to Minimize the Total Number of Displays and Controls
Immersion Lab
Conclusions
Epilogue
Further Reading
Chapter 10 Complex Societal Systems
Prologue
Introduction
Complex Adaptive Systems
Underlying Phenomena
Wicked Problems
Overall Approach
Characterize the Nature of the Wicked Problem
Identify Anticipated or Experienced Value Deficiencies
Determine What Processes Need to Be Resigned or Designed
Engage Stakeholders in How They Would Proceed with Changes
Synthesize an Integrated Approach Across Contexts and Time
Involve Stakeholders to Support These Changes, Likely Incrementally
Secure and Sustain Resources to Accomplish Changes
Execute Changes, Learning along the Way, and Adapting
Health
Cancer Control
Opioid Epidemic
Coronavirus Pandemic
Education
Energy
Battery Electric Vehicles
Autonomous Vehicles
Climate Change
Transformation
Conclusions
Epilogue
Further Reading
Chapter 11 Looking Back
Design, Management, and Policy
Public–Private Ecosystems
National Security
Healthcare Delivery
Higher Education
Energy and Climate
Contrasting Ecosystems
Implications
Looking Back
Index