Basic Geriatric Nursing

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IFC
Half Title
Contents in Brief
Title
Dedication
Contributors and Reviewers
LPN/LVN Advisory Board
To the Instructor
A tailored
education
experience
To the Student
Contents
1 - Trends and Issues
Key Terms
INTRODUCTION TO GERIATRIC NURSING
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE STUDY OF AGING
WHAT’S IN A NAME: GERIATRICS, GERONTOLOGY, AND GERONTICS
ATTITUDES TOWARD AGING
GERONTOPHOBIA
Ageism
Age Discrimination
DEMOGRAPHICS
SCOPE OF THE AGING POPULATION
GENDER AND ETHNIC DISPARITY
THE BABY BOOMERS
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF THE OLDER ADULT POPULATION
MARITAL STATUS
EDUCATIONAL STATUS
ECONOMICS OF AGING
POVERTY
INCOME
WEALTH
HOUSING ARRANGEMENTS
HEALTH CARE PROVISIONS
MEDICARE AND MEDICAID
RISING COSTS AND LEGISLATIVE ACTIVITY
COSTS AND END-OF-LIFE CARE
ADVANCE DIRECTIVES AND PHYSICIAN ORDERS FOR LIFE-SUSTAINING TREATMENT
IMPACT OF AGING MEMBERS OF THE FAMILY
REFLECTION BY A NURSING PROFESSOR
THE NURSE AND FAMILY INTERACTIONS
SELF-NEGLECT
ABUSE OR NEGLECT BY THE FAMILY
Physical Abuse
Neglect
Emotional Abuse
Financial Abuse
Abandonment
Responses to Abuse
ABUSE BY UNRELATED CAREGIVERS
SUPPORT GROUPS
RESPITE CARE
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Key Points
Additional Learning Resources
 Online Resources
Review Questions for the Next-Generation NCLEX® Examination
References
2 - Theories of Aging
Key Terms
BIOLOGIC THEORIES
PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORIES
IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING
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Key Points
Additional Learning Resources
 Online Resources
Review Questions for the Next Generation NCLEX® Examination
References
3 - Physiologic Changes
Key Terms
THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
Expected Age-Related Changes
Common Disorders Seen With Aging
Melanoma and Nonmelanoma
Pressure Injuries
Inflammation and Infection
Hypothermia
THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
Bones
Vertebrae
Joints, Tendons, and Ligaments
Muscles
Expected Age-Related Changes
Common Disorders Seen With Aging
Osteoporosis
Degenerative Joint Disease
Osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Bursitis
Gouty Arthritis
THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Upper Respiratory Tract
Lower Respiratory Tract
Air Exchange (Respiration)
Expected Age-Related Changes
Common Disorders Seen With Aging
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Influenza
COVID-19
Pneumonia
Tuberculosis
Lung Cancer
THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Heart
Blood Vessels
Conduction System
Expected Age-Related Changes
Common Disorders Seen With Aging
Coronary Artery Disease
Coronary Valve Disease
Cardiac Arrhythmias
Heart Failure
Cardiomegaly
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Occlusive Peripheral Vascular Problems
Varicose Veins
Aneurysm
Hypertensive Disease
THE HEMATOPOIETIC AND LYMPHATIC SYSTEMS
Blood
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Platelets
Lymph System
Lymph Vessels, Fluid, and Nodes
Spleen and Thymus
Lymphocytes and Immunity
Expected Age-Related Changes
Common Disorders Seen With Aging
Anemia
Leukemia
THE GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM
Oral Cavity
Tongue
Salivary Glands
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Expected Age-Related Changes
Common Disorders Seen With Aging
Hiatal Hernia
Gastritis and Ulcers
Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis
Cancer
Hemorrhoids
Rectal Prolapse
THE URINARY SYSTEM
Kidneys
Ureters and Bladder
Characteristics of Urine
Expected Age-Related Changes
Common Disorders Seen With Aging
Urinary Incontinence
Urinary Tract Infection
Chronic Kidney Disease
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Central Nervous System
Medulla
Pons and Midbrain
Cerebellum
Hypothalamus
Cerebrum
Peripheral Nervous System
Expected Age-Related Changes
Common Disorders Seen With Aging
Parkinson Disease
Dementia
Alzheimer Dementia
Alternative Treatments for Alzheimer Disease
Transient Ischemic Attacks
Stroke
THE SPECIAL SENSES
The Eyes
Refraction
Expected Age-Related Changes
Common Disorders Seen With Aging
Blepharitis
Diplopia
Cataracts
Glaucoma
Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Retinal Detachment
The Ears
Expected Age-Related Changes
Common Disorders Seen With Aging
Otosclerosis
Tinnitus
Deafness
Ménière Disease
Taste and Smell
Expected Age-Related Changes
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Pituitary Gland
Thyroid Gland
Parathyroid Glands
Pancreas
Adrenal Glands
Ovaries and Testes
Expected Age-Related Changes
Common Disorders Seen With Aging
Diabetes Mellitus
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Hypoglycemia
Hypothyroidism
THE REPRODUCTIVE AND GENITOURINARY SYSTEMS
Female Reproductive Organs
Male Reproductive Organs
Expected Age-Related Changes
Changes in Women
Changes in Men
Common Disorders Seen With Aging
Uterine Prolapse
Vaginal Infection
Breast Cancer
Prostate Cancer
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Key Points
Additional Learning Resources
Review Questions for the Next Generation NCLEX® Examination
References
4 - Health Promotion, Health Maintenance, and Home Health Considerations
Key Terms
RECOMMENDED HEALTH PRACTICES FOR OLDER ADULTS
DIET
EXERCISE
TOBACCO AND ALCOHOL
PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS AND PREVENTIVE OVERALL CARE
DENTAL EXAMINATIONS AND PREVENTIVE ORAL CARE
MAINTAINING HEALTHY ATTITUDES
FACTORS THAT AFFECT HEALTH PROMOTION AND MAINTENANCE
RELIGIOUS BELIEFS
CULTURAL BELIEFS
KNOWLEDGE AND MOTIVATION
MOBILITY
PERCEPTIONS OF AGING
IMPACT OF COGNITIVE AND SENSORY CHANGES
IMPACT OF CHANGES RELATED TO ACCESSIBILITY
HOME HEALTH
UNPAID CAREGIVER
PAID CAREGIVERS
TYPES OF HOME SERVICES
NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR INADEQUATE HEALTH MAINTENANCE AND INADEQUATE HEALTH MANAGEMENT
ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION)
Recognize Cues
DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
PLANNING
IMPLEMENTATION
NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR NONADHERENCE WITH THE TREATMENT PLAN
ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION)
Recognize Cues
Data Analysis/Problem Identification
PLANNING
IMPLEMENTATION
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Key Points
Additional Learning Resources
Online Resources
Review Questions for the Next Generation NCLEX® Examination
References
5 - Communicating With Older Adults
Key Terms
INFORMATION SHARING (FRAMING The MESSAGE)
FORMAL OR THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION
INFORMAL OR SOCIAL COMMUNICATION
NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
SYMBOLS
TONE OF VOICE
BODY LANGUAGE
SPACE, DISTANCE, AND POSITION
GESTURES
FACIAL EXPRESSIONS
EYE CONTACT
PACE OR SPEED OF COMMUNICATION
TIME AND TIMING
TOUCH
SILENCE
EMPATHY, ACCEPTANCE, DIGNITY, AND RESPECT IN COMMUNICATION
ACTIVE AND EMPATHETIC LISTENING
BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION
HEARING IMPAIRMENT
APHASIA
DEMENTIA
CULTURAL DIFFERENCES
SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES
INFORMING
DIRECT QUESTIONING
USING OPEN-ENDED TECHNIQUES
CONFRONTING
COMMUNICATING WITH VISITORS AND FAMILIES
DELIVERING BAD NEWS
HAVING DIFFICULT CONVERSATIONS
IMPROVING COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE OLDER ADULT AND THEIR PRIMARY CARE PROVIDER
EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION WITH THE HEALTH CARE TEAM
TELEPHONING PRIMARY CARE PROVIDERS
PATIENT TEACHING
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Key Points
Additional Learning Resources
Review Questions for the Next Generation NCLEX® Examination
References
6 - Maintaining Fluid Balance and Meeting Nutritional Needs
Key Terms
NUTRITION AND AGING
CALORIC INTAKE
NUTRIENTS
CARBOHYDRATES
PROTEINS
FATS
VITAMINS
MINERALS
FUNCTIONAL FOODS
WATER
MALNUTRITION AND THE OLDER ADULT
FACTORS AFFECTING NUTRITION IN OLDER ADULTS
SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ASPECTS OF NUTRITION
NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR RISK FOR ALTERED NUTRITION
ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION)
Recognize Cues
APPETITE CHANGES
NUTRITIONAL INTAKE
SOCIAL AND CULTURAL FACTORS
HOME CARE OR DISCHARGE PLANNING
DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
PLANNING
IMPLEMENTATION
NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR FLUID VOLUME AND POTENTIAL FOR ALTERED INTAKE
ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION)
Recognize Cues
FLUID VOLUME DEFICIT
FLUID VOLUME OVERLOAD
DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
PLANNING
IMPLEMENTATION
NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR ALTERED SWALLOWING ABILITY
ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION)
Recognize Cues
DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
PLANNING
IMPLEMENTATION
NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR ASPIRATION RISK
ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION)
Recognize Cues
DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
PLANNING
IMPLEMENTATION
Key Points
Additional Learning Resources
Online Resources
Review Questions for the Next Generation NCLEX® Examination
REFERENCES
7 - Medications and Older Adults
Key Terms
RISKS RELATED TO DRUG TESTING METHODS
RISKS RELATED TO THE PHYSIOLOGIC CHANGES OF AGING
PHARMACOKINETICS
Drug Absorption
Drug Distribution
Drug Metabolism
Drug Excretion
PHARMACODYNAMICS
Polypharmacy
POTENTIALLY INAPPROPRIATE MEDICATION USE IN OLDER ADULTS
RISKS RELATED TO COGNITIVE OR SENSORY CHANGES
RISKS RELATED TO INADEQUATE KNOWLEDGE
RISKS RELATED TO FINANCIAL FACTORS
MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION IN AN INSTITUTIONAL SETTING
NURSING ASSESSMENT AND MEDICATION
MEDICATION AND THE NURSING CARE PLAN
NURSING INTERVENTIONS RELATED TO MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION
Right Patient
Right Medication
Right Amount
Right Dosage Form
Right Route
Right Time
Right Documentation
PATIENT RIGHTS AND MEDICATION
SELF-MEDICATION AND OLDER ADULTS
IN AN INSTITUTIONAL SETTING
IN THE HOME
TEACHING OLDER ADULTS ABOUT MEDICATIONS
SAFETY AND NONADHERENCE ISSUES
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Key Points
Additional Learning Resources
 Online Resources
Review Questions for the Next Generation NCLEX® Examination
REFERENCES
8 - Health Assessment for Older Adults
Key Terms
HEALTH SCREENING
Health Assessments
INTERVIEWING OLDER ADULTS
PREPARING THE PHYSICAL SETTING
ESTABLISHING RAPPORT
STRUCTURING THE INTERVIEW
OBTAINING THE HEALTH HISTORY
PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT OF OLDER ADULTS
INSPECTION
PALPATION
AUSCULTATION
PERCUSSION
MEASURING VITAL SIGNS IN OLDER ADULTS
TEMPERATURE
PULSE
RESPIRATION
BLOOD PRESSURE
SENSORY ASSESSMENT OF OLDER ADULTS
PSYCHOSOCIAL ASSESSMENT OF OLDER ADULTS
SPECIAL ASSESSMENTS
The Minimum Data Set 3.0
ASSESSMENT OF CONDITION CHANGE IN OLDER ADULTS
FULMER SPICES
FANCAPES
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Key Points
Additional Learning Resources
Review Questions for the Next Generation NCLEX® Examination
REFERENCES
9 - Meeting Safety Needs of Older Adults
Key Terms
INTERNAL RISK FACTORS
FALLS
FALL PREVENTION
TOOLS TO ASSESS FOR FALLS
SPECIFIC STRATEGIES TO PREVENT FALLS
EXTERNAL RISK FACTORS
FIRE HAZARDS
HOME SECURITY
INTERNET SAFETY
VEHICULAR ACCIDENTS
THERMAL HAZARDS
SUMMARY
NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR POTENTIAL FOR INJURY
ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION)
DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
PLANNING
IMPLEMENTATION
NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR HYPOTHERMIA/HYPERTHERMIA
ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION)
DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
Planning
Implementation
TO PREVENT HYPERTHERMIA
TO PREVENT HYPOTHERMIA
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Key Points
Additional Learning Resources
 Online Resources
Review Questions for The Next Generation NCLEX® Examination
REFERENCES
10 - Cognition and Perception
Key Terms
NORMAL COGNITIVE-PERCEPTUAL FUNCTIONING
COGNITION AND INTELLIGENCE
COGNITION AND LANGUAGE
NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR ALTERED SENSORY PERCEPTION
ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION)
DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
Analyze Cues and Prioritize Hypotheses
PLANNING
IMPLEMENTATION
NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR CHRONIC CONFUSION
ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION)
DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
PLANNING
IMPLEMENTATION
Nursing Process/Clinical Judgment Model for Altered Communication Ability
ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION)
DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
PLANNING
IMPLEMENTATION
NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR PAIN
ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION)
DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
PLANNING
IMPLEMENTATION
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Key Points
Additional Learning Resources
Review Questions for the Next Generation NCLEX® Examination
REFERENCES
11 - Self-Perception and Self-Concept
Key Terms
NORMAL SELF-PERCEPTION AND SELF-CONCEPT
SELF-PERCEPTION/SELF-CONCEPT AND AGING
DEPRESSION AND AGING
SUICIDE AND AGING
NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR ALTERED SELF-PERCEPTION AND ALTERED SELF-CONCEPT
ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION)
Recognize cues
NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR ALTERED BODY IMAGE
ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION)
Recognize cues
DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
Planning
IMPLEMENTATION
NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR POTENTIAL FOR DECREASED SELF-ESTEEM
ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION)
Recognize cues
DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
PLANNING
IMPLEMENTATION
NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR FEAR
ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION)
Recognize cues
DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
PLANNING
IMPLEMENTATION
NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR ANXIETY
ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION)
Recognize cues
DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
PLANNING
IMPLEMENTATION
NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR DECREASED HOPE
ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION)
Recognize cues
DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
PLANNING
IMPLEMENTATION
NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR LOSS OF POWER
ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION)
Recognize cues
DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
PLANNING
IMPLEMENTATION
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Key Points
Additional Learning Resources
 Internet Resources
Review Questions for the Next Generation NCLEX® Examination
REFERENCES
12 - Roles and Relationships
Key Terms
NORMAL ROLES AND RELATIONSHIPS
ROLES, RELATIONSHIPS, AND AGING
NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR COMPLEX GRIEF
ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION)
Recognize cues
DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
PLANNING
IMPLEMENTATION
NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR LONELINESS AND POTENTIAL FOR SOCIAL ISOLATION
ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION)
Recognize cues
DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
PLANNING
IMPLEMENTATION
NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR ALTERED FAMILY FUNCTIONING
ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION)
Recognize cues
DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
PLANNING
IMPLEMENTATION
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Key Points
Additional Learning Resources
Review Questions for the Next Generation NCLEX® Examination
REFERENCES
13 - Coping and Stress
Key Terms
NORMAL STRESS AND COPING
PHYSICAL SIGNS OF STRESS
COGNITIVE SIGNS OF STRESS
Emotional Signs
Behavioral Signs
STRESS AND ILLNESS
STRESS AND LIFE EVENTS
STRESS REDUCTION AND COPING STRATEGIES
NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR LIMITED COPING ABILITY
ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION)
Recognize Cues
DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
PLANNING
IMPLEMENTATION
NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR DISRUPTED LIVING SITUATION AND MALADAPTIVE RESPONSE TO DISRUPTED LIVING SITUATION
ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION)
Recognize Cues
DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
PLANNING
IMPLEMENTATION
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Key Points
Additional Learning Resources
Review questions for the Next Generation NCLEX® examination
REFERENCES
14 - Values and Beliefs
Key Terms
COMMON VALUES AND BELIEFS OF OLDER ADULTS
ECONOMIC VALUES
INTERPERSONAL VALUES
CULTURAL VALUES
SPIRITUAL OR RELIGIOUS VALUES
NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR SPIRITUAL DISCONNECTION
ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION)
DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
PLANNING
IMPLEMENTATION
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Key Points
Additional Learning Resources
Review Questions for the Next Generation NCLEX® Examination
REFERENCES
15 - End-of-Life Care
Key Terms
DEATH IN WESTERN CULTURES
ATTITUDES TOWARD DEATH AND END-OF-LIFE PLANNING
ADVANCE DIRECTIVES
CAREGIVER ATTITUDES TOWARD END-OF-LIFE CARE
VALUES CLARIFICATION RELATED TO DEATH AND END-OF-LIFE CARE
WHAT IS A “GOOD” DEATH?
WHERE PEOPLE DIE
PALLIATIVE CARE
COLLABORATIVE ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS FOR END-OF-LIFE CARE
COMMUNICATION AT THE END OF LIFE
PSYCHOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVES, ASSESSMENTS, AND INTERVENTIONS
CULTURAL PERSPECTIVES
COMMUNICATION ABOUT DEATH
DECISION-MAKING PROCESS
Amount and Type of Intervention That Will Be Accepted
Significance of Pain and Suffering
DEPRESSION, ANXIETY, AND FEAR
PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES, ASSESSMENTS, AND INTERVENTIONS
PAIN
FATIGUE AND SLEEPINESS
CARDIOVASCULAR CHANGES
RESPIRATORY CHANGES
GASTROINTESTINAL CHANGES
URINARY CHANGES
INTEGUMENTARY CHANGES
SENSORY CHANGES
CHANGES IN COGNITION
DEATH
RECOGNIZING IMMINENT DEATH
FUNERAL ARRANGEMENTS
BEREAVEMENT
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Key Points
Additional Learning Resources
Review Questions for the Next Generation NCLEX® Examination
REFERENCES
16 - Sexuality and Aging
Key Terms
FACTORS THAT AFFECT SEXUALITY OF OLDER ADULTS
AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN WOMEN
AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN MEN
IMPACT OF ILLNESS ON SEXUAL HEALTH
EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL AND MEDICATIONS ON SEXUAL HEALTH
LOSS OF A SEX PARTNER
MARRIAGE AND OLDER ADULTS
CAREGIVERS AND THE SEXUALITY OF OLDER ADULTS
SEXUAL ORIENTATION OF OLDER ADULTS
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS
PRIVACY AND PERSONAL RIGHTS OF OLDER ADULTS
NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR ALTERED SEXUAL FUNCTION
ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION)
Data ANalysis/Problem Identification
PLANNING
IMPLEMENTATION
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Key Points
Additional Learning Resources
Review Questions for the Next Generation NCLEX® Examination
REFERENCES
17 - Care of Aging Skin and Mucous Membranes
Key Terms
AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN SKIN, HAIR, AND NAILS
SKIN COLOR
DRY SKIN
RASHES AND IRRITATION
PIGMENTATION
TISSUE INTEGRITY
PRESSURE INJURIES
AMOUNT, DISTRIBUTION, APPEARANCE, AND CONSISTENCY OF HAIR
Tissue of the Feet
Nails
Other Common Foot Problems
NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR ALTERED SKIN INTEGRITY
ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION)
DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
PLANNING
IMPLEMENTATION
AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN ORAL MUCOUS MEMBRANES
DENTAL CARIES
PERIODONTAL DISEASE
PAIN
DENTURES
DRY MOUTH
LEUKOPLAKIA
CANCER
ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO-RELATED PROBLEMS
PROBLEMS CAUSED BY NEUROLOGIC CONDITIONS
NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR ALTERED ORAL MUCOUS MEMBRANES
ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION)
DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
PLANNING
IMPLEMENTATION
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Key Points
Additional Learning Resources
Review Questions for the Next Generation NCLEX® Examination
References
18 - Elimination
Key Terms
NORMAL ELIMINATION PATTERNS
ELIMINATION AND AGING
CONSTIPATION
FECAL IMPACTION
NURSING PROCESS/CRITICAL THINKING MODEL FOR CONSTIPATION
ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION)
DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
PLANNING
IMPLEMENTATION
DIARRHEA
NURSING PROCESS/CRITICAL THINKING MODEL FOR DIARRHEA
ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION)
DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
PLANNING
IMPLEMENTATION
FECAL INCONTINENCE
NURSING PROCESS/CRITICAL THINKING MODEL FOR FECAL INCONTINENCE
ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION)
DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
PLANNING
IMPLEMENTATION
URINARY RETENTION
URINARY TRACT INFECTION
Urinary Incontinence
STRESS URINARY INCONTINENCE
URGE URINARY INCONTINENCE
REFLEX URINARY INCONTINENCE
OVERFLOW URINARY INCONTINENCE
FUNCTIONAL URINARY INCONTINENCE
MIXED URINARY INCONTINENCE
NURSING PROCESS/CRITICAL THINKING MODEL FOR ALTERED URINARY FUNCTION
FUNCTIONASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION)
DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEMS IDENTIFICATION
PLANNING
IMPLEMENTATION
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Key Points
Additional Learning Resources
Review Questions for the Next Generation NCLEX® Examination
REFERENCES
19 - Activity and Exercise
Key Terms
NORMAL ACTIVITY PATTERNS
ACTIVITY AND AGING
EXERCISE RECOMMENDATION FOR OLDER ADULTS
EFFECTS OF DISEASE PROCESSES ON ACTIVITY
NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR ALTERED MOBILITY
ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION)
DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
PLANNING
IMPLEMENTATION
NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR ALTERED ACTIVITY TOLERANCE
ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION)
DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
PLANNING
IMPLEMENTATION
NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR PROBLEMS OF OXYGENATION
ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION)
DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
PLANNING
IMPLEMENTATION
NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR ALTERED SELF-CARE ABILITY
ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION)
DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
PLANNING
IMPLEMENTATION
NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR DEFICIENT DIVERSIONAL ACTIVITY
ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION)
DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
PLANNING
IMPLEMENTATION
REHABILITATION
NEGATIVE ATTITUDES: THE CONTROLLING OR CUSTODIAL FOCUS
POSITIVE ATTITUDES: THE REHABILITATIVE FOCUS
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Key Points
Additional Learning Resources
Review Questions for the Next Generation NCLEX® Examination
REFERENCES
20 - Sleep and Rest
Key Terms
SLEEP-REST HEALTH PATTERN
NORMAL SLEEP AND REST
SLEEP AND AGING
SLEEP DISORDERS
INSOMNIA
SLEEP APNEA
CIRCADIAN RHYTHM SLEEP DISORDERS
REM Sleep-Behavior Disorder
NURSING PROCESS/CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL FOR DISRUPTED SLEEP PATTERN
ASSESSMENT (DATA COLLECTION)
DATA ANALYSIS/PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
PLANNING
IMPLEMENTATION
Get Ready for the Next Generation NCLEX®
Key Points
Additional Learning Resources
Review Questions for the Next Generation NCLEX® Examination
REFERENCES
A - Laboratory Values for Older Adults
B - The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)
Geriatric Depression Scale
C - Daily Nutritional Goals for Older Adults
D - Resources for Older Adults
Organizations
Aging Associations and Societies
Gerontology Centers/Education Centers/Institutes
Statistics and Government Sites
Journals/Periodicals
Educational Resources
Information on Exercise
Glossary
Index
IBC