This new, leading-edge resource provides you with a comprehensive understanding of the systems engineering principles and details needed to implement wireless broadband applications, using ATM interworking methods with emphasis on traffic management and QoS issues. It offers a unique perspective of the impact of the wireless component, and presents a complete engineering-level treatment of all relevant topics. The book focuses on the convergence of data and voice networks, which is accelerating the need to use ATM technology in transport networks. The importance in developing interworking arrangements between other data networking protocols is stressed. You learn how new broadband wireless technologies, such as LMDS, are being deployed between the customer edge and the provider edge networks. Moreover, you see how these new technologies are affecting the issues and complexities arising out of the need to implement QoS requirements and solutions.
Author(s): Muthuthamby Sreetharan Sivananda Subramaniam
Year: 2002
Language: English
Pages: 348
Cover......Page 1
Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 8
Preface......Page 16
Acknowledgments......Page 20
1. Introduction......Page 22
1.1 Need for Broadband and ATM......Page 25
1.2 Current State of Data and Voice Networking......Page 27
1.2.1 Circuit-Switched Networks......Page 28
1.2.2 Packet-Switched Networks......Page 29
1.2.3 Convergence of IP and PSTN Networks......Page 33
1.3 Wireless Segment in Data and Voice Networks......Page 37
1.3.3 Fixed Wireless Networks......Page 38
1.3.4 Broadband Wireless Access Networks......Page 39
1.4 Need for Interworking......Page 42
1.4.1 Interworking Among Transport Data Networks......Page 43
1.4.2 Different Access Protocols......Page 45
1.4.3 Voice Sessions and ATM......Page 46
1.5.1 Impact of Interworking Protocol Characteristics......Page 48
1.5.2 Impact of Wireless Segment......Page 49
2.1 Introduction......Page 52
2.2.1 IP Overview......Page 54
2.2.2 IP Addressing......Page 59
2.2.3 IP Routing......Page 62
2.2.4 Link-Layer Protocols for IP......Page 64
2.3 Introduction to Frame Relay Protocol......Page 65
2.3.1 Frame Relay Protocol Overview......Page 66
2.3.2 Frame Relay PVCs......Page 67
2.3.4 Protocols for Frame Relay......Page 68
2.3.5 Local Management Interface......Page 71
2.3.6 Traffic Management in Frame Relay......Page 72
2.3.7 Frame Relay Standards and Interworking Agreements......Page 73
2.4 ATM......Page 74
2.4.1 ATM Protocol Overview......Page 75
2.4.3 ATM SVC Signaling and Addressing......Page 78
2.4.4 ATM Layered Model......Page 81
2.4.5 ATM Adaptation Layer......Page 83
2.4.6 ATM Service Categories......Page 84
2.4.8 ILMI Protocol......Page 85
2.4.9 Operations and Maintenance Cells......Page 87
2.5 Summary......Page 90
3.1 Internetworking Scenario Overview......Page 94
3.3 Overview of LMDS, MMDS, Point-to-Point, and WLL......Page 98
3.4 Broadband Wireless LMDS Architecture......Page 100
3.4.1 LMDS Base Station......Page 102
3.4.2 LMDS Remote Station......Page 103
3.4.3 RF Subsystem: U.S. and European Frequency Bands......Page 104
3.4.4 RF Subsystem: Modulation Techniques......Page 105
3.4.5 Wireless Access Methods......Page 110
3.5.1 Optical Networking Standards......Page 113
3.5.2 Evolution of Optical Networks......Page 114
4.1 Introduction......Page 118
4.2 Multiprotocol Encapsulation over Frame Relay......Page 119
4.2.2 X.25 over Frame Relay......Page 122
4.2.3 SNA over Frame Relay......Page 126
4.3.1 DLSw......Page 128
4.3.2 IPX Packets over UDP/IP......Page 130
4.4 Physical Media Interfaces to ATM Networks......Page 131
4.4.2 DS1/E1: Frame Relay......Page 133
4.4.3 DS1/E1: Native ATM......Page 134
4.4.4 DS3/E3: Native ATM......Page 135
4.4.5 STS-3c/STS-12: Native ATM......Page 138
4.5 Broadband Services over DSL......Page 139
5.2 Multiprotocol Encapsulation over ATM......Page 148
5.2.1 RFC 1483 LLC Encapsulation......Page 150
5.2.2 RFC 1483 VC-Based Multiplexing......Page 153
5.3 IP Interworking with ATM......Page 154
5.3.1 Classical IP over ATM......Page 155
5.3.2 Next-Hop Resolution Protocol......Page 157
5.3.3 IP Multicast over ATM......Page 159
5.4 LAN Emulation......Page 164
5.5 Multiprotocol over ATM......Page 171
5.6 SS7 over ATM......Page 175
6.1 Introduction......Page 180
6.2 Frame Relay–ATM Interworking......Page 181
6.2.1 Mapping of Frame Relay and ATM Sessions......Page 182
6.2.2 Discard-Eligible Traffic......Page 184
6.2.3 Congestion Indication Bits......Page 186
6.2.4 PVC Status Management Mapping......Page 188
6.2.5 FR/ATM Traffic-Parameter Conversion......Page 189
6.2.6 Examples of Network and Service Interworking......Page 196
6.3.1 AAL5 Sublayer Model......Page 201
6.3.2 Frame Relay Service-Specific Convergence Sublayer......Page 203
6.3.3 AAL5 Common Part Convergence Sublayer......Page 204
6.3.4 AAL5 Segmentation and Reassembly......Page 205
6.3.7 FRF.5 Network Interworking Protocol Stack......Page 206
6.4 FRF.8 Multiprotocol Encapsulation Mapping......Page 209
6.4.1 Bridged PDU Mapping......Page 211
6.4.3 Connection-Oriented Protocol PDU Mapping......Page 213
6.5 FRF.8 ARP Mapping......Page 214
6.5.2 ARP in Frame Relay......Page 215
6.5.4 InARP in Frame Relay......Page 218
6.5.5 ARP Using ATM......Page 219
6.6 Summary......Page 223
7.1 Introduction......Page 226
7.2 Overview of AAL1......Page 228
7.2.1 The Convergence Sublayer......Page 229
7.2.3 Cell Coding: Structured Data Transfer Method......Page 230
7.3 Clock-Recovery Methods......Page 232
7.3.1 Adaptive Clock Recovery......Page 234
7.3.2 SRTS......Page 235
7.4.1 UCES Protocol Stack......Page 237
7.4.3 Implementation Issues for UCES......Page 238
7.5 Interworking for Structured CES......Page 239
7.5.1 SCES Protocol Stack......Page 240
7.5.2 Cell Format for SCES Without CAS......Page 241
7.5.3 Cell Format for SCES with CAS......Page 242
7.5.4 Implementation Issues for SCES......Page 244
7.6 Summary......Page 247
8.1 Introduction......Page 248
8.2 Traffic-Management Overview......Page 249
8.3 Traffic Contract......Page 251
8.3.1 ATM Service Architecture......Page 252
8.3.2 QoS......Page 255
8.3.3 Traffic Descriptors......Page 257
8.4.1 Traffic Policing......Page 261
8.4.2 Traffic Shaping......Page 262
8.4.3 Generic Cell Rate Algorithm......Page 263
8.4.4 Frame Relay Traffic Profiles and Equivalent ATM Cell Flows......Page 270
8.5 QoS Enforcement in IP Networks......Page 278
8.6 Summary......Page 280
9.1 Introduction......Page 282
9.2.2 Forced Traffic Shaping Due to Wireless Protocols......Page 284
9.3.1 A Typical TDM Scheme......Page 285
9.3.2 ATM Cell Clumping and the Required CDVT......Page 286
9.4 Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation in LMDS......Page 290
9.5 LMDS Application Examples......Page 292
9.5.2 ATM Traffic Policing and Impact on LMDS Example......Page 298
9.5.3 ATM Traffic Shaping and Impact on LMDS Example......Page 299
9.5.5 Delay in TDMA-Based LMDS......Page 300
9.5.7 CES Service Interworking Issues with TDMA-Based Wireless......Page 301
10.1 Current Networks and Technology......Page 306
10.2.1 DiffServ Model of QoS in IP Networks......Page 307
10.2.2 MPLS......Page 309
10.2.4 Mobile Networks......Page 312
10.3 Conclusion......Page 314
Acronyms......Page 318
About the Authors......Page 332
Index......Page 334
