Basic Electronics

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Contents
Preface
Introduction
I-l Electronics Defined
1-2 A Brief Historical Outline
1-3 Requirements for Electronic Components
1-4 Semiconductor Devices in Electronics
Semiconductor Devices
Electric Conduction in Semiconductors
1-1 Electrons in Solids
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1-2 Intrinsic Electron and Hole Conduction. Drift Current
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1-3 Extrinsic Conduction
1-4 Carrier Diffusion in Semiconductors
P-N and Metal-Semiconductor Junctions
2-1 A P-7V Junction with No External Voltage Applied
2-2 The Forward-Biased P-N Junction
2-3 The Reverse-Biased P-N Junction
2-4 The Metal-Semiconductor Junction
Semiconductor Diodes
3-1 The Current-Voltage Characteristic of the Semiconductor Diode
3-2 The Capacitance of a Semiconductor Diode
3-3 The Temperature Behaviour of Semiconductor Diodes
3-4 The Operation of the Diode at Load
3-5 Semiconductor Diodes as Rectifiers
3-6 Series and Parallel Connection of Diodes
3-7 The Pulsed Operation of Semiconductor Diodes
3-8 Basic Types of Semiconductor Diodes
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Bipolar Transistors
4-1 General Principles
4-2 Physical Processes in a Transistor
4-3 Amplification by a Transistor
4-4 The Basic Circuit Configurations of Transistors
4-5 Bias Supply and Temperature Compensation for Transistors
4-6 Transistors in Amplifiers and Oscillators
Characteristics and Parameters of Bipolar Transistors
5-1 Characteristics of Transistors
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5-2 Parameters and Equivalent Circuits of Transistors
Dynamic Operation of Bipolar Transistors
6-1 Calculation of Dynamic Operation of Transistors
6-2 The Effect of Temperature on the Performance of Transistors
6-3 The Frequency Behaviour of T ransistors
6-4 Transistors as Switches
6-5 Frequency Changing by Semiconductor Devices
6-6 Inherent Noise in Transistors
6-7 Basic Types of Bipolar Transistors
Field-Effect Transistors and Thyristors
7-1 Field-Effect Transistors
7-2 Thyristors
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Miscellaneous Semiconductor Devices
8-1 The Tunnel Diode
8-2 Microwave Semiconductor Diodes
8-3 Avalanche Diodes and Gunn Diodes
8-4 Heterojunction Devices
8-5 The Unijunction Transistor
8-6 Semiconductor Resistors
An Outline of Integrated Circuits
9-1 General
9-2 Film and Hybrid Integrated Circuits
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9-3 Monolithic Integrated Circuits
9-4 Charge-Coupled Devices ^and Integrated Injection Logic (I2L) Chips
Electron Tubes
Behaviour of Electrons in Electric and Magnetic Fields
10-1 The Motion of Electrons in a Uniform Electric Field
10-2 The Motion of Electrons in a Nonuniform Electric Field
10-3 The Motion of Electrons in a Uniform Magnetic Field
The Basic Structure and Operation of Electron Tubes
11-1 A General Outline and Classification of Electron Tubes
11-2 The Basic Structure and Operation of the Diode
11-3 The Basic Structure and Operation of the Triode
11-4 Electron Emission
11-5 The Parameters of Thermionic Cathodes
11-6 Cathodes
11-7 Directly and Indirectly Heated Cathodes
11-8 Anode and Grid Types for Vacuum Tubes
11-9 Vacuum in Vacuum Tubes.
11-10 Electrode Mounting and Electrode Leads
Diodes
12-1 Physical Processes
12-2 The Three-Halves Power Law
12-3 The Current-Voltage Characteristic of a Vacuum Diode
12-4 The Parameters of the Vacuum Diode
12-5 Dynamic Operation of a Vacuum Diode, Rectification of Alternating Current
Vacuum Triodes
13-1 Physical Processes
13-2 Current Division
13-3 The Virtual Voltage and the Three-Halves Power Law
13-4 Characteristics of the Vacuum Triode
13-5 The Operating Conditions,
13-6 Grid Current
The Vacuum Triode in Operation at Load
14-1 General
14-2 An Amplifier Stage Using a Vacuum Triode
14-3 Amplifier Stage Parameters
14-4 The Analytical Method and the Equivalent Circuits of an Amplifier Stage
14-5 Graphical Analysis of Triode Performance at Load
14-6 The Vacuum Triode as an Oscillator
14-7 The Interelectrode Capacitances of a Vacuum Triode
14-8 Common-Grid and Common-Anode Stages
14-9 Limitations of the Vacuum Triode
14-10 Basic Types of Receiving-Amplifying Vacuum Triodes
Tetrodes, Pentodes and Miscellaneous Tubes
15-1 The Vacuum Tetrode
15-2 Secondary Electron Emission in the Vacuum Tetrode
15-3 The Pentode
15-4 Current Division in the Pentode
15-5 Connection of Tetrodes and Pentodes in Circuits
15-6 The Characteristics of Tetrodes and Pentodes
15-7 The Parameters of Tetrodes and Pentodes
15-8 The Interelectrode Capacitances of Tetrodes and Pentodes
15-9 The Beam Power Tetrode
15-10 The Characteristics and Parameters of the Beam Tetrode
15-11 The Dynamic Operation of Tetrodes and Pentodes
15-12 Variable-Mu Tubes
15-13 Basic Types of Tetrodes and Pentodes
15-14 Miscellaneous Tubes
Cathode-Ray Tubes
16-1 General
16-2 The Electrostatic CRT
16-3 The Supply Circuits of the CRT
16-4 The Electron Gun of an Electrostatic CRT
16-5 Electrostatic Beam Deflection
16-7 Image Distortion in Electrostatic CRTs
16-8 The Magnetic CRTs
16-10 Basic Types of CRTs for Oscilloscopes and TV
16-11 Shaped-Beam Character Display Tubes
Gas-Discharge and Indicator Tubes
17-1 Gaseous Discharges
17-2 Forms of Gaseous Discharge
17 3 Glow Discharge
17-4 Voltage Regulator Tubes
17-5 Circuits Using VR Tubes
17-6 Glow-Discharge Thyratrons
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17-7 Character Display and Numerical Readout Devices
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17-8 Miscellaneous Gas-Discharge Devices
Tube Noise
18-1 Sources of Tube Noise
18-2 The Noise Performance of Vacuum Tubes
Operation of Vacuum Tubes at Microwave Frequencies
19-1 The Effects of Interelectrode Capacitances and Lead Inductances
19-2 Electron-Inertia Effects
19-3 Electrostatically Induced Currents in the Circuits of Vacuum Tubes
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19-4 The Input Resistance of and Power Dissipation in Tubes
19-5 Tubes in Pulse Operation
19-6 Microwave Vacuum Tubes
Advanced Types of Microwave Tubes
20-1 General
20-2 The Drift-Tube Klystron
20-3 The Reflex Klystron
20-4 The Magnetron
20-5 Travelling-Wave and Back ward-Wave Tubes
20-6 The Amplitron and the Carmatron
Reliability and Testing of Electron Devices
21-1 Reliability and Testing of Semiconductor Devices
21-2 Reliability and Testing of Tubes
Photoelectric and Optoelectronic Devices
Photoelectric Devices
22-1 Photoelectric Emission
22-2 Phototubes
22-3 The Photomultiplier Tube
Semiconductor Optoelectronic Devices
23-1 General
23-2 Bulk Photoconductors (Photoresistors)
23-3 Photodiodes
23-4 Semiconductor Photovoltaic Cells
23-5 Phototransistors
23-6 Photothyristors
23-7 Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs)
23-8 Optocouplers (Optoisolators)
Conclusion
Index