Basic Electricity And Electronics

Contents
Introduction
Part One Electricity
One
1-1. General
1-2. Voltage. Potential
1-3. Electric Conduction
1-4. Capacitance. Capadtors
1-5. Connection of Capacitors
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1-6. Energy of the Electric Field
1-7. Polarization of Dielectrics
1-8. Electric Insulating Materials
Direct-Current
Circuits
2-1. Electric Current
2-2. Electric Circuit and Ifs Components
2-3. Ohm's Law
2-4. Electric Résistance and Conductance
2-5. Relationship between Résistance and Température
2-6. Conductor Materials
2-7. Energy and Power
2-8. Conversion of Electric Energy into Heat
2-9. Electric Load on Wires and Overload Protection
2-10. Voltage Loss in Wires
y,
2-11. Kirchhoffs First (Current) Law
2-12. Sériés Combination of Résistances (Loads)
2-13. Parallel Combination of Résistances (Loads)
2-14. Series-Parallel Combination of Résistances (Loads)
2-15. Two Modes of Operation of Power Source
2-16. Kirchhoff's Second (Voltage) Law
2£ = 2(/r) (2-47)
2-17. Solution of Complex Circuits
2-18. Chemical Sources of Current
2-19. Combinations of Chemical Current Sources
2-20. Nonlinear Circuits
Three
3-1. Magnetic Field of a Current
3-2. Magnetomotive Force, Magnetic Field Strength
3-3. Ampere's Circuital Law
3-4. Magnetic Induction, Permeability, Magnetic Flux
3-5. Elecfromagnetic Force
3-6. Interaction of Parallel Current-Carrying Conductors
3-7. The Magnetic Field due to a Currenf-Carrying Coil
3-8. Ferromagnetics. Magnetization and Reversai of Magnetization
3-9. Ferromagnetic Materials
3-10. The Magnetic Circuit and Ifs Designing
3-11. Electromagnets
3*12. Electromagnetic Induction
3-13. Operating Principle of an Electric Generator
3-14. Operating Principle of an Electric Motor
3-15. Eddy Currents
3-16. Inductance. EMF of Self-Induction
3-17. Energy of the Magnefic Field
3-18. Mutual Inductance
3-19. Magnetohydrodynamic Generator
Direct-Current Electric Machines
4-1. Functions
4-2. Design of D.C. Machines
4-3. Operating Principle of a D.C. Machine
4-4. Construction of the Armature Winding
4-5. The EMF of fhe Armature Winding
4-6. The Electromagnetic Torque of a Machine
4-7. Mechanical Power of a D.C. Machine
4-8. Armature Reaction of a D.C. Machine
4-9. Commutation
4-10. Ratings and Characterisfics of Electric Machines
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4-11. The Separately Excited Generafor
4-12. The Shunf-Wound Generafor
4-13. The Compound-Wound Generator
4-14. Direct-Current Motors
4-15. The Shunt-Wound Motor
4-16. The Separately Excited Motor
4-17. Sériés- and Compound-Wound Motors
4-18. Losses and Efficiency
Alternating Current— Basic Concepts And Définitions
5-1. Alternating Current
5-2. Génération of a Sinusoidal EMF
5-3. Phase Différence
5-4. Root-Mean-Square Values of Currenf and Voltage
5-5. Yector Diagrams
Single-Phase A. C. Circuits
6-1. À General Outline of A.C. Circuits
6-2. ▲ Circuit Containing Only a Résistance
6-4. A Circuit Containing a Résistance and an Inductance
6-5. À Sériés Circuit Confaining Résistances and Inductances
6-6. A Parallel Circuit Containing Résistances and Inductances
6-8. The Oscîllatory Circuit
6-9. Voltage (Sériés) Résonance
6-10. Current (Parallel) Résonance
6-11. The Power Factor
6-12. Active and Reactive Energy
Three-Phase
Networks
7-1. Three-Phase Systems
7-2. À Generator with Star-Connected Windings
7-3. ▲ Generator with a Delta-Connected Windings
7-4. Star-Connected Loads
7-5. Delta-Connected Loads
Electrical Measurements and Instruments
8-1. Basic Définitions
8-2. Classification of Electrical Measuring Instruments
8-3. The Movement of an Instrument
8-4. Measurement of Current and Voltage
8-5. Power Measurements
8-6. Energy Measurement
8-7. Résistance Measurement
8-8. Measuremenf of Nonelectrical Quantifies by Electrical Methods
Nine
9-1. Purpose of Transformers
9-2. Operating Principle and Design of a Single-Phase Transformer
9-3. Performance of a Single-Phase Transformer at No-Load
9-4. Performance of a Single-Phase Transformer under Load and the MMF Diagram
9-5. Variations in Transformer Voltage at Load
9-6. Power Lost in the Windings of a Loaded Transformer
9-7. The Three-Phase Transformer
9-8. Confrol of Transformer Voltage
9-9. Àufotransformers
9-10. Arc Welding Transformers
9-11. Instrument Transformers
9-12. Efficiency of a Transformer
9-13. Heat Control in Transformers
Alternating-Current Electrical Machines
10-1. Purpose of Alternating-Current Machines.
10-2. The Revolving Magnetic Field
10-3. The Stator Winding of an Induction Motor
10-4. The Rotor Winding of an Induction Motor
10-5. The Operating Principle of an Induction Motor
10-6. EMFs in the Stator and Rotor Windings of an Induction Motor
10-7. The Impédance of the Rotor Winding
10-8. Currents in the Rotor Winding
10-9. The Torque of a Motor
10-10. Starting of Induction Motors
10-11. Speed Control of an Induction Motor
10-12. The Single-Phase Induction Motor
10-13. Losses in and Efficiency of an Induction Motor
10-14. Synchronous Machines
10-15. The D.C./A.C. Commutafor Motor
Eleven and Control Equipment
11-1. Electric Drive
11 -2. Température Rise of Electrical Machines
11-3. Sélection of Power Rafing for a Motor in Continuons Dufy
11-4. Sélection of Power Rating for a Motor Operating in Shorf-Time Duty
11-5. Sélection of Power Rating for a Motor in Intermittent Duty
11-6. Knife-Blade Switches
11-7. Packet Switches
11-8. Starting and Control Rhéostats for Electric Motors
11.9. Control Switches
11-10. Fuses
11-11. Automatic Air Circuit Breakers
11-12. Contactors
11-14. Motor Control Circuits
11-15. Control of a Three-Phase Squirrel-Cage Induction Motor by a Magnetic Starter
11-16. Control of a Three-Phase Squirrel-Cage
11-17. Starting of a Two-Speed Squirrel-Cage Induction Motor
11-18. Automatic Starting of a Three-Phase Slip-Ring Induction Motor
Twelve Transmission
and Distribution
12-1. Industrial Distribution Networks
12-2. Industrial Transformer Substations and Switchgear
12-4. Safety Grounding
Basic Electronics
Thirteen of Electronic Processes.
Electron Devices
13-1. Classification and Use of Electron Devices
13-2. The Motion of Electrons in an Electric Field
13-3. The Motion of an Electron in a Uniform Magnetic Field
13-4. Electron Emission
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13-5. Vacuum-Tube Cathodes
13-6. The Vacuum Diode
Fourteen and Multi-Electrode
Tubes
14-1. The Structure and Principle of Operation of the Vacuum Triode
14-2. Static Characteristic Curves of the Vacuum Triode
14-3. Paramefers and Ratings of the Vacuum Triode
14-4. Interelecfrode Capacitance of the Vacuum Triode
14-5. Types of Vacuum Triodes
14-7. Pentodes
14-8. Multiple-Unit and Multi-Grid Tubes
Gas-Filled Tubes
15-1. Electric Discharges in Gases
and Their Volt-Âmpere Characteristics
15-2. Nonself-Maintaining Arc-Discharge Devices
15-4. Self-Mainfaining Arc-Discharge Devices (a) General
15-5. Nomenclature for Soviet-Made Gas-Discharge Tubes
Semiconductor Devices and Their Application
16-1. Intrinsic Conduction in Semiconducfors
16-2. Impurity or Extrinsic Conduction in Semiconductors
16-3. The Crystal Diode
16-4. Germanium and Silicon Diodes
16-5. Copper-Oxide and Sélénium Diodes
16-6. Application of Crystal Rectifiers
16-7. Marking of Crystal Diodes
16-8. The Silicon Zener Diode
16-9. Transistors
16-11. Type Désignations of Transistors
16-12. Thyristors
Photoelectric
Devices
17-1. Phofocells
17-2. The Photomultiplier Tube
17-3. Photoresistors
17-4. Semiconducfor Photovolfaic Cells
Eighteen
Rectifiers
18-1. Half-Wave Rectification
18-2. Full-Wave Rectification
18-3. Three-Phase Rectifiers
18-4. Sélection of Diodes for Rectifier Circuits
18-6. Wave Rectifiers
18-7. Thyristor Rectifiers
Audio-Frequency
Amplifiers
19-1. General
19-2. Practical Common-Emitter Amplifiers
19-3. The Quiescent (Q) Point.
19-4. Frequency Response of Amplifiers
19-5. Multistage Transistor Amplifiers
19-6. The Final Transistor Amplifier Stage
19-7. Feedback Amplifiers
19-8. The Basic Vacuum-Triode A.F. Amplifier Stage (a) Amplification
19-10. Power Amplifiers
19-11. Transistors as Switches
Chapter Electronic Oscillators.
Twenty Oscilloscopes
20-1. Sinewave or Harmonie Oscillators
20-2. The Sawtooth Voltage Generator
20-3. Multivibrators
20-4. Cathode-Ray Tubes
20-5. The Cathode-Ray Oscilloscope
20-6. Coding System of Sovief-Made CRTs
21-1. General
21-2. The D.C. Vacuum-Tube Movable-Contacf Relay
21-3. The À.C. Vacuum-Tube Movable-Contact Relay
21-4. The D.C. RC-Network Timing Relay
21-5. The A.C. RC-Network Timing Relay
21-6. The Transistor Timing Relay
21-7. The Timing Relay Using
21-8. Photorelays
21-9. The Flip-Flop Circuit
Twenty of Computers
Two
22-1. General
22-2. Structure of a Digital Computer
22-3. Interaction of the Computer Units
22-4. The Binary Number System
22-5. Àrithmetic Operations on Binary Numbers
22-6. The Operating Principle
22-7. The Operating Principle of the Binary Counter
22-8. The Operafing Principle of the Adder in the Arithmetic Unit
22-9. Delay Lines
22-10. Memory Units
22-11. Input and Output Unifs
Chapter Industrial Applications
Twenty of Electronics.
Three An Outline
of Automation
23-1. Automatic Systems
23-2. Eléments of an Automatic System
23-3. Automatic Inspection and Quality Control
23-4. Automatic Machine Control
23-5. Automatic Process Control
Index
Bibliography