Basic One- and Two-Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Table of Contents
SECTION 1: X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY
X-Ray Spectroscopy
I Characteristic X-Ray Emission Lines
References
Il. Characteristic X-Ray Absorption Edges
References
Ill. Mass Attenuation and Absorption Cross Sections for 94 Elements; 0.1 keY to l MeV
IV. Approximate Jump Factors for K and L Absorption Edges
V. Schematic Energy Level Diagram Showing the X-Ray Lines
VI. Crystals and Multilayer Langmuir-Blodgett Films Used as Analyzers in Wavelength-Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometers
Vll. Cross Sections for Ionization of K- and L-Shells by Electrons
VIII. Electron Range and Electron Stopping Power
SECTION 2: ESCA - PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY
ESCA - Photoelectron Spectroscopy
References
SECTION 3: ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY
Atomic Spectroscopy
I. Oscillator Strengths (f-Values) of Interest in Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
II. Doppler Half-Widths of Atomic Spectral Lines (Table 2)
lll. Ionization Potentials of the Elements, i.e. , the Energy Required for the Process M → M+ + e -
IV. Dissociation Energies of Diatomic Oxide Molecules
V. Properties of Premixed Flames Used in Atomic Spectroscopy
VI. Efficiences of Atomization of Metals in Flames
References
VII. Measured Degrees of Ionization of Metals in Flames
SECTION 4: EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY
Emission Spectroscopy
I. Comparison of Some Experimentally Determined Emission-Spectroscopic Detection Limits
II. Reported Relative Detection Limits for Arc Excitation
lll. Relative Detection Limits for Spark Excitation of Solids
IV. Detection Limits for Liquid Samples (μg/ml)
V. Detection Limits for Micro or Residue Samples (ng)
VI. Detection Limits with the Laser Microprobe (μg/g)
VII. Preconcentration-Separation Procedures Used for Emission Spectrometric Analyses
References
VIII. Sensitive Lines for Use in Atomic Emission Spectrometry
IX. Wavelengths Commonly Recommended for Use in Plasma Emission
X. Prominent Lines Used in Plasma Emission
XI. Comparison of Detection Limits for AES, AAS, and AFS
Xll . Wavelength Used in Flame Emission
XIII. Sensitivity Results Obtained with Nitrous Oxide-Acetylene Flames
XIV. Results Obtained with Shielded Burners
XV. Relative Sensitivities Detection Limits
SECTION 5: INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY
Infrared Spectroscopy
I. Sampling
Properties of Common Window Materials
Properties of Common Solvents
Spectra of Common Solvents
ll. Calibration: Secondary Standards for Wavelengths
Ill. Spectrometer Operation
The Coblentz Society Specifications for the Evaluation of Infrared Reference Spectra: Class ll Spectra
Class Ill Spectra
Spectral Slit Width of a Grating Monochromator
Relationship Between Noise (N), Slit Width (s), and Response Time ( T)
Determination of Scan Speed from the Spectrometer Time Constant and the Half-Band Width
Theoretical Transmittance of Mylar Beamsplitter Foils
IV. Interpretation
Common Spurious Absorption Bands and Their Origin
Wavelength-to-Wavenumber Conversion Tables and Refractive Index of Standard Air, 2-20 μm
Numbering of Fundamental Vibrational Frequencies in Molecules
Infrared Correlation Charts and Tables
Correlation Chart of Infrared Group Frequencies
V. Quantitative Analysis
Absorption Laws
Determination of Stray Radiation
To Minimize Errors in Quantitative Analysis
References
Measurement of Absorbance
SECTION 6: RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
Raman Spectroscopy
I. Instrumentation
Sources
Monochromators
Detector and Amplification
ll. Spectrometer Operation
Monochromator Parameters
Spectrometer Calibration
Resolution Check
Intensity Dependencies
Depolarization Ratios
Ill. Sampling and Geometry
Conventional Solid and Liquid Phase Geometry
Special Geometries
Microsampling
IV. Interpretation
V. Representative Raman Spectra
VI. The Documentation of Raman Spectra
Recommendation for the Presentation of Raman Spectra for Cataloging and Documentation in Permanent Data Collections
Recommendations
References
SECTION 7: ULTRAVIOLET ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY
Ultraviolet Absorption Spectroscopy
I. Ultraviolet: Spectral Data Index
SECTION 8: ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE
Electron Spin Resonance
I. Introduction
ll. Physical Constants and Conversion Factors
Ill. Instrumentation
Block Diagram of Superheterodyne Spectrometer
Sensitivity
Resonance Cavities
IV. Theory
The Spin Hamiltonian
Crystal Fields
Spin Orbit Interaction
Zero Field Splittings
Quadrupole Interaction
V. Transition Ions
VI. Free Radicals
VII. Relaxation
Introduction
Bloch Equations
Modified Bloch Equations
Exchange
Motional Effects on Relaxation
Relaxation in Solids
Saturation Method of Measuring Relaxation Times
Pulse Techniques and Spin Echos
VIII. Lineshapes
Lorentzian and Gaussian Lineshapes
Zero Field Powder Pattern Lineshape
Dipolar Lineshapes
Anisotropic g-Factor and Hyperfme Tensors
Inhomogeneous Lines
IX. Electron Nuclear Double Resonance
Acknowledgments
References
SECTION 9: MASS PHOTOELECTRIC ABSORPTION COEFFICIENTS
Mass Photoelectric Absorption Coefficients
Introduction
SECTION 10: APPEARANCE POTENTIAL SPECTROSCOPY
Appearance Potential Spectroscopy
Introduction
Introduction to Table of Atomic Energy Levels
References
SECTION 11: THERMAL NEUTRON CROSS SECTIONS AND RESONANCE INTEGRALS FOR ACTIVATION ANALYSIS
Thermal Neutron Cross Sections and Resonance Integrals for Activation Analysis
Introduction
References
SECTION 12: X-RAY FLUORESCENCE AND COSTER-KRONIG YIELDS FOR THE K-, L-, AND M-SHELLS
Tables of Experimental Values of X-Ray Fluorescence and Coster-Kronig Yields for the K- , L-, and M-Shells
Introduction
Description in Terms of the Altered Vacancy Distributions (Vix)
Description in Terms of the Primary Vacancy Distributions (Nix)
Transformation Equations Relating the Two Descriptions
References
SECTION 13: 14 MeV NEUTRON ACTIVATION CROSS-SECTIONS
14 Me V Neutron Activation Cross-Sections
Introduction
Activation Cross-Section Data
References
SECTION 14: WAVELENGTH STANDARDS IN VISIBLE, ULTRAVIOLET, AND NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY
Wavelength Standards in Visible, Ultraviolet , and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Primary Standard
Secondary Standards
Vacuum-Ultraviolet Standards
Interconversion of Wavelengths Measured in Air and in Vacuum
References
SECTION 15: WAVELENGTH-DEPENDENT AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEM OSCILLATOR STRENGTHS FOR FREE DIATOMIC MOLECULES OF ASTROPHYSICAL IMPORTANCE
Wavelength-Dependent and Electronic System Oscillator Strengths for Free Diatomic Molecules of Astrophysical Importance
Introduction
Nomenclature and Symbols
Absorption and Emission Spectroscopy
Detailed Balance
Lifetime Measurements
Ab Initio Calculations
Building-Up Concepts
More Nomenclature
Factoring the Transition Moment
Re and fel (λ) as Functions of Wavelength
Approximate Relationship Between fel (λ) and fvv
Still More Notation and fvv
Relations Between Band and Band-System Oscillator Strengths
Numerical Data
Acknowledgments
References
Index
Copyright
Title Page
Dedication
Contents
Chapter 1: ‘I’m thinking’ – Oh, but are you?
Chapter 2: Renegade perception
Chapter 3: The Pushbacker sting
Chapter 4: ‘Covid’: The calculated catastrophe
Chapter 5: There is no ‘virus’
Chapter 6: Sequence of deceit
Chapter 7: War on your mind
Chapter 8: ‘Reframing’ insanity
Chapter 9: We must have it? So what is it?
Chapter 10: Human 2.0
Chapter 11: Who controls the Cult?
Chapter 12: Escaping Wetiko
Postscript
Appendix: Cowan-Kaufman-Morell Statement on Virus Isolation
Bibliography
Index