Author(s): S S Bhavikatti
Year: 2010
Language: English
Pages: 304
Preface......Page 6
Contents......Page 8
Unit-I Civil Engineering Materials......Page 14
1.1 Stones......Page 16
1.2 Bricks......Page 24
1.3 Lime......Page 29
1.4 Cement......Page 31
1.5 Timber......Page 36
Questions......Page 44
2.1 Sand......Page 46
2.2 Cement Mortar
......Page 47
2.3 Lime Mortar......Page 48
2.4 Mud Mortar......Page 49
2.6 Tests on Mortar......Page 50
Questions......Page 51
3.1 Plain Concrete......Page 52
3.2 Reinforced Cement Concrete (R.C.C.)......Page 62
3.4 Prestressed Concrete (PSC)
......Page 63
3.5 Fibre-Reinforced Concrete (FRC)......Page 64
3.7 Ferro-Cement......Page 65
Questions......Page 66
4.1 Ferrous Metals......Page 68
4.2 Aluminium......Page 70
Questions......Page 71
5.1 Glass......Page 72
5.2 Plastics......Page 73
5.4 Asbestos......Page 75
5.5 Paints......Page 76
5.7 Varnishes......Page 78
5.8 Solid and Hollow Concrete Blocks
......Page 79
5.9 Roofing and Flooring Tiles......Page 80
Questions......Page 81
Unit-II Building Construction......Page 84
6.1 Elements of a Building......Page 86
6.2 Basic Requirements of a Building......Page 89
6.4 Planning Suitable Orientation......Page 90
6.6 Planning for Suitable Utility......Page 91
6.7 Planning for Meeting Other Requirements......Page 92
Questions......Page 94
7.1 Dimensions of Foundation......Page 95
7.2 Conventional Spread Footings......Page 96
7.3 R.C.C. Footings......Page 97
7.4 Grillage Footing......Page 99
7.6 Pile Foundations......Page 100
7.7 Foundations in Black Cotton Soil......Page 102
Questions......Page 104
8.1 Types of Super Structures Based on the Method of Load Transfer......Page 105
8.2 Walls......Page 106
8.3 Stone Masonry......Page 107
8.4 Brick Masonry......Page 110
8.5 Plastering......Page 113
8.7 Flooring......Page 114
8.8 Roof......Page 118
8.9 Doors and Windows......Page 126
8.10 Lintels......Page 135
8.11 Stairs......Page 136
Questions......Page 139
9.1 Causes of Dampness......Page 141
9.3 Requirements of an Ideal Material for Damp Proofing......Page 142
9.5 Methods of Damp Proofing......Page 143
Questions......Page 145
10.1 Minimum Standards......Page 146
10.2 Approach to Cost Effective Mass Housing Schemes......Page 147
Questions......Page 148
Unit-III Surveying......Page 150
11.1 Object and Uses of Surveying......Page 152
11.2 Primary Divisions in Surveying......Page 153
11.3 Fundamental Principles of Surveying......Page 154
11.4 Classification of Surveying......Page 155
11.5 Plans and Maps......Page 156
11.6 Scales......Page 157
11.7 Types of Graphical Scales......Page 158
Questions......Page 161
12.1 Methods of Linear Measurements......Page 162
12.2 Instruments Used in Chaining......Page 167
12.3 Chain Surveying......Page 169
12.4 Ranging......Page 175
12.5 Obstacles in Chaining......Page 176
12.6 Errors in Chaining......Page 180
12.7 Tape Corrections......Page 181
12.8 Conventional Symbols......Page 186
Questions......Page 188
13.1 Types of Compass......Page 189
13.4 Whole Circle Bearing and Reduced Bearing......Page 193
13.5 Computation of Angles......Page 195
13.6 Declination and Dip......Page 197
13.7 Local Attraction......Page 200
13.8 Chain and Compass Surveying Field Work......Page 203
Questions......Page 206
14.1 Plane Table and Its Accessories......Page 208
14.2 Working Operations......Page 211
14.3 Methods of Plane Tabling......Page 212
14.4 Errors in Plane Table Surveying......Page 219
Questions......Page 220
15.2 Terms Used in Levelling......Page 222
15.3 Levelling Instruments......Page 224
15.4 Levelling Staff......Page 226
15.5 Methods of Levelling......Page 227
15.6 Terms Used in Direct Method of Levelling......Page 228
15,7 Temporary Adjustments of a Level......Page 229
15.8 Types of Direct Levelling......Page 230
Questions......Page 238
16.1 Theodolite......Page 239
16.2 Electromagnetic Distance Measuring Instruments......Page 244
16.3 Total Station......Page 246
16.4 Global Positioning System......Page 248
Questions......Page 249
Unit-IV Mapping and Sensing......Page 250
17.1 Mapping......Page 252
17.2 Contours......Page 254
17.3 Methods of Contouring......Page 256
Questions......Page 259
18.1 Computation of Areas From Field Notes......Page 260
18.2 Computing Areas From Maps......Page 265
18.3 Computation of Volumes......Page 269
Questions......Page 277
19.1 Remote Sensing
......Page 279
19.2 Geographical Information System (GIS)......Page 280
Questions......Page 281
Unit-V Disaster Resistant Building......Page 282
20.2 Types of Earthquakes......Page 284
20.3 Terminology......Page 285
20.5 Seismograph......Page 286
20.7 Improving Earthquake Resistance of Small Buildings......Page 287
20.8 Improving Earthquake Resistance of Tall Buildings......Page 289
20.9 Cyclone Resistant Buildings......Page 291
20.10 Fire Resistant Building......Page 292
Questions......Page 294
21.1 Disaster Prevention Strategy......Page 295
21.3 Disaster Preparedness......Page 296
21.5 Disaster Rescue and Relief Measures......Page 297
Questions......Page 298
22.1 IS Codes for Building Design......Page 299
Questions......Page 300
