Assisted Phytoremediaion covers a wide range of uses of plants for remediation of environmental pollutants. It includes coverage of such techniques as root engineering, transgenic plants, increasing the biomass, use of genetic engineering and genome editing technology for rapid phytoremediation of pollutants. In order to improve the efficiency of plant remediation, genetic engineering plays a vital role in the overexpression of genes or gene clusters, which are responsible for degradation and uptake of pollutants. The book presents state-of-the-art techniques of assisted phytoremediation to better manage soil and water pollution in large amounts.
This book is a valuable resource for researchers, students, and engineers in environmental science and bioengineering, with case studies and state-of-the-art research from eminent global scientists. This book serves as an excellent basis from which scientific knowledge can grow and widen in the field of environmental remediation.
Author(s): Vimal Chandra Pandey
Publisher: Elsevier
Year: 2021
Language: English
Pages: 443
City: Amsterdam
Front cover
Half title
Full title
Copyright
Contents
Contributors
About the Editor
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
1 - Understanding assisted phytoremediation: Potential tools to enhance plant performance
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Assisted phytoremediation
1.2.1 Transgenic plant mediated phytoremediation
1.2.2 Phytobial remediation by bacteria and fungi
1.2.3 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-assisted phytoremediation
1.2.4 Bioremediation with PGPR, humic substances, and enzyme combination
1.2.5 Biochar assisted phytoremediation
1.2.6 Compost-assisted phytoremediation
1.2.7 Phosphate-assisted phytoremediation
1.2.8 Chelate assisted phytoremediation
1.2.9 Biosurfactant assisted phytoremediation
1.2.10 Nanoparticle assisted phytoremediation
1.2.11 CRISPR-assisted strategies for futuristic phytoremediation
1.2.12 Electrokinetic assisted phytoremediation
1.3 Potential possibilities of application of assisted phytoremediation for utilizing polluted sites using economically va ...
1.4 Conclusion
References
2 - Plant-assisted bioremediation: Soil recovery and energy from biomass
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Soil amendments for enhancing phyto-assisted bioremediation efficiency
2.2.1 Biochar
2.2.2 Compost
2.3 Root exudates: Key compounds in driving plant-microbial interactions
2.3.1 Role of root exudates
2.3.2 Chemical assessment of root exudates
2.3.3 Future perspectives in root exudate investigation
2.4 Investigation of soil microbial community structure and functioning in PABR experiments
2.5 Energy from phyto-assisted bioremediation biomass
2.5.1 Biomass conversion end energy valorisation
2.5.2 Phyto-assisted bioremediation coherence with circular economy
2.6 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
3 - Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-assisted phytoremediation: Concepts, challenges, and future perspectives
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi diversity in contaminated soils
3.3 Mechanisms involved in mycorrhizal plant tolerance to soil pollutants
3.4 AMF-assisted phytoremediation of polluted soils
3.5 Phytoextraction and phytostabilization
3.6 Mechanisms involved in soil phytoremediation by mycorrhizal plants
3.7 Contribution of mycorrhizal inoculation in polluted soil functionalization and in plant biomass valorization
3.8 Challenges and future perspectives
Acknowledgments
References
4 - Biochar assisted phytoremediation for metal(loid) contaminated soils
4.1 Introduction
4.2 What is biochar?
4.3 What are the properties of biochar?
4.4 The effects of biochar application on soil and soil pore water properties
4.4.1 Soil pH
4.4.2 Soil electrical conductivity
4.4.3 Soil organic carbon and organic matter contents
4.4.4 Soil water holding capacity
4.4.5 Soil cation exchange capacity
4.4.6 Soil nutrients
4.4.7 Other soil properties
4.5 The effect of biochar on metals and metalloids
4.6 The effect of biochar on the soil microbial community
4.7 The effects of biochar on plants
4.8 The importance of biochar dose
4.9 Improving biochar effects: functionalization and combination with other amendments
4.10 Conclusions and perspectives
References
5 - Chelate-assisted phytoremediation
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Chelating agents
5.2.1 Synthetic/persistent aminopolycarboxylic acids
5.2.2 Natural/biodegradable aminopolycarboxylic acids
5.2.3 Natural low molecular weight organic acids
5.3 The principle of chelate-assisted phytoremediation
5.4 Metal mobilization in soil
5.5 Interfering ions
5.6 Chelant degradability in soil
5.7 Chelate uptake by plants
5.8 Effects of chelates on the plant
5.9 Examples of chelate-enhanced phytoremediation studies
5.10 Advantages and drawbacks of chelate-assisted phytoremediation
References
6 - Nanoparticles-assisted phytoremediation: Advances and applications
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Methods used in phytoremediation
6.3 Types of nanoparticles
6.3.1 Organic nanoparticles
6.3.2 Inorganic nanoparticles
6.3.3 Carbon-based nanoparticles
6.4 Synthesis of nanoparticles
6.4.1 Co-precipitation method
6.4.2 Hydrothermal or solvothermal method
6.4.3 Sol-gel method
6.4.4 Microemulsion method
6.4.5 Ultrasound method
6.4.6 Microwave-assisted method
6.4.7 Biomimetic method
6.5 Applications of nanoparticles in phytoremediation
6.6 Future perspectives in the utilization of nanoparticle-mediated phytoremediation
6.7 Conclusion
References
7 - Transgenic plant-mediated phytoremediation: Applications, challenges, and prospects
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Pros and cons of phytoremediation using genetically engineered plants
7.3 Transgenic plants mediated phytoremediation
7.4 Application of transgenic plants mediated phytoremediation of polluted environments
7.5 Application of advanced omic technologies in enhancing phytoremediation
7.5.1 Engineering metal transporters for improved efficiency in phytoextraction
7.5.2 Engineering metal-binding ligands for enhanced phytoremediation
7.5.3 Overexpression of cytochrome P450 enzymes for enhanced phytoremediation
7.6 Nanoparticle-mediated plant transformation
7.7 Safety issues in the use of transgenic plants for phytoremediation
7.8 Future prospects of genetically modified plants in phytoremediation
References
8 - CRISPR-assisted strategies for futuristic phytoremediation
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Basic of CRISPR biology
8.3 Molecular mechanism of the CRISPR-Cas9 system
8.4 Phytoremediation for removal of pollutants
8.5 Phytoremediation by enriching microbes-plant interaction
8.6 Phytoremediation using engineered plant
8.6.1 Phytochelatins
8.6.2 Proteins
8.6.3 Transporters
8.7 Biofortification and phytoremediation
8.8 CRISPR-Cas9 system for genome editing towards bioremediation
8.9 CRISPR-Cas9 technology and climate resilient phytoremediation
8.10 Conclusion and future remarks
Acknowledgement
References
9 - Approaches for assisted phytoremediation of arsenic contaminated sites
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Methods of phytoremediation
9.2.1 Phytoextraction
9.2.2 Phytostabilization
9.2.3 Phytovolatilization
9.3 Assisted phytoremediation
9.3.1 Chemical-assisted phytoremediation
9.3.2 Microbe-assisted phytoremediation
9.3.2.1 Types of microorganisms
9.3.2.1.1 Bacteria
9.3.2.1.2 Fungi
9.3.2.1.3 Algae
9.3.3 Genetic engineering-assisted phytoremediation
9.3.3.1 Transporters involved in arsenic uptake and translocation
9.3.3.2 Proteins and enzymes involved in arsenic transformation and glutathione and phytochelatin metabolism
9.3.3.3 Regulatory proteins
9.4 Conclusions and future perspectives
References
10 - Compost-assisted phytoremediation
10.1 Introduction
10.2 What is compost?
10.3 Compost quality evaluation
10.4 Types of compost
10.5 Impact of compost application on soil systems
10.6 Impact of compost on metal(loids) mobility in soil/plant systems
10.7 Impact of composts on soil microbial activity
10.8 Impact of compost on plants
10.9 Augmenting compost impact by mixing with other amendments
10.10 Conclusions and future prospects
References
11 - Bioremediation of contaminated soil with plant growth rhizobium bacteria
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Bioremediation
11.3 Importance of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in bioremediaiton and phytoremediation
11.4 Mechanisms involved in bioremediation by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria
11.5 The functions of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in phytoremediation
11.6 Conclusions and future outlooks
References
12 - Phytobial remediation by bacteria and fungi
12.1 Introduction to phytobial remediation by bacteria and fungi
12.2 Phytobial remediation by plant growth-promoting bacteria
12.3 Phytobial remediation by mycorrhizal fungi
12.4 Enzymatic degradation of organic compounds
12.5 Integrated phytobial remediation for functional cleanup environment
12.5.1 Phytobial remediation toward metal(loid)s removal from contaminated sites
12.5.2 Phytobial remediation toward radionuclides removal from contaminated sites
12.5.3 Phytobial remediation toward chlorinated compounds removal from contaminated sites
12.5.3.1 Plant/bacterium/fungi system in remediation of chlorinated solvents
12.5.3.2 Plant/bacterium/fungi system in remediation of organochlorine pesticides
12.5.3.3 Plant/bacterium/fungi system in remediation of polychlorinated biphenyls
12.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
13 - Recent developments in phosphate-assisted phytoremediation of potentially toxic metal(loid)s-contaminated soils
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Phytoremediation
13.2.1 Functions of plants in different phytoremediation approaches
13.2.1.1 Phytoextraction
13.2.1.2 Phytodegradation or phytotransformation
13.2.1.3 Photovolatilization
13.2.1.4 Phytostabilization
13.2.1.5 Phytodesalination
13.2.2 Advantages of phytoremediation
13.2.3 Limitation/challenges of phytoremediation
13.3 Phosphate-assisted phytoremediation
13.4 Phosphorus dynamics in soil as an assisted phytoremediation agent
13.5 Role of the microbial community in phosphate-assisted phytoremediation
13.5.1 Microbial-mediated phosphate solubilization
13.5.2 Microbe-mediated phosphate solubilization mechanism
13.5.2.1 Direct effects
13.5.2.2 Indirect effects
13.6 Phosphate effects on plant growth and potentially toxic metal(loid)s detoxification
13.7 Advantages and limitation of phosphate-assisted phytoremediation
13.8 Conclusions and future outlooks
Acknowledgements
Abbreviations
References
14 - Electrokinetic-assisted Phytoremediation
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Fundamentals of electrokinetic-assisted phytoremediation
14.2.1 Electrochemical reactions in EK-phytoremediation
14.2.2 Electrochemical fluxes in EK-phytoremediation
14.3 Practical aspects of EK-phytoremediation
14.3.1 Electric field type and application mode
14.3.2 Electrode material
14.3.3 Electrode configuration
14.4 Effects of EK-phytoremediation on soil properties and microbiota
14.5 Effects of the electric current application on plant growth
14.6 EK-Phytoremediation of Metal-Polluted Soils
14.7 EK-Phytoremediation of Organic Pollutants
14.8 Learned lessons and future challenges
Acknowledgements
References
15 - Biosurfactant-assisted phytoremediation for a sustainable future
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Soil inorganic and organic pollutants—source and concern
15.3 Biosurfactants—the 21st century’s multifunctional biomolecules
15.3.1 Biosurfactants producing microorganisms
15.3.2 Classification of biosurfactants and their properties
15.4 Biosurfactants-assisted phytoremediation
15.4.1 Inorganic pollutants
15.4.2 Organic pollutants
15.5 Significance of Biosurfactant in Phytoremediation
15.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Index
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