This book comprehensively documents the various types of karst collapse and related conceptual site models, before discussing these collapses in terms of their impacts on engineering and the environment. Featuring over 200 real-world photos to illustrate the variety of karst collapses and their consequences, the book also provides specific methods and techniques to prevent, investigate, monitor and remediate these collapses. Decades of experience with these collapses make it clear that addressing the related hazards requires a multi-disciplinary approach that integrates geomorphology, engineering geology, hydrology, hydrogeology, biology, geophysics, geochemistry, and risk assessment.
Author(s): Mingtang Lei, Wanfang Zhou, Xiaozhen Jiang, Jianling Dai, Meng Yan
Series: Advances in Karst Science
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 160
City: Singapore
Foreword
Contents
1 Karst Collapses and Their Formations
1.1 Definition of Karst Collapses
1.2 Karst Terranes
1.3 Classification of Karst Collapses
1.3.1 Cave Collapses in Karst Country Rock
1.3.2 Cover Collapses and Subsidence in Overburden Soil
1.3.3 Caprock Collapses
References
2 Stormwater Runoff Modifications and Karst Collapses
2.1 Collapses and Roadway Construction
2.1.1 Collapses on Roadways
2.1.2 Collapses in Drainage Ditches
2.1.3 Proactive Approach to Designing and Constructing Highways
2.2 Collapses in Stormwater Retention Basins
2.2.1 Karst Collapse and Remediation in a Retention Basin in Minnesota
2.2.1.1 Occurrence of Sinkholes
2.2.1.2 Formation Mechanism Investigations
2.2.1.3 Remediation of Collapse to Restore Operation of Retention Basin
2.3 Collapses Associated with Leaking Pipes
References
3 Water Impoundments and Karst Collapses
3.1 Collapses at Dams
3.2 Collapses in Reservoirs
3.3 Adaptive Management Approach to Dam and Reservoir Construction in Karst Terranes
3.4 Karst Collapses and Remediation in a Water Impoundment in Tennessee
3.4.1 Chronology of Sinkholes
3.4.2 Identification of Drainage Paths
3.4.3 Recommendation on Sinkhole Remediation and Prevention
3.5 Karst Collapses Due to Water-Level Decline in Dead Sea
References
4 Groundwater-Level Changes and Karst Collapses
4.1 Collapse Mechanisms Caused by Groundwater-Level Changes
4.2 Collapses Caused by Groundwater-Level Change in Datansha Island, Guangzhou, China
4.2.1 Site Geology and Groundwater Condition
4.2.2 Sinkhole History
4.2.3 Thresholds of Groundwater-Level Decline in Triggering Collapses
4.3 Karst Collapses Caused by Dewatering in Mines
4.3.1 Relationship Between Mining and Karst Formation
4.3.2 Sinkholes Induced by Mine Dewatering
4.4 Karst Collapses Caused by Groundwater Rebounding After Mine Closure
4.5 Karst Collapses Caused by Tunneling
4.5.1 Collapse Collapses During Tunneling in Karst Formations
4.5.2 Collapses During Construction of Jinshazhou Tunnel
References
5 Construction and Karst Collapses
5.1 Excavation and Exploration Induced Sinkholes
5.2 Ground Improvements and Foundation Options
5.3 Groundwater Contamination Caused by Disposal of Hazardous Wastes into a Sinkhole
5.3.1 Waste Disposal in the Sinkhole
5.3.2 Implications of a Dye Tracer Study
References
6 Extreme Weather Conditions and Karst Collapses
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Collapses Due to a Record Precipitation Event in Laibin, Guangxi, China
6.3 Collapses Due to an Extreme Precipitation Event in Maohe, Guangxi, China
References
7 Karst Collapse Investigations
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Preliminary Investigation
7.2.1 Desktop Study
7.2.2 Karst Inventory
7.2.3 Results of Preliminary Investigation
7.2.3.1 Weights of Evidence Vulnerability Analysis of Sinkhole Risk
7.3 Comprehensive Site Characterization During Planning, Design, and Construction Phases
7.3.1 Geophysical Surveys
7.3.2 Drilling Exploration
7.3.3 Trenching Exploration
7.3.4 Tracer Test
7.3.5 Geotechnical and Seepage Erosion Tests
7.3.6 Physical Model Simulations
7.4 Report of Karst Collapse Investigation
References
8 Karst Collapse Monitoring
8.1 Monitoring Parameters
8.2 Classification of Monitoring Levels and Monitoring Efforts
8.3 Level of Monitoring Effort
8.4 Monitoring Techniques of Karst Collapse
8.4.1 Monitoring of Hydrodynamic Condition Affecting Karst Collapses
8.4.1.1 Monitoring of Groundwater and Gas Pressures
8.4.1.2 Monitoring of Precipitation
8.4.1.3 In-Situ Monitoring of Water Quality
8.4.2 Monitoring of Internal Soil Deformation
8.4.2.1 BTM Monitoring
8.4.2.2 Microseismic Array
8.4.2.3 Turbidity Monitoring
8.4.2.4 GPR Monitoring
8.4.2.5 TDR Monitoring
8.4.2.6 BOTDR Monitoring
8.4.3 Ground Deformation Monitoring
8.4.3.1 Site Inspection and Visual Observation
8.4.3.2 Horizontal In-Place Inclinometers (HIPI)
8.4.3.3 Surveillance Camera System
8.4.3.4 GPS Monitoring
8.5 Monitoring Plan
8.5.1 Monitoring Location
8.5.2 Monitoring Activities
8.5.3 Data Compilation and Plots
8.5.3.1 Analysis of Hydrodynamic Condition Monitoring Data
8.5.3.2 Analysis of Internal Erosion Monitoring Data
8.5.3.3 Analysis of Ground Deformation Monitoring Data
8.6 Procedures of Utilizing Monitoring Data for Karst Collapse Evaluation
8.7 Presentation of Results
References
