Bacterial Infections of the Central Nervous System: Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Vol. 96

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A volume in the Handbook of Clinical Neurology series on bacterial infections as they impact on the nervous system.A volume in the Handbook of Clinical Neurology series, which has an unparalleled reputation as the world's most comprehensive source of information in neurology.International list of contributors including the leading workers in the field.Describes the advances which have occurred in clinical neurology and the neurosciences, their impact on the understanding of neurological disorders and on patient care.

Author(s): Karen L. Roos, Allan R. Tunkel
Edition: 1
Year: 2010

Language: English
Pages: 274

A......Page 2
B......Page 3
C......Page 4
Foreword......Page 5
Preface......Page 6
List of contributors......Page 7
Brain abscess......Page 9
Most prevalent pathogens of bacterial meningitis......Page 10
Streptococcus pneumoniae......Page 11
Escherichia coli......Page 12
Bacterial multiplication in the cerebrospinal fluid......Page 13
Cytokines......Page 14
MMPs and related proteases......Page 15
Neutrophil extravasation......Page 16
Cerebral blood flow......Page 17
Hippocampal injury......Page 18
Concluding Comments......Page 19
References
......Page 20
Pharmacokinetics of antimicrobial agents in bacterial meningitis......Page 25
Lumboureteral shunt......Page 59
Diagnosis......Page 26
Bactericidal/bacteriostatic activity......Page 27
Bacterial killing......Page 29
Etiology and epidemiology......Page 30
Acute syphilitic meningitis......Page 31
Empiric Antimicrobial Therapy for Bacterial Brain Abscess......Page 32
Summary......Page 34
References
......Page 35
The Ventricles and the Cerebrospinal Fluid......Page 38
Role of head CT scan prior to lumbar puncture......Page 39
Lumbar drains......Page 128
Post-lumbar puncture headache......Page 42
Antibiotic therapy......Page 43
Cell count......Page 44
Glucose concentration......Page 45
Paretic neurosyphilis......Page 46
Bacterial PCR......Page 47
Viral PCR......Page 48
CSF cortisol......Page 49
Clinical models......Page 50
References
......Page 52
Etiology......Page 57
Etiology......Page 58
Management......Page 76
Diagnosis......Page 60
Spinal fluid analysis......Page 62
Antimicrobial Therapy......Page 63
Epidemiology......Page 65
Neurological complications......Page 66
Recurrent bacterial meningitis......Page 67
References
......Page 68
Etiology......Page 70
Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology......Page 71
Pathophysiology......Page 73
References
......Page 78
Epidemiology......Page 80
Syphilis......Page 81
Pathogenesis And Pathophysiology......Page 82
Diagnosis......Page 85
Management......Page 88
References
......Page 92
Pathogenesis......Page 95
Rocky Mountain spotted fever......Page 127
Microbiology......Page 96
Diagnosis......Page 97
Treatment......Page 98
Outcome......Page 99
Practices that could improve outcome......Page 100
Spinal subdural empyema......Page 101
References
......Page 102
Introduction......Page 104
Epidemiology......Page 253
Anatomy of the cerebral veins and venous sinuses......Page 106
Deep cerebral veins......Page 107
Emissary veins......Page 108
Pathogenesis and mechanisms of injury......Page 109
Clinical Features......Page 110
Suppurative cavernous sinus thrombosis......Page 112
Transverse (lateral) sinus thrombosis......Page 114
Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis......Page 116
Internal jugular vein thrombosis and Lemierre's syndrome......Page 117
Diagnosis......Page 118
Radiological diagnosis......Page 119
Anticoagulation......Page 120
References
......Page 121
Etiology......Page 129
Brain infection......Page 131
Management......Page 132
Prevention......Page 133
Etiology......Page 134
Prevention......Page 135
Dural Puncture......Page 136
Diagnosis......Page 150
Diagnosis......Page 137
References
......Page 138
Lyme borreliosis in North America......Page 191
Etiology and epidemiology......Page 144
Neurological features......Page 147
Neuroimaging of mycotic aneurysm......Page 148
Treatment......Page 149
Neurological features......Page 151
Etiology and epidemiology......Page 152
Diagnosis......Page 153
General clinical features......Page 154
General clinical features......Page 155
References
......Page 156
Mycobacterial infections......Page 160
Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology......Page 161
Clinical Features......Page 162
Diagnosis......Page 163
General laboratory evaluations......Page 164
Cerebrospinal fluid examination......Page 165
Neuroimaging studies......Page 166
Management......Page 168
References
......Page 172
Botulism......Page 179
Pathogenesis and pathophysiology......Page 180
Immunity......Page 181
Cerebrovascular disease......Page 182
Tabetic neurosyphilis......Page 183
Serum nontreponemal antibody tests......Page 185
Cerebrospinal fluid analysis......Page 186
Treponemal CSF antibodies......Page 187
Difficulties in the diagnosis of neurosyphilis......Page 188
Treatment of neurosyphilis......Page 189
Prevention and treatment of neurosyphilis in patients co-infected with HIV......Page 190
Etiology......Page 192
Inflammation......Page 193
Disease......Page 194
Cranial neuropathies......Page 195
Meningitis......Page 196
Encephalopathy......Page 197
Encephalomyelitis......Page 198
Diagnosis of Lyme neuroborreliosis......Page 199
CSF antibody tests......Page 200
Treatment of early Lyme neuroborreliosis......Page 201
Epidemiology and etiology......Page 202
Clinical features......Page 203
Diagnosis......Page 204
Epidemiology and etiology......Page 205
References
......Page 206
Clinical Features......Page 220
Neuroimaging......Page 222
Lumbar puncture......Page 223
Antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy......Page 225
Cardiac surgery......Page 226
References
......Page 227
General features......Page 229
Neurological disease......Page 230
Laboratory investigation......Page 232
Neuropathology......Page 233
References
......Page 234
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)......Page 236
Epidural Empyema......Page 239
Tuberculous Meningitis......Page 242
Cerebritis and Abscess......Page 246
Spinal Epidural Abscess......Page 247
Infections in Neurosurgery Patients......Page 248
Neurological Findings in Infective Endocarditis......Page 249
References
......Page 250
Pathogenesis......Page 254
Clinical manifestations......Page 255
Diagnosis......Page 257
Prevention......Page 258
Epidemiology......Page 259
Clinical manifestations......Page 260
Treatment......Page 261
Prevention......Page 262
References
......Page 263
Subject Index
......Page 269