Atmospheric Aerosol. Source/Air Quality Relationships

Title Page......Page 1
Copyright......Page 2
ACS Symposium Series......Page 3
FOREWORD......Page 4
PdftkEmptyString......Page 0
PREFACE......Page 5
1 New Developments in Receptor Modeling Theory......Page 7
Chemical Element Balances: Maximum Likelihood Method......Page 9
Visual Range-Emission Source Relationships......Page 11
Conditions for Constant γi......Page 13
Chemical Species Balances: Decay Factors for Reactive Species......Page 15
Relating Atmospheric Decay Factors to Laboratory Rate Studies......Page 16
Decay Factors for Ambient PAH......Page 18
Acknowledgements......Page 23
Literature Cited......Page 24
2 The Application of Factor Analysis to Urban Aerosol Source Resolution......Page 26
Statistical Background......Page 27
Principal Components And Common Factor Analysis......Page 31
Target Transformation Factor Analysis......Page 40
Conclusions......Page 48
Literature Cited......Page 51
3 Composition of Source Components Needed for Aerosol Receptor Models......Page 55
Chemical Element Balances......Page 57
Source Measurements Needed......Page 66
Implications for Future Source Measurements......Page 73
Literature Cited......Page 75
4 Review of the Chemical Receptor Model of Aerosol Source Apportionment......Page 79
The Chemical Receptor Model......Page 81
Conservation of Mass......Page 85
The Study and Source Resolution......Page 88
Conclusions......Page 89
References......Page 90
5 The State of the Art of Receptor Models Relating Ambient Suspended Particulate Matter to Sources......Page 92
Types of Receptor Models......Page 94
Receptor Model Input Data......Page 100
Furthering the State-of-the-Art......Page 105
Acknowledgements......Page 106
Literature Cited......Page 107
6 Air Particulate Control Strategy Development A New Approach Using Chemical Mass Balance Methods......Page 110
Data Base Improvement Programs......Page 111
Dispersion Model Estimates of Source Impacts......Page 113
Comparison of CMB and Dispersion Model Impact Estimates......Page 115
Model and Emission Inventory Improvements......Page 116
Control Strategy Effectiveness......Page 120
Control Strategy Tracking Using CMB Methods......Page 123
Conclusions......Page 125
Literature Cited......Page 126
7 Chemical Species Contributions to Light Scattering by Aerosols at a Remote Arid Site Comparison of Statistical and Theoretical Results......Page 127
Aerosol Measurement and Sample Collection......Page 130
Sample Analysis......Page 131
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS......Page 133
Aerosol Composition......Page 137
Elemental Size Distributions......Page 143
Statistical Estimation of Species Mass Scattering Efficiencies......Page 146
Fine Aerosol Scattering Coefficient Balances: Comparison of Statistical and Theoretical Results......Page 150
A Light Extinction Budget for China Lake......Page 152
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 154
Literature Cited......Page 156
8 Aerosols from a Laboratory Pulverized Coal Combustor......Page 159
Experimental Laboratory Coal Combustor......Page 161
Results......Page 167
Discussion and Conclusions......Page 171
Literature Cited......Page 173
9 Elemental Composition of Atmospheric Fine Particles Emitted from Coal Burned in a Modern Electric Power Plant Equipped with a Flue-Gas Desulfurization System......Page 175
Experimental Measurements......Page 176
Results and Discussion......Page 180
Conclusions......Page 186
REFERENCES......Page 187
10 Sources and Fates of Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons......Page 189
Literature Cited......Page 198
11 Atmospheric Particulate Organic Matter Multivariate Models for Identifying Sources and Estimating Their Contributions to the Ambient Aerosol......Page 199
Analyses......Page 200
Factor Analysis: Results and Discussion......Page 204
Multiple Regression Source Apportionment Models for Airborne Particulate Organic Matter in New York City......Page 208
Summary and Conclusions......Page 219
Acknowledgements......Page 220
Literature Cited......Page 221
12 An Automated Thermal-Optical Method for the Analysis of Carbonaceous Aerosol......Page 224
Experimental......Page 225
Instrument Validation......Page 229
Acknowledgment......Page 232
Literature Cited......Page 233
13 Wintertime Carbonaceous Aerosols in Los Angeles An Exploration of the Role of Elemental Carbon......Page 235
Experimental Design......Page 236
Wintertime Carbonaceous Aerosols in Los Angeles......Page 239
Estimation of an Historical Data Base for Elemental Carbon Concentrations......Page 244
Conclusions......Page 247
Literature Cited......Page 248
14 Carbonaceous Urban Aerosol—Primary or Secondary?......Page 251
ACHEX Data......Page 253
Experimental......Page 255
Results......Page 257
Acknowledgements......Page 266
Literature Cited......Page 267
15 Comparisons Between Size-Segregated Resuspended Soil Samples and Ambient Aerosols in the Western United States......Page 269
Experimental Procedures for Ambient Aerosols......Page 270
Ambient Aerosol Results......Page 272
Results of Soil Analysis......Page 277
Summary and Conclusions......Page 281
Literature Cited......Page 284
16 Aerosol Composition in Relation to Air Mass Movements in North China......Page 286
Meteorological Conditions During Aerosol Sampling......Page 287
Experimental Procedures......Page 288
Results......Page 289
Discussion......Page 297
Acknowledgments......Page 299
Literature Cited......Page 300
17 Sources of Airborne Calcium in Rural Central Illinois......Page 301
Procedures......Page 302
Results......Page 306
Discussion......Page 321
Literature Cited......Page 322
18 The Effect of Owens Dry Lake on Air Quality in the Owens Valley with Implications for the Mono Lake Area......Page 324
Particle Sampling and Analysis......Page 325
Study Design......Page 326
Results......Page 328
Hazardous Materials......Page 338
Mono Lake Monitoring......Page 340
Conclusions......Page 342
Literature Cited......Page 343
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Z......Page 356