Prepared by the Seismic Retrofit of Existing Buildings Standards Committee of the Codes and Standards Activities Division of the Structural Engineering Institute of ASCE.Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Existing Buildings, Standard ASCE/SEI 41-17, describes deficiency-based and systematic procedures that use performance-based principles to evaluate and retrofit existing buildings to withstand the effects of earthquakes. The standard presents a three-tiered process for seismic evaluation according to a range of building performance levels by connecting targeted structural performance and the performance of nonstructural components with seismic hazard levels. The deficiency-based procedures allow evaluation and retrofit efforts to focus on specific potential deficiencies deemed to be of concern for a specified set of building types and heights. The systematic procedure, applicable to any building, sets forth a methodology to evaluate the entire building in a rigorous manner.This standard establishes analysis procedures and acceptance criteria, and specifies requirements for foundations and geologic site hazards; components made of steel, concrete, masonry, wood, and cold-formed steel; architectural, mechanical, and electrical components and systems; and seismic isolation and energy dissipation systems. Checklists are provided for a variety of building types and seismicity levels in support of the Tier 1 screening process. This new edition, which updates and replaces previous editions of ASCE 41, introduces revisions to the basic performance objectives for existing buildings and to the evaluation of force-controlled actions. It revises the nonlinear dynamic procedure and changes provisions for steel and concrete columns, as well provisions as for unreinforced masonry. Standard ASCE/SEI 41-17 is a primary reference for structural engineers addressing the seismic resilience of existing buildings and for building code officials reviewing such work; it also will be of interest to architects, construction managers, academic researchers, and building owners.
Author(s): American Society of Civil Engineers
Series: Standard, 41-17
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers
Year: 2017
Language: English
Pages: 623
TIPS FOR USING THIS STANDARD......Page 6
ASCE STANDARDS......Page 4
FOREWORD......Page 40
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 42
UNIT CONVERSIONS......Page 46
1.2.1 Definitions......Page 48
1.2.2.1 Upper Case Notations......Page 54
1.2.2.2 Lower-case Notations......Page 61
1.2.2.3 Greek Notations......Page 63
1.4.5 Evaluation Report.......Page 66
1.5.10.2 Construction Quality Assurance Requirements......Page 67
1.5.10.3 Responsibilities of the Authority Having Jurisdiction.......Page 68
2.3.1 Structural Performance Levels and Ranges......Page 70
2.3.1.4 Reduced Safety Structural Performance Range (S-4)......Page 71
2.3.3.2 Immediate Occupancy Building Performance Level (1-B)......Page 72
2.4.1.6 Adjustment for Site Class......Page 73
2.5 Level of Seismicity......Page 74
3.2.5.1 Building Pounding......Page 76
3.4 Evaluation and Retrofit Procedures......Page 81
3.4.1.1 Buildings Conforming to One of the Common Building Types......Page 83
3.4.4.2 Retrofit Requirements......Page 85
4.3 Selection and Use of Checklists......Page 88
4.4.2.2 Story Shear Forces......Page 91
4.4.2.4 Period......Page 92
4.4.3.1 Story Drift for Moment Frames......Page 93
4.4.3.6 Column Axial Stress Caused by Overturning......Page 94
4.4.3.9 Flexural Stress in Columns and Beams of Steel Moment Frames......Page 95
5.2.4 Tier 2 Analysis Methods......Page 96
5.4.3.2 Foundation Performance......Page 99
5.5.2.3 Procedures for Concrete Moment Frames......Page 100
5.5.3.3 Procedures for Precast Concrete Shear Walls.......Page 101
5.5.4.4 Connection Strength......Page 102
5.6.4 Procedures for Precast Concrete Diaphragms......Page 103
5.8 Tier 2 Deficiency-Based Retrofit Requirements......Page 104
6.2.3 Comprehensive Data Collection Requirements......Page 106
6.2.4.4 Assumed Values of the Knowledge Factor......Page 107
6.4 Tier 3 Retrofit Requirements......Page 108
7.2.3.2 Torsion......Page 110
7.2.3.6 Damping......Page 111
7.2.7 Soil-Structure Interaction......Page 112
7.2.9.1 Classification of Diaphragms......Page 113
7.2.11.1 Out-of-Plane Wall Anchorage to Diaphragms......Page 114
7.2.13.1 Minimum Separation......Page 115
7.3.1.1 Method to Determine Limitations on Use of Linear Procedures.......Page 116
7.3.3 Alternative Rational Analysis......Page 117
7.4.1.3 Determination of Forces and Deformations for LSP......Page 118
7.4.3.2 Modeling and Analysis Considerations for NSP......Page 120
7.4.3.3 Determination of Forces, Displacements, and Deformations for NSP......Page 121
7.5.1.1 Primary and Secondary Components......Page 123
7.5.1.3 Expected and Lower-Bound Strengths......Page 124
7.5.2.1 Forces and Deformations......Page 125
7.5.3.2 Acceptance Criteria for Nonlinear Procedures......Page 126
7.6.3 Analysis Parameters and Acceptance Criteria for Subassemblies Based on Experimental Data......Page 127
8.2.2.1 Fault Rupture......Page 130
8.2.2.2 Liquefaction......Page 131
8.4 Foundation Strength and Stiffness......Page 132
8.4.2.2 Soil Shear Modulus and Poisson’s Ratio Parameters......Page 133
8.4.2.3 Shallow Footings Considered Rigid (Method 1)......Page 134
8.4.2.4 Shallow Footings Considered Rigid (Method 2)......Page 136
8.4.2.5 Shallow Foundations Not Rigid Relative to the Soil (Method 3)......Page 138
8.4.3 Pile Foundations......Page 139
8.4.5.1 Linear Procedures......Page 140
8.5.1.2 Embedment......Page 141
8.5.2.1 Radiation Damping for Rectangular Foundations......Page 142
8.6 Seismic Earth Pressure......Page 143
8.7 Foundation Retrofit......Page 144
9.2.2.1 Material Properties......Page 146
9.2.2.3 Test Methods to Quantify Properties......Page 147
9.2.2.4 Minimum Number of Tests......Page 148
9.2.3.2 Scope and Procedures......Page 150
9.3.2.2 Deformation-Controlled Actions......Page 152
9.4.2.1 General......Page 153
9.4.2.2 Stiffness of FR Moment Frames......Page 154
9.4.2.3 Strength of FR Moment Frames......Page 156
9.4.2.4 Acceptance Criteria for FR Moment Frames......Page 157
9.4.2.5 Retrofit Measures for FR Moment Frames......Page 168
9.4.3.3 Strength of PR Moment Frames......Page 169
9.5.1 General......Page 171
9.5.2.4 Acceptance Criteria for Concentrically Braced Frames......Page 172
9.5.3.3 Strength of Eccentrically Braced Frames......Page 173
9.5.4.3 Strength of Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames......Page 174
9.5.5.3 Strength of Steel Plate Shear Walls......Page 175
9.7.3.1 Wood Structural Panels......Page 176
9.7.3.2 Steel Sheet Sheathing......Page 178
9.8.1 General......Page 179
9.8.3.1 Generic Cold-Formed Steel Moment Connection......Page 180
9.8.3.2 Cold-Formed Steel Special Bolted Moment Frame......Page 181
9.10.1.2 Stiffness of Bare Metal Deck Diaphragms......Page 182
9.10.3.1 General......Page 183
9.10.4.5 Retrofit Measures for Steel Truss Diaphragms......Page 184
9.11.2 Stiffness of Steel Pile Foundations......Page 185
9.12.3 Strength and Acceptance Criteria for Cast and Wrought Iron......Page 186
10.2.2.3 Test Methods to Quantify Material Properties......Page 188
10.2.2.4 Minimum Number of Tests......Page 189
10.2.2.5 Default Properties......Page 190
10.2.3.2 Scope and Procedures......Page 191
10.3.1.2 Stiffness......Page 193
10.3.2.1 General......Page 194
10.3.3 Flexure and Axial Loads......Page 195
10.3.5 Development and Splices of Reinforcement......Page 196
10.3.7 Retrofit Measures......Page 199
10.4.2.2 Stiffness of Reinforced Concrete Beam-Column Moment Frames......Page 200
10.4.2.3 Strength of Reinforced Concrete Beam-Column Moment Frames......Page 201
10.4.2.4 Acceptance Criteria for Reinforced Concrete Beam-Column Moment Frames......Page 203
10.4.3.1 General......Page 206
10.4.3.3 Strength of Post-tensioned Concrete Beam-Column Moment Frames.......Page 207
10.4.4.4 Acceptance Criteria for Slab-Column Moment Frames......Page 208
10.4.4.5 Retrofit Measures for Slab-Column Moment Frames......Page 210
10.6.1.1 Types of Frames......Page 211
10.6.2.4 Acceptance Criteria for Concrete Frames with Masonry Infills......Page 212
10.7.1.3 Reinforced Concrete Coupling Beams......Page 214
10.7.2.3 Strength of Reinforced Concrete Structural Walls, Wall Segments, and Coupling Beams......Page 215
10.7.2.4 Acceptance Criteria for Reinforced Concrete Structural Walls, Wall Segments, and Coupling Beams......Page 217
10.8.2.1 General......Page 219
10.8.2.4 Acceptance Criteria for Precast Concrete Structural Walls and Wall Segments......Page 220
10.9.5.1 Linear Static and Dynamic Procedure......Page 221
10.11.3 Retrofit Measures for Precast Concrete Diaphragms......Page 222
10.12.4 Retrofit Measures for Concrete Foundations......Page 223
11.2.2.1 Visual Condition Assessment......Page 224
11.2.3.4 Masonry Elastic Modulus in Compression......Page 225
11.2.3.6 Unreinforced Masonry Shear Strength......Page 226
11.2.3.10 Default Properties......Page 227
11.3.1.2 New Masonry Walls......Page 228
11.3.2.2 Strength of URM Walls Subject to In-Plane Actions......Page 229
11.3.2.3 Acceptance Criteria for URM In-Plane Actions......Page 231
11.3.3.3 Acceptance Criteria for URM Walls Subject to Out-of-Plane Actions......Page 234
11.3.5.2 Strength-Reinforced Masonry Wall Out-of-Plane Actions......Page 235
11.4 Masonry Infills......Page 236
11.4.1.1 Existing Masonry Infills......Page 237
11.4.2.3 Strength-Infilled Reinforced Concrete Frames In-Plane Actions......Page 238
11.4.2.5 Drift-Infill Wall In-Plane Actions......Page 240
11.4.2.7 Acceptance Criteria for Infill Wall In-Plane Actions.......Page 241
11.4.3.2 Strength-Infill Wall Out-of-Plane Actions......Page 242
11.5.3 Quality Assurance for Anchors in Masonry Walls......Page 243
11.6.3 Foundation Retrofit Measures......Page 244
12.2.2.2 Component Properties......Page 246
12.2.2.5 Default Properties......Page 247
12.2.3.2 Scope and Procedures for Condition Assessment......Page 248
12.3.2.3 Force-Controlled Actions......Page 249
12.4.2.1 Existing Wood Frame Shear Walls......Page 250
12.4.3.3 Vertical Wood Siding Shear Walls......Page 251
12.4.3.6 Wood Structural Panel Sheathing or Siding Shear Walls......Page 253
12.4.3.8 Gypsum Plaster on Wood Lath Shear Walls......Page 255
12.4.3.13 Horizontal Lumber Sheathing with Cut-In Braces or Diagonal Blocking Shear Walls......Page 256
12.5.3.1 Single Straight Sheathing Diaphragms......Page 257
12.5.3.6 Wood Structural Panel Sheathing Diaphragm......Page 258
12.5.3.8 Wood Structural Panel Overlays on Existing Wood Structural Panel Sheathing Diaphragms......Page 259
12.7.1.3 Acceptance Criteria for Other Wood Elements and Components......Page 260
13.2.1 Data Collection and Condition Assessment......Page 262
13.4.3.1 Horizontal Seismic Forces.......Page 265
13.4.6 Testing Requirements for Evaluating the Performance of Existing Attachments for Nonstructural Components.......Page 266
13.4.6.2 Components Evaluated to the Position Retention or Life Safety Performance Level......Page 267
13.6.1.1 Adhered Veneer......Page 268
13.6.1.3 Glass Block Units and Other Nonstructural Masonry......Page 269
13.6.1.5 Glazed Exterior Wall Systems......Page 270
13.6.2.3 Acceptance Criteria......Page 271
13.6.4.3 Acceptance Criteria......Page 272
13.6.7.3 Acceptance Criteria......Page 273
13.6.9.3 Acceptance Criteria......Page 274
13.7.1.3 Acceptance Criteria......Page 275
13.7.3.3 Acceptance Criteria......Page 276
13.7.5.3 Acceptance Criteria......Page 277
13.7.7.3 Acceptance Criteria......Page 278
13.7.9.3 Acceptance Criteria......Page 279
13.7.11.4 Evaluation Requirements......Page 280
13.8.3.2 Component Behavior and Retrofit Methods......Page 281
13.8.4.4 Evaluation Requirements......Page 282
14.2.3.5 Vertical Load Stability......Page 284
14.3.4.2 Testing Variations on Nominal Design Properties......Page 285
14.4.1.2 Isolation System Properties......Page 286
14.5.1.1 Linear Static Procedure......Page 287
14.5.2.3 Minimum Lateral Displacements......Page 288
14.5.2.5 Vertical Distribution of Force......Page 289
14.5.4.2 Target Displacement......Page 290
14.7.2 Qualification Tests......Page 291
14.7.3.6 Isolators Dependent on Bilateral Load......Page 292
14.7.5 Determination of Force-Deflection Characteristics......Page 293
14.8 Design Review......Page 294
15.2.2.4 Performance Objectives and System Redundancy......Page 296
15.5.1 General Requirements......Page 297
15.5.3 Acceleration Histories......Page 298
15.8.1.2 Sequence and Cycles of Testing......Page 299
15.8.1.5 Device Adequacy......Page 300
15.9.1.2 Velocity-Dependent Devices......Page 301
15.9.2.3 Design Actions......Page 302
15.10 Nonlinear Static Procedure......Page 303
15.10.2 Velocity-Dependent Devices......Page 304
16.2.2.1 Layup of Walls......Page 306
16.2.2.2 Testing......Page 307
16.2.3 Analysis......Page 308
16.2.3.2 Diaphragms......Page 309
16.2.3.3 Shear Walls......Page 310
16.2.3.5 New Vertical Elements......Page 311
16.2.4.4 Truss and Beam Supports......Page 312
17.3 Structural Checklists for Building Type W2: Wood Frames, Commercial and Industrial......Page 314
17.5 Structural Checklist For Building Types S2: Steel Braced Frames With Stiff Diaphragms and S2A: Steel Braced Frames With Flexible Diaphragms......Page 322
17.7 Structural Checklists For Building Type S4: Dual Systems With Backup Steel Moment Frames and Stiff Diaphragms......Page 328
17.9 Structural Checklists For Building Type Cfs1: Cold-Formed Steel Light-Frame Bearing Wall Construction, Shear Wall Lateral System......Page 335
17.10 Structural Checklists For Building Type Cfs2: Cold-Formed Steel Light-Frame Bearing Wall Construction, Strap-Braced Lateral Wall System......Page 339
17.11 Structural Checklists For Building Type C1: Concrete Moment Frames......Page 342
17.12 Structural Checklist For Building Types C2: Concrete Shear Walls With Stiff Diaphragms And C2A: Concrete Shear Walls With Flexible Diaphragms......Page 345
17.14 Structural Checklists For Building Types Pc1: Precast Or Tilt-Up Concrete Shear Walls With Flexible Diaphragms And Pc1A: Precast Or Tilt-Up Concrete Shear Walls With Stiff Diaphragms......Page 348
17.15 Structural Checklists For Building Type Pc2: Precast Concrete Frames With Shear Walls......Page 354
17.17 Structural Checklists For Building Types Rm1: Reinforced Masonry Bearing Walls With Flexible Diaphragms And Rm2: Reinforced Masonry Bearing Walls With Stiff Diaphragms......Page 358
17.18 Structural Checklists For Building Types Urm: Unreinforced Masonry Bearing Walls With Flexible Diaphragms And Urma: Unreinforced Masonry Bearing Walls With Stiff Diaphragms......Page 363
17.19 Nonstructural Checklist......Page 365
18.1 Consensus Standards and Other Reference Documents......Page 374
A.2.1.2 Adjacent Buildings......Page 378
A.2.2.1 General......Page 379
A.2.2.3 Soft Story......Page 380
A.2.2.7 Torsion......Page 381
A.2.3 Condition of Materials......Page 382
A.2.3.8 Cracks in Infill Boundary Columns......Page 383
A.2.3.15 Reinforced Masonry Wall Cracks......Page 384
A.3.1.1 General......Page 385
A.3.1.3 Steel Moment Frames......Page 386
A.3.1.4 Concrete Moment Frames......Page 388
A.3.1.6 Frames Not Part of the Seismic-Force-Resisting System.......Page 390
A.3.2.2 Concrete Shear Walls......Page 391
A.3.2.3 Precast Concrete Shear Walls......Page 393
A.3.2.6 Infill Walls in Frames......Page 394
A.3.2.7 Walls in Wood Frame Buildings......Page 395
A.3.2.8 Cold-Formed Steel Light-Frame Construction, Shear Wall Systems......Page 397
A.3.3 Braced Frames......Page 398
A.3.3.1 General......Page 399
A.3.3.2 Concentrically Braced Frames......Page 400
A.4 Procedures for Diaphragms......Page 401
A.4.1 General......Page 402
A.4.1.3 Roof Chord Continuity......Page 403
A.4.1.8 Diaphragm Reinforcement at Openings......Page 404
A.4.2.3 Diagonally Sheathed and Unblocked Diaphragms......Page 405
A.4.7.1 Other Diaphragms......Page 406
A.5.1.4 Stiffness of Wall Anchors......Page 407
A.5.3.1 Steel Columns......Page 408
A.5.3.7 Wood Sill and Cold-Formed Steel Base Track Bolts......Page 409
A.5.5.1 Roof Panels......Page 410
A.6.2.1 Overturning......Page 411
A.7.1.1 Unreinforced Masonry......Page 412
A.7.3.2 Independent Support......Page 413
A.7.4.5 Panel Connections......Page 414
A.7.5.7 Stone Cracks......Page 415
A.7.10.1 Stair Enclosures......Page 416
A.7.12.5 In-Line Equipment......Page 417
A.7.13.4 Fluid and Gas Piping......Page 418
A.7.15.3 Shutoff Valves......Page 419
A.7.16.9 Go-Slow Elevators......Page 420
B.2 Mandatory Mitigation......Page 422
B.2.1 Performance Objectives......Page 423
B.2.4 Example Programs......Page 424
B.3.2 Implementation Issues......Page 425
B.4.1 Performance Objectives......Page 426
B.4.4 Example Programs......Page 427
Appendix C: Summary Data Sheet......Page 430
C1.1 Scope......Page 432
C1.4 Seismic Evaluation Process......Page 434
C1.5 Seismic Retrofit Process......Page 436
C1.5.5 Retrofit Procedures......Page 438
C1.5.6 Retrofit Strategies......Page 439
C1.5.10.3 Responsibilities of the Authority Having Jurisdiction......Page 440
C2.2.1 Basic Performance Objective for Existing Buildings (BPOE)......Page 442
C2.3 Target Building Performance Levels......Page 445
C2.3.1.4 Reduced Safety Structural Performance Range......Page 447
C2.3.2.1 Operational Nonstructural Performance Level (N-A)......Page 453
C2.3.2.4 Hazards Reduced Nonstructural Performance Level (N-D)......Page 456
C2.3.3.3 Life Safety Building Performance Level (3-C)......Page 457
C2.4.1.1 BSE-2N Spectral Response Acceleration Parameters......Page 458
C2.4.3 Ground Motion Acceleration Histories......Page 459
C2.5 Level of Seismicity......Page 460
C3.2.3 Component Properties......Page 462
C3.3 Benchmark Buildings......Page 463
C3.4.1 Limitations on the Use of Tier 1 and Tier 2 Evaluation and Retrofit Procedures......Page 464
C3.4.3.1 Evaluation Requirements......Page 465
C3.4.4.2 Retrofit Requirements......Page 466
C4.3 Selection and USE of Checklists......Page 468
C4.4.3.9 Flexural Stress in Columns and Beams of Steel Moment Frames......Page 469
C5.2.4 Tier 2 Analysis Methods......Page 470
C5.4.2.2 Soft Story Irregularity......Page 471
C5.5.2.3 Procedures for Concrete Moment Frames......Page 472
C5.8 Tier 2 Deficiency-Based Retrofit Requirements......Page 473
C6.3 Tier 3 Evaluation Requirements......Page 474
C6.4 Tier 3 Retrofit Requirements......Page 475
C7.2.3.2 Torsion......Page 476
C7.2.5.1 Concurrent Seismic Effects......Page 477
C7.2.8 Overturning......Page 478
C7.2.11.2 Out-of-Plane Strength of Walls......Page 479
C7.3.2.2 Nonlinear Dynamic Procedure (NDP)......Page 480
C7.4.1.2 Period Determination for LSP......Page 481
C7.4.3.2 Modeling and Analysis Considerations for NSP......Page 482
C7.4.4.1 Basis of the Procedure......Page 483
C7.5.1.1 Primary and Secondary Components......Page 484
C7.5.1.2 Deformation-Controlled and Force-Controlled Actions......Page 485
C7.5.2.1 Forces and Deformations......Page 486
C7.5.3.2 Acceptance Criteria for Nonlinear Procedures......Page 487
C7.6.1 Experimental Setup......Page 488
C7.6.3 Analysis Parameters and Acceptance Criteria for Subassemblies Based on Experimental Data......Page 490
C8.2.2.2 Liquefaction......Page 492
C8.2.2.3 Settlement of Nonliquefiable Soils......Page 494
C8.3 Mitigation of Seismic-Geologic Site Hazards......Page 495
C8.4.2 Load-Deformation Characteristics for Shallow Foundations......Page 496
C8.4.2.3 Shallow Footings Considered Rigid (Method 1)......Page 497
C8.4.3.1 Stiffness Parameters......Page 499
C8.5.2 Foundation Damping Soil-Structure Interaction Effects......Page 500
C8.7 Foundation Retrofit......Page 501
C9.2.1 General......Page 504
C9.2.2.2 Component Properties......Page 505
C9.2.3.1 General......Page 506
C9.3.2.2 Deformation-Controlled Actions......Page 507
C9.4.2.1 General......Page 508
C9.4.2.4 Acceptance Criteria for FR Moment Frames......Page 510
C9.4.2.5 Retrofit Measures for FR Moment Frames......Page 511
C9.5.1 General......Page 512
C9.5.2.3 Strength of Concentrically Braced Frames......Page 513
C9.5.5.5 Retrofit Measures for Steel Plate Shear Walls.......Page 514
C9.7.3 Stiffness, Strength, Acceptance Criteria, and Connection Design for Cold-Formed Steel Light-Frame Construction Shear Wall Systems......Page 515
C9.10.1.4 Acceptance Criteria for Bare Metal Deck Diaphragms......Page 516
C9.10.4.1 General......Page 517
C9.12.1 General......Page 518
C10.2.2.1 Material Properties......Page 520
C10.2.2.4 Minimum Number of Tests......Page 521
C10.2.3.1 General......Page 522
C10.3.2.1 General......Page 523
C10.3.5 Development and Splices of Reinforcement......Page 524
C10.4.2.1 General......Page 525
C10.4.2.2 Stiffness of Reinforced Concrete Beam-Column Moment Frames......Page 526
C10.4.2.3 Strength of Reinforced Concrete Beam-Column Moment Frames......Page 527
C10.4.3.5 Retrofit Measures for Post-tensioned Concrete Beam-Column Moment Frames......Page 528
C10.4.4.3 Strength of Slab-Column Moment Frames......Page 529
C10.6.3.5 Retrofit Measures for Concrete Frames with Concrete Infills......Page 530
C10.7.1.3 Reinforced Concrete Coupling Beams......Page 531
C10.7.2.1 General......Page 532
C10.7.2.2 Stiffness of Reinforced Concrete Structural Walls, Wall Segments, and Coupling Beams......Page 533
C10.8.1.1 Effectively Monolithic Construction.......Page 534
C10.10.3 Retrofit Measures for Cast-in-Place Concrete Diaphragms......Page 535
C10.12.4.1 Retrofit Measures for Shallow Concrete Foundations......Page 536
C10.12.4.2 Retrofit Measures for Deep Foundations......Page 537
C11.2.2 Condition Assessment......Page 538
C11.2.2.2 Comprehensive Condition Assessment......Page 539
C11.2.3.3 Masonry Compressive Strength......Page 540
C11.2.3.10 Default Properties......Page 541
C11.3.1.3 Retrofitted Masonry Walls......Page 542
C11.3.2.1 Stiffness of URM Walls and Wall Piers Subject to In-Plane Actions......Page 543
C11.3.2.2 Strength of URM Walls Subject to In-Plane Actions......Page 545
C11.3.2.3 Acceptance Criteria for URM In-Plane Actions......Page 549
C11.3.3.3 Acceptance Criteria for URM Walls Subject to Out-of-Plane Actions......Page 551
C11.4.2 Masonry Infill In-Plane Actions......Page 552
C11.4.2.3 Strength-Infilled Reinforced Concrete Frames In-Plane Actions......Page 553
C11.4.2.6 Strut Model for Infill In-Plane Actions......Page 554
C11.6.1 Types of Masonry Foundations......Page 555
C11.6.3 Foundation Retrofit Measures......Page 556
C12.2.1 General......Page 558
C12.2.2.4 Minimum Number of Tests......Page 559
C12.2.3.2 Scope and Procedures for Condition Assessment......Page 560
C12.4.1 General......Page 561
C12.4.2.2 Enhanced Wood Frame Shear Walls......Page 562
C12.4.2.3 New Wood Frame Shear Walls......Page 563
C12.5.2.2 Enhanced Wood Diaphragms......Page 565
C12.5.3.7 Wood Structural Panel Overlays on Straight or Diagonal Sheathing Diaphragms......Page 567
C12.7.1.3 Acceptance Criteria for Other Wood Elements and Components......Page 568
C13.2.2 Classification of Acceleration-Sensitive and Deformation-Sensitive Components.......Page 570
C13.4.3.3 Load Combination......Page 571
C13.5 Retrofit Approaches......Page 572
C13.6.1.2 Anchored Veneer......Page 573
C13.6.2.2 Component Behavior and Retrofit Methods.......Page 574
C13.6.8.2 Component Behavior and Retrofit Methods.......Page 575
C13.7.2.4 Evaluation Requirements......Page 576
C13.7.8.2 Component Behavior and Retrofit Methods......Page 577
C13.8.4.1 Definition and Scope......Page 578
C13.8.4.2 Component Behavior and Retrofit Methods......Page 579
C14.2.3.6 Inspection and Replacement......Page 580
C14.3.4.2 Testing Variations on Nominal Design Properties......Page 581
C14.4.1.1 Upper-Bound and Lower-Bound Lateral Force-Deflection Behavior of Isolation System Components.......Page 582
C14.5.2.1 General......Page 583
C14.5.5.3 Accidental Mass Eccentricity......Page 585
C14.6.3 Components Crossing the Isolation Interface......Page 586
C14.7.4 Production Testing......Page 587
C14.8 Design Review......Page 588
C15.2.2.4 Performance Objectives and System Redundancy......Page 590
C15.4.1 General Limitations for the Linear Analysis Procedures......Page 591
C15.8.2 Production Tests......Page 592
C15.10.2 Velocity-Dependent Devices......Page 593
C16.2.1 Scope......Page 594
C16.2.2.2 Testing......Page 595
C17.5 Structural Checklists For Building Types S2: Steel Braced Frames With Stiff Diaphragms and S2A: Steel Braced Frames With Flexible Diaphragms......Page 598
C17.11 Structural Checklists for Building Type C1: Concrete Moment Frames......Page 599
C17.16 Structural Checklists for Building Type PC2A: Precast Concrete Frames Without Shear Walls......Page 600
C17.19 Nonstructural Checklist......Page 601
C18.1 Commentary References......Page 602
Index......Page 616
