Assessing Headache Triggers A Practical Guide for Applied Research and Clinical Management

Cover
Mini Title
Assessing HeadacheTriggersA Practical Guide for Applied Researchand Clinical Management
Copyright
Preface
Contents
Part I: Overview and Introduction
1: Brief Introduction to Primary Headaches and Overview of the Book
Overview of Headache
Primary Headaches
Migraine
Tension-Type Headache
Cluster Headache
Measurement Context
Triggers Versus Prodromal Factors
Definitions Used in the Book
Overview of the Book
References
2: Introduction to Triggers and Causes
Definition of Triggers
Triggers as an Exposure to a Variable
Causality and Triggers
Current State of the Field
References
Part II: Elements of Headache Triggers
3: Existing Schools of Thought on Triggers
Theory as the Context of Measurement
Paths to Considering Headache Triggers
Historical Views
Psychodynamic Views
Harold Wolff and the Modern Era
Biopsychosocial Views
Atheoretical Views
Hormonal Views
Oxidative Stress Theory
Parasympathetic Pathways
Surprisal
Summary: Headache Trigger Theories and Implications for Measurement
References
4: Trigger Beliefs and Perceptions
Why Are Headache Trigger Beliefs Important?
State of Trigger Belief Assessment
Functions of Trigger Beliefs and Perceptions
Research on Beliefs and Perceptions
Laboratory Assessment
Diagramming Triggers
Learning About Triggers
Headache Trigger Beliefs as a Target of Measurement
References
Part III: Assessment of Headache Triggers
5: Measurement of Triggers
Introduction to Measurement in Headache
Measurement Theory
Classical Test Theory
Reliability
Test-Retest Reliability
Internal Consistency
Inter-Rater Reliability
Validity
Traditional Views
Content
Criterion
Construct
Modern Views
Advanced Measurement Topics
Item Response Theory
Information Theory
Consequences of Poor Measurement
Unknown Reliability and Validity
Poor Reliability
Two Unreliably Measured Variables
Headache Trigger Measurement Summary
References
6: Study Design and Measurement Methods for Data Collection
Introduction to Types of Designs and Methods
Observational Designs
Cross-Sectional Designs
Longitudinal or Repeated Measures
Within-Person or N-of-1 Studies
Case-Control
Cohort
Experimental Designs
Preexperimental
True Experimental
Quasi-experimental
Strategies for Successful Application of Study Designs and Methods
Use the Design as Intended
Keep Conclusions Appropriate for the Design
Consider the Consequences of Unmeasured Confounders
Consider the Consequences of Nonrandom Selection
Address Missing Data and Biased Data Selection
Consider the Consequences of Weak Internal Validity in Experimental Designs
Consider the Consequences of Weak External Validity in Experimental Designs
Avoid Biases
Summary
References
7: Statistical Aspects of Trigger Assessment
Introduction to Statistics in Trigger Assessment
Covariance Assessment
Time Series Analysis
Linear Mixed Effects Models
Missing Data
Measurement Error Model
Concluding Remarks
References
Part IV: Applications of Headache Trigger Measurement and Research
8: Goals and Applications of Trigger Assessment in Clinical Practice and Research
Introduction
To Facilitate Individual Causal Models
To Facilitate Rapport and Trust
To Increase Perception of Control
To Understand and Address Consequences of Causal Models
To Understand Avoidance Patterns
To Create Experimental Conditions
To Target Treatment
To Advance Research on Triggers
To Inform Other Areas of Headache Research
To Give Credibility to Research
Concluding Remarks
References
9: Future Directions and Evolving Theories
Introduction
Scaling of Triggers
Evolving Pathophysiology
Forecasting of Attacks
Causal Modeling
Improving Biomarkers and Wearable Devices
Summary
References
Index