The aim of this book is to explain this new technology and its advantages over previous imaging devices and to illustrate how it may be used in to define eye diseases, and in their treatment and facilitate treatment options. This atlas introduces the technical principles of SS-OCT imaging, OCTA stratification algorithm, and blood flow quantization. Through a collection of images and annotation of the microstructures of both the normal fundus and diseased eyes (for example, vitreous related disease, retinal diseased and choroidal disease) captured on SS-OCT to deepen the understanding of this new technology, as well as the interpretation of images.
This atlas serves as a practical guide and is written for retinal specialist and clinicians with an interest in retinal diseases.
Author(s): Youxin Chen, Xianzhao Peng
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 243
City: Singapore
Preface
Contents
About the Editors
1: An Introduction to Swept Source OCT
Introduction to Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography
Characteristics of Swept-Source OCT
Faster Speed
Higher Sensitivity and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)
Deeper Penetration
Deeper Imaging Range
Wider Field of View
Swept-Source OCT Angiography
OCT Angiography Basic Algorithm
Accurate Segmentation Algorithm
Projection Artifact Removal Algorithm (PAR)
Angiography Quantitative Metrics
Identify and Measure the FAZ Zone
Measurement of Retinal Blood Vessel Density and Related Vessel Metrics
Future Development of Swept-Source OCT
Faster
Deeper
Wider
Lower in Cost
More Intelligent
References
2: SS-OCT Image Acquisition and Analysis
Pre-inspection Preparation
Confirmation of Patient Information
Preparation for Image Acquisition
Swept-Source OCT Image
Eye Selection
Scan Mode Selection
Pupil Center Alignment
OCT Alignment
Eye Tracking Mode Selection
OCT Image Acquisition
Preview of Scan Results
Data Analysis
Line Scan Analysis
En Face Image
Thickness Analysis
Blood Flow Analysis
Manual Slab
Scientific Research Function
3: Swept-Source OCT of Normal Eyes
SS-OCT B-Scan of Normal Eyes
En Face SS-OCT of Normal Eyes
A-Scan for Commercial SS-OCT
En Face OCT
Quantitative Analysis of SS-OCT Volumetric Information
SS-OCT Quantitative Analysis of Optic Disc Correlation
SS-OCTA Images of Normal Eyes
Retina
Choroid
References
4: Vitreous-Related Disease
Posterior Vitreous Detachment
Posterior Vitreous Lamellar Fibers (Horizontal)
Centripetal Vitreous Fibers (Vertical)
Vitreous Hemorrhage
Posterior Vitreous Cortex Thickening
Posterior Cortical Vitreous Traction
Posterior Precortical Vitreous Pocket (PPVP)
Vitreous Opacity with Posterior Vitreous Detachment
Vitreomacular Traction Syndrome
Epiretinal Membrane
Clinical Grading System
SS-OCT and SS-OCTA
Macular Hole
Clinical Staging
SS-OCT and SS-OCTA
References
5: Pathologic Myopia
Retinal Lesions
Myopic Tractional Macular Degeneration (MTM)
Macular Hole
Retinal Break
Subretinal Hemorrhage
Outer Retinopathy
Epiretinal Membrane
Peripapillary Retinal Cavitation
Peripapillary Retinoschisis
Retinal Pigment Epithelial Tear
Choroidal and Bruch’s Membrane Lesions
Choroidal Neovascularization
Intrachoroidal Cavitation
Choroidal Atrophy
Uneven Diameter of Choroidal Vessels
Bruch’s Membrane Depression, Fracture
Sclera-Related Lesions
Scleral Depression
Scleral Splitting
Scleral Penetration of Blood Vessels
Optic Nerve-Related Lesions
Optic Disc Pit
Tilted Disc
Deepening of the Optic Cup
Other Lesions
Dome-Shaped Macula
Posterior Staphyloma
Subarachnoid Cavity
References
6: Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Non-neovascular AMD
Neovascular AMD
Serous Pigment Epithelial Detachment (With or Without Neovascularization)
Type 1 CNV
Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy (PCV)
Type 2 CNV (Breaks Through the RPE Layer)
Type 3 CNV (Retinal Angiomatous Proliferation)
References
7: Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
8: Diabetic Retinopathy
Microaneurysm
Exudation
Edema and Fluid
Destruction of Capillary
Intraretinal Microvascular Abnormality
Neovascularization and Hemorrhage
Proliferative Membrane and Traction
Retinal Atrophy
Alterations of OCT and OCTA After Treatment of Laser Photocoagulation and Anti-VEGF Agents
9: Retinal Vein Occlusion
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
Hemi-Retinal Vein Occlusion
Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion
10: Coats’ Disease & Mac Tel 2
Coat’s Disease
Macular Telangiectasia Type 2 (Mac Tel 2)
References
11: Retinal and Choroidal Inflammation
Infectious Uveitis
Retinal Vasculitis
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease
Behçet’s Disease
Punctate Inner Choroidopathy (PIC)
Acute Zonal Occult Outer Retinopathy (AZOOR)
Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome (MEWDS)
Overlapping “White Dot” Syndromes
References
12: Genetic and Developmental Fundus Diseases
Retinitis Pigmentosa
Stargardt Disease
Congenital Retinoschisis
Chorioretinal Coloboma
References
13: Intraocular Tumor
Choroidal Hemangioma
Choroidal Osteoma
Retinal Capillary Hemangioma
Combined Hamartoma of the Retina and Retinal Pigment Epithelium
Choroidal Melanoma
Primary Intraocular Lymphoma
References
14: Miscellaneous
Retinal Arteriolar Macroaneurysm
Congenital Prepapillary Vascular Loop
Macular Cystoid Degeneration
Choroidal Neovascularization Secondary to Traumatic Choroidal Rupture
Idiopathic Choroidal Neovascularization
Ocular Ischemic Syndrome Secondary to Hypereosinophilic Syndrome
Hypertensive Retinopathy
Retinoschisis
References
