Argument and Change in World Politics: Ethics, Decolonization, and Humanitarian Intervention

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Series-title......Page 5
Title......Page 7
Copyright......Page 8
Dedication......Page 9
Contents......Page 11
Illustrations......Page 12
Tables......Page 13
Acknowledgments......Page 14
Introduction......Page 19
1 Argument, belief, and culture......Page 29
Argument as reasoning and persuasion......Page 32
Forms of argument: top-down, rule-based and sideways, associative......Page 34
Form of practical syllogism/Inference......Page 35
Meta-arguments: the real, the good, the frame......Page 37
Content of argument......Page 41
Emotion and argument......Page 44
Process and meaning......Page 45
Actors, persuasive context, and non-ideal speech......Page 46
Argument, belief, and legitimation......Page 51
Why do arguments succeed?......Page 53
Belief......Page 55
Philosophical, instrumental, normative, and identity beliefs......Page 57
Foundations of belief......Page 61
Belief system theories......Page 63
Beliefs and belief system theory revised......Page 67
Belief change and “learning”......Page 71
Mass and elite beliefs......Page 73
Culture......Page 75
Culture in international relations theory......Page 77
Character and location of culture......Page 82
Culture as “lifeworld” or stable foundation......Page 86
Culture as a source of specific beliefs......Page 89
Cultural framing......Page 90
Culture as obstacle to and source of innovation......Page 92
The source of culture......Page 94
Summary and caveats......Page 96
2 Ethical argument and argument analysis......Page 100
Behavioral norms and normative beliefs......Page 104
Types and variations of behavioral norms and normative beliefs......Page 107
Alternative theories of norms and normative belief......Page 110
Maintaining beliefs and practices......Page 116
Ethical arguments and normative change......Page 118
Deconstruction of dominant beliefs and practices......Page 119
Political and institutional change......Page 121
Resilience of behavioral norms and normative beliefs......Page 127
Increasing receptivity and persuasiveness......Page 130
Reason versus rationality......Page 135
A method of informal argument analysis......Page 137
Objections......Page 142
3 Colonial arguments......Page 149
Colonialism and decolonization defined......Page 153
Early Colonial arguments and beliefs......Page 156
The first of the great debates: “Are these Indians not men?”......Page 162
Las Casas versus Sepúlveda......Page 170
Summary......Page 174
4 Decolonizing bodies: ending slavery and denormalizing forced labor......Page 177
Economics of abolition......Page 180
Constructing and deconstructing slavery......Page 189
Abolitionist movement strategy......Page 194
Institutionalization: suppressing the slave trade......Page 202
The evolution of slavery as practiced in the United States......Page 205
Forced labor......Page 208
Forced labor arguments......Page 210
Reforming forced labor......Page 211
An ethical argument explanation for decolonizing bodies......Page 215
5 Faces of humanitarianism, rivers of blood......Page 219
Making rules of legitimate conquest......Page 223
The civilizing mission and colonial lobbies......Page 230
Conquest, resistance, revolt......Page 233
Indirect rule......Page 236
German South-West Africa......Page 239
Witboi and Leutwein’s arguments......Page 242
Rebellion and “rivers of blood”......Page 247
Role of argument......Page 251
Reform......Page 252
The United States and the Philippines......Page 254
The second face: reform and anti-colonial organizations......Page 257
Revulsion and reform in the Congo and South Africa......Page 260
Conclusion......Page 264
6 Sacred trust......Page 267
World War I and mounting pressures for colonial reform......Page 268
The League of Nations Mandate system......Page 278
The Permanent Mandates Commission......Page 283
South West Africa as a mandate......Page 291
Effects and effectiveness of the Mandate system......Page 300
Conclusion......Page 304
7 Self-determination......Page 309
World War II and colonial arguments: changing opportunity......Page 312
Pan-Africanism and anti-colonial solidarity......Page 319
Colonial culture and the decline of scientific racism......Page 324
UN trusteeship and institutionalization of anti-colonialism......Page 327
Anti-colonial movements and negotiated decolonization......Page 338
Changing power: declining public support in the core......Page 343
South West Africa and failed arguments......Page 347
Remaining colonies, free associations, and late decolonization......Page 358
8 Alternative explanations, counterfactuals, and causation......Page 361
Alternative explanations for post-World War II decolonization......Page 362
Liberation movements......Page 363
Economics of empire......Page 365
Exhaustion and overreach......Page 367
A reply to the alternative explanations......Page 368
Practical arguments......Page 376
Economics of occupation......Page 381
Was South Africa exhausted or over-extended?......Page 383
Escalation and stalemate......Page 393
Negotiating Namibian independence......Page 398
Ethical argument......Page 400
Counterfactuals......Page 403
How ethical arguments undermined colonialism......Page 405
9 Poiesis and praxis: toward ethical world politics......Page 417
Potential for ethical praxis......Page 421
The appeal of human rights and ethical arguments......Page 424
Discourse ethics: deciding how to decide......Page 428
Critique of pure discourse ethics......Page 431
Discourse ethics and world politics......Page 437
Hard cases......Page 441
Humanitarian intervention and discourse ethics......Page 443
A convention on humanitarian intervention......Page 449
Realizing ethical world politics......Page 452
Appendix. African decolonization......Page 454
Select bibliography......Page 458
Index......Page 475