Lower extremity skin disorders are often overlooked by clinicians. Ailments such as eczema, psoriasis and tinea at times prove difficult to distinguish clinically, and misdiagnosis can lead to inappropriate therapy. Many practitioners are mystified when confronted with an abnormal appearing nail. Delay in recognizing skin cancer may adversely impact morbidity and mortality. This full-color atlas is a concise guide for medical professionals who deal with the lower extremities and will aid in both diagnosis and treatment. Topics featured in the Atlas include nail pathology, fungal and bacterial infections, xerotic and hyperkeratotic disorders, autoimmune diseases and vasculopathies, benign and malignant lesions, systemic diseases, and ulcerations. Each chapter contains vibrant photographic representative examples. Concluding chapters present a review of biopsy techniques as well as an overview of current dermatological therapies. The Atlas of Lower Extremity Skin Disease is a unique resource for podiatrists, dermatologists, and primary care physicians as well as nurse practitioners and physician assistants.
Author(s): Tracey C. Vlahovic, Stephen M. Schleicher
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 97
City: Cham
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
1: Nail Disorders of the Lower Extremity
1.1 Nail Plate Changes
1.1.1 Beau’s Lines
1.1.2 Onychomadesis
1.1.3 Onychorrhexis
1.1.4 Trachyonychia (Twenty Nail Dystrophy)
1.2 Nail Shape and Size Changes
1.2.1 Anonychia
1.2.2 Koilonychia (Spoon Nails)
1.2.3 Pincer Nails
1.2.4 Clubbing
1.2.5 Onychogryphosis
1.3 Nail Color Changes
1.3.1 Leukonychia
1.3.2 Longitudinal Melanonychia
1.3.3 Green Nails/Chloronychia
1.3.4 Yellow Nail Syndrome
1.4 Nail Plate–Nail Bed Adhesion Issues
1.4.1 Onycholysis
1.4.2 Disappearing Nail Bed
1.5 Unique Toenail Issues
1.5.1 Subungual Hematoma
1.5.2 Ingrown Toenails
1.5.3 Congenital Malalignment of the Great Toenail
1.5.4 Retronychia
1.6 Dermatologic Disease Related Nail Disorders
1.6.1 Nail Psoriasis
1.6.2 Nail Lichen Planus
1.7 Infections of the Nail Unit
1.7.1 Herpes Simplex (Herpetic Whitlow)
1.7.2 Periungual Viral Warts
1.7.3 Onychomycosis
1.8 Tumors of the Nails
1.8.1 Pyogenic Granuloma
1.8.2 Fibroma/Fibrokeratoma
1.8.3 Myxoid Cyst (Mucoid Cyst)
1.8.4 Subungual Exostosis
1.8.5 Nail Matrix Nevi
1.8.6 Bowen’s Disease and Squamous Cell Carcinoma
1.8.7 Subungual Melanoma
References
2: Superficial Fungal Infections of the Lower Extremity
2.1 Interdigital Tinea Pedis
2.2 Moccasin Tinea Pedis
2.3 Vesicular or Vesiculobullous Tinea Pedis
2.4 Tinea Incognito
2.5 Majocchi’s Granuloma
2.6 Tinea Nigra
2.7 Laboratory Tests
2.8 Treatment
References
3: Infections and Infestations of the Lower Extremity
3.1 Bacterial Infections
3.1.1 Abscess
3.1.2 Cellulitis
3.1.3 Erythrasma
3.1.4 Folliculitis
3.1.5 Impetigo
3.1.6 Pitted Keratolysis
3.2 Viral Infections
3.2.1 Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease
3.2.2 Herpes Zoster
3.2.3 Molluscum Contagiosum
3.2.4 Plantar Verruca
3.3 Infestations
3.3.1 Bed Bugs
3.3.2 Fleas
3.3.3 Scabies
3.3.4 Ticks/Lyme Disease
References
4: Xerotic and Hyperkeratotic Disorders of the Lower Extremity
4.1 Xerosis
4.2 Corns and Calluses
4.3 Asteatotic Eczema (Erythema Craquele)
4.4 Keratoderma Climactericum (Haxthausen’s Disease)
4.5 Ichthyosis
4.6 Palmoplantar Keratoderma
4.7 Porokeratosis
4.8 Topical Therapies for Xerotic Conditions
References
5: Papulosquamous Disorders of the Lower Extremity
5.1 Psoriasis
5.2 Lichen Planus
5.3 Lichen Striatus
References
6: Contact, Irritant, Atopic, and Stasis Dermatitis of the Lower Extremity
6.1 Contact and Irritant Dermatitis
6.2 Atopic Dermatitis
6.3 Stasis Dermatitis
References
7: Concerns of the Lower Extremity in Skin of Color
7.1 Pigmentation Disorders and Inflammatory Conditions
7.1.1 Erythema
7.1.2 Post-inflammatory Hyperpigmentation
7.1.3 Post-inflammatory Hypopigmentation
7.1.4 Vitiligo
7.1.5 Melanonychia
7.2 Scars
References
8: Autoimmune Diseases and Vasculopathies of the Lower Extremity
8.1 Chilblains
8.2 COVID Toes
8.3 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
8.4 Systemic Sclerosis
8.5 Vitiligo
References
9: Benign and Malignant Lesions of the Lower Extremity
9.1 Benign Lesions
9.1.1 Acral Nevus
9.1.2 Actinic Keratoses
9.1.3 Angiokeratoma
9.1.4 Dermatofibroma
9.1.5 Lipoma
9.1.6 Neurofibroma
9.1.7 Poroma
9.1.8 Pyogenic Granuloma
9.1.9 Seborrheic Keratosis
9.1.10 Stucco Keratoses
9.2 Malignant Lesions
9.2.1 Basal Cell Carcinoma
9.2.2 Kaposi’s Sarcoma
9.2.3 Keratoacanthoma
9.2.4 Melanoma
9.2.5 Squamous Cell Carcinoma
9.2.6 Mycosis Fungoides (Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma)
References
10: Blistering Eruptions of the Lower Extremity
10.1 Bullous Pemphigoid
10.2 Dermatitis Herpetiformis
10.3 Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita
10.4 Acropustulosis of Infancy
References
11: Self-Induced and Psychogenic Skin Conditions of the Lower Extremity
11.1 Erythema Ab Igne
11.2 Prurigo Nodularis
11.3 Tanorexia
11.4 Delusions of Parasitosis
References
12: Skin Signs of Systemic Disease and Reactive Disorders of the Lower Extremity
12.1 Diabetic Dermopathy
12.2 Erythema Multiforme
12.3 Erythema Nodosum
12.4 Granuloma Annulare
12.5 Idiopathic Guttate Hypomelanosis
12.6 Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis
12.7 Lipodermatosclerosis
12.8 Necrobiosis Lipoidica
12.9 Perforating Folliculitis
12.10 Porokeratosis
12.11 Pretibial Myxedema
References
13: Ulcerations of the Lower Extremity
13.1 Diagnosis
13.1.1 Shape
13.1.2 Base
13.1.3 Peri-wound Skin
13.1.4 Location
13.2 Arterial Ulcers
13.3 Diabetic Ulcers
13.4 Venous Ulcers
13.5 Pyoderma Gangrenosum
13.6 Sickle Cell Ulcer
13.7 Calciphylaxis
13.8 Pressure Ulcers
References
14: Drug Eruptions of the Lower Extremity
14.1 Morbilliform Drug Eruptions
14.2 Fixed Drug Eruption
14.3 Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis
References
15: Biopsy Techniques of the Lower Extremity
15.1 Shave Biopsy
15.2 Punch Biopsy
15.3 Excisional and Incisional Biopsies
15.4 Curettage and Electrodesiccation
15.5 Nail Biopsy
References
16: Dermatologic Therapies of the Lower Extremity: Topical and Systemic
References
Index
