Environmental concerns have regenerated interest in the use of natural fibers for a much wider variety of products, including high-tech applications such as geotextiles, and composite materials for automotive and light industry use. Covering minor as well as major fibers produced worldwide, Bast and Other Plant Fibers analyzes flax, hemp, jute, kenaf, ramie, sisal, coir, and nettle, and provides an index of fiber-yielding plants. Each chapter examining chemical and physical structure, fiber, yarn and fabric production, dying, handle and wear characteristics, economics, and environmental, health and safety issues. A comprehensive set of tables makes it easy to compare the physical and chemical characteristics of different fibers.
Author(s): Robert R. Franck
Edition: 1
Publisher: CRC Press
Year: 2005
Language: English
Pages: 397
Contents......Page 5
Figures......Page 11
Tables......Page 15
About the editor......Page 21
About the contributors......Page 23
Contributor contact details......Page 29
Acknowledgements......Page 31
1.1 Introduction......Page 33
1.2 Fibre prices......Page 34
1.4 Comparative data on the physical and chemical characteristics of bast and leaf fibres......Page 35
1.5 Appendix: Comparative physical, chemical and morphological characteristics of certain fibres......Page 36
1.6 References......Page 55
2.1 Introduction......Page 56
2.2 Fibre production and early processing......Page 59
2.3 Physical and chemical properties......Page 66
2.4 Yarn production......Page 70
2.5 Fabric production, end-uses and specifications......Page 84
2.6 Dyeing and finishing: modern developments in chemical finishing......Page 97
2.7 Economic and cost considerations......Page 100
2.8 Market development......Page 103
2.9 Environmental considerations......Page 108
2.10 Health and safety considerations......Page 109
2.12 Appendices......Page 110
2.13 Bibliography......Page 123
2.15 Glossary of terms......Page 124
3.1 Introduction......Page 126
3.2 The flax plant......Page 127
3.3 Physical and chemical characteristics of flax fibres......Page 133
3.4 Cultivation and harvesting......Page 139
3.5 Scutching......Page 145
3.6 Yarn preparation and spinning......Page 150
3.7 Weaving......Page 158
3.8 Knitting......Page 162
3.9 Fabric desizing, bleaching, dyeing and finishing......Page 163
3.11 Products and applications......Page 169
3.12 Economic and cost considerations......Page 174
3.13 Marketing......Page 188
3.15 Conclusion and future trends......Page 190
3.16 Appendices......Page 196
3.19 Glossary of terms......Page 206
4.1 Introduction: hemp in Hungary......Page 208
4.2 Hemp varieties and their cultivation......Page 210
4.3 Physical and chemical characteristics of hemp......Page 213
4.4 Primary processing of hemp stalks, fibre separation......Page 216
4.5 Hemp spinning and spinning machinery......Page 220
4.6 Weaving......Page 226
4.8 Production of other hemp products......Page 228
4.9 Environmental and health and safety considerations......Page 229
4.10 Production and market trends......Page 231
4.11 Conclusions......Page 232
4.12 Present trends......Page 233
4.13 Future trends......Page 236
4.15 Glossary of terms......Page 238
5.1 Introduction and history......Page 239
5.2 Classification and description......Page 241
5.3 Properties of the ramie fibre......Page 242
5.4 Cultivation and harvesting......Page 245
5.5 Primary processing......Page 246
5.6 Spinning......Page 252
5.8 Applications of ramie......Page 254
5.9 Conclusion......Page 255
5.10 Appendices......Page 256
5.11 References......Page 257
5.13 Glossary of terms......Page 258
6.1 Introduction: the plant and its anatomy......Page 260
6.2 Chemical and physical fibre structure......Page 261
6.3 Chemical treatment of sisal fibre......Page 267
6.4 Production and early processing......Page 272
6.5 Production and machinery......Page 276
6.6 Products and applications......Page 290
6.8 Marketing and consumption......Page 294
6.10 Appendices......Page 301
6.11 References and bibliography......Page 304
6.12 Glossary of terms......Page 305
7.1 Introduction and history......Page 306
7.2 Chemical and physical fibre structure......Page 307
7.3 Fibre production and early processing......Page 309
7.4 Yarn production and machinery......Page 312
7.5 Bleaching, dyeing, printing and finishing......Page 316
7.6 Fabric production......Page 319
7.7 Products and applications......Page 323
7.9 Economic and cost considerations......Page 329
7.10 Marketing......Page 330
7.11 Production and consumption......Page 331
7.12 Environmental and health and safety issues......Page 334
7.14 Appendices......Page 336
7.15 Glossary of terms......Page 344
8.1 The plant and its cultivation......Page 347
8.3 Early processing......Page 348
8.4 Textile manufacture and end uses......Page 350
8.5 Production......Page 351
8.8 Glossary of terms......Page 352
9.1 Pineapple......Page 354
9.2 Curaua......Page 359
9.3 Craua (caroa)......Page 361
9.4 Macambira......Page 362
9.5 Nettle......Page 363
9.7 Mauritius hemp and fique......Page 375
10.1 Introduction and background......Page 377
10.2 The market, demand and supply......Page 378
10.3 The influence of fibre properties and the possibilities of measuring essential fibre characteristics......Page 384
10.4 Manufacturing......Page 399
10.5 The future, trends and conclusion......Page 401
10.7 References......Page 405
Appendix I: List of fibre-producing plants......Page 409
Appendix II: References to Chapter 2......Page 412
Index......Page 417
