Artificial Intelligence in Capsule Endoscopy: A Gamechanger for a Groundbreaking Technique highlights the importance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) application in capsule endoscopy. AI will have a key role in the mid/long-term for gastrointestinal endoscopy and capsule endoscopy. This field is a prime area for the use of AI tools with over 50,000 images per endoscopy capsule video, making video analysis a time and resource consuming task and prone to error. With the application of AI image analysis tools (primarily Convolutional Neural Networks) we can decrease capsule endoscopy video reading time and resources and greatly benefit diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes.
In 15 chapters, this important reference provides a global and comprehensive perspective from the background information of AI, machine learning, deep learning and their implications in GI endoscopy. It showcases AI practical use in lesion detection and in relevant clinical indications (like obscure gastrointestinal bleeding and inflammatory bowel disease), and points to future applications of AI within the field.
Author(s): Miguel Mascarenhas, Helder Cardoso, Guilherme Macedo
Publisher: Academic Press
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 296
City: London
Front Cover
Artificial Intelligence in Capsule Endoscopy
Copyright Page
Contents
List of contributors
Preface
Acknowledgments
1 Artificial intelligence: machine learning, deep learning, and applications in gastrointestinal endoscopy
Definition of artificial intelligence
Machine learning versus deep learning
Machine learning
Deep learning
Examples of artificial intelligence applicability
Online experience
Robotics
Vehicles
Fake news detection and cybersecurity
Artificial intelligence in healthcare as a facilitating technology
Artificial intelligence in medicine
Capsule endoscopy: a brief introduction
References
2 Wireless capsule endoscopy: concept and modalities
Background
Types of capsules
Indications
Suspected small bowel bleeding
Small bowel tumors
Hereditary polyposis syndromes
Celiac disease
Crohn’s disease
Colon examination
Future perspectives
References
3 Capsule endoscopy: wide clinical scope
Body
Indications in capsule endoscopy
Suspected middle digestive hemorrhage: obscure gastrointestinal bleeding
Crohn’s disease
Suspected Crohn’s disease
Extent of Crohn’s disease
Monitoring Crohn’s disease activity
Evaluation of refractory celiac disease
Screening of polyposis syndromes: familial adenomatous polyposis and Peutz–Jeghers syndrome
Familial adenomatous polyposis
Peutz–Jeghers syndrome
Suspected small intestine tumors
Graft versus host disease
Capsule endoscopy clinical scope in pediatrics
Indications
Occult gastrointestinal bleeding
Inflammatory bowel disease
Polyposis syndromes
Other indications
Limitations of endoscopic capsule
Challenges in pediatrics
Swallowing the capsule
Bowel cleansing
Capsule retention
Conclusions
References
4 The role of capsule endoscopy in diagnosis and clinical management of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding
Introduction
Suspected small bowel bleeding
Timing of capsule endoscopy
Contraindications and complications of capsule endoscopy
Advanced technologies in capsules
Artificial intelligence in capsule endoscopy
References
5 The role of capsule endoscopy in diagnosis and clinical management of inflammatory bowel disease
Introduction
Crohn’s disease
Ulcerative colitis
Capsule endoscopy in suspected Crohn’s disease
Capsule endoscopy in patients with established Crohn’s disease
Assessment of postoperative recurrence
Role of capsule endoscopy in reclassification of inflammatory bowel disease
Colon capsule endoscopy
Colon capsule endoscopy in Crohn’s disease
Colon capsule endoscopy in ulcerative colitis
Cost-effectiveness of colon capsule endoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease
Complications of capsule endoscopy
New research areas for future
Conclusion
References
6 Artificial intelligence for automatic detection of blood and hematic residues
Artificial intelligence
Support vector machines
Artificial neural network
Convolutional neural network
ESNavi
SSD+ResNet50
Inception-Resnet-V2
Recent outcomes of artificial intelligence in detecting active bleeding and hematic residues
Acknowledgments
References
7 Artificial intelligence in capsule endoscopy for detection of ulcers and erosions
Introduction
Capsule endoscopes and current challenges
Capsule endoscopes (currently available and in process of development)
Current challenges in capsule endoscopy
Capsule endoscopy scoring systems for small bowel inflammation
Lewis score
Capsule endoscopy Crohn’s disease activity index
Capsule endoscopy software enhancements to improve detection of inflammatory lesions
Image enhanced endoscopy
Artificial intelligence and its application in capsule endoscopy
Artificial intelligence for detection of small bowel ulcerations and erosions
Automatic detection of ulcers and erosions
Grading of ulcers and erosions severity
Artificial intelligence in next-generation capsule endoscopes
Conclusions
References
Further reading
8 Artificial intelligence for protruding lesions
Introduction
State-of-the-art technological aspects
State-of-the-art clinical aspects
Esophagus
Stomach
Small bowel
Colon
Perspectives on challenges and developments
Conclusion
Conflict of interest
References
9 Artificial intelligence for vascular lesions
Introduction
Wireless capsule endoscopy and artificial intelligence
Vascular lesions in gastrointestinal tract
Datasets
KIDs dataset
Red lesion endoscopy dataset
CAD–CAP 2020
GIANA—MICCAI 2017
GIANA—MICCAI 2018
Kvasir–Capsule
Artificial intelligence methods for vascular lesions
Conclusions
References
10 Artificial intelligence for luminal content analysis and miscellaneous findings
Introduction
Small bowel preparation and luminal content
Lymphangiectasia and other miscellaneous findings
Hookworms and foreign bodies
Discussion and conclusions
Acknowledgments
Disclosures/transparency declaration
References
11 Small bowel and colon cleansing in capsule endoscopy
Introduction
Small bowel capsule endoscopy preparation
Diet and fasting
Oral purgatives
Prokinetic drugs
Antifoaming agents
Water ingestion
Colon capsule endoscopy preparation
Diet and fasting
Oral purgatives
Boosters
Prokinetic drugs
Small bowel capsule endoscopy cleansing quality evaluation
Automated scores
Operator-dependent scores
Colon capsule endoscopy cleansing quality evaluation
Final remarks
References
12 Introducing blockchain technology in data storage to foster big data and artificial intelligence applications in healthc...
Introduction
A brief picture of present-day medical challenges
Emergence of blockchain in healthcare
Blockchain and its utility for big data and artificial intelligence in healthcare
Blockchain and use of big data and artificial intelligence in imaging
Growing field of artificial intelligence applied to capsule endoscopy
Limitations and challenges to applications of blockchain in healthcare
Advantages of using blockchain in capsule endoscopy: how it can be enhanced with artificial intelligence tools
Concluding remarks
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of interest
References
13 Magnetic capsule endoscopy: concept and application of artificial intelligence
Types of magnetic capsule endoscopy and their feasibility
Hand-held magnetic capsule endoscopy
Magnetic resonance imaging-based magnetic capsule endoscopy
Robotic magnetic capsule endoscopy
Operation procedure, indications, and contradictions of magnetic capsule endoscopy
Operation procedure of gastric examination
Indications and contradictions
Overview of artificial intelligence and its integration into gastrointestinal practice
Artificial intelligence: Definition and role in technology enhancement
Development and validation of artificial intelligence systems in gastrointestinal practice
Current artificial intelligence applications in magnetic capsule endoscopy
Artificial intelligence-assisted magnetic capsule endoscopy localization strategy
Artificial intelligence-assisted magnetic capsule endoscopy diagnostic procedure
Prospects of artificial intelligence in magnetic capsule endoscopy
References
14 Nonwhite light endoscopy in capsule endoscopy: Fujinon Intelligent Chromo Endoscopy and blue mode
Background
White light
Virtual chromoendoscopy in capsule endoscopy
Fujinon Intelligent Chromo Endoscopy system
Blue mode
Narrow band imaging
Evidence of virtual chromoendoscopy in capsule endoscopy
Fujinon Intelligent Chromo Endoscopy
Blue mode
Fujinon Intelligent Chromo Endoscopy and blue mode
Narrow band imaging
Other virtual chromoendoscopy methods
Conclusion
References
15 Colon capsule endoscopy and artificial intelligence: a perfect match for panendoscopy
Introduction
Principles of colon capsule endoscopy
Indications for colon capsule endoscopy/panendoscopy
Colorectal cancer screening
Inflammatory bowel disease
Gastrointestinal bleeding and anemia
Limitations of colon capsule endoscopy
Impact of artificial intelligence
Future directions
Conclusion
References
Index
Back Cover
