Aquatic Medicinal Plants

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Editors
1 Phytochemicals and Medicinal Importance of Nelumbo Nucifera
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Physical Characteristics and Description
1.3 Chemical Constituents of Nelumbo Nucifera
1.4 Medicinal Properties of Nelumbo Nucifera
1.4.1 Anti-Ageing
1.4.2 Antidiabetic Activity
1.4.3 Anticancer Activity
1.4.4 Antidiarrhoeal Activity
1.4.5 Anti-Inflammatory Activity
1.4.6 Anti-Obesity Activity
1.4.7 Diuretic Activity
1.4.8 Hepatoprotective Activity
1.4.9 Antimicrobial Activity
1.4.10 Antipyretic Activity
1.4.11 Conclusion
References
2 Traditional Uses, Important Phytochemicals, and Therapeutic Profile of Persicaria Hydropiper
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Traditional Uses as Food and Medicine
2.3 Bioactive Chemical Constituents
2.4 Pharmacological Studies
2.4.1 Anti-Inflammatory Activity
2.4.2 Antioxidant Activity
2.4.3 Antitumour Studies
2.4.4 Antinociceptive Studies
2.4.5 Antihyperglycaemic Studies
2.4.6 Antimicrobial Studies
2.4.7 Antihypertensive Studies
2.4.8 Other Pharmacological Studies
2.5 Effectiveness in Neurological Disorders
2.5.1 Alzheimer’s Disease
2.5.2 Neuroprotective Studies
2.5.3 Sedative and Anxiolytic Studies
2.5.4 Antidepressant Studies
2.6 Toxicological Aspects
2.6.1 Heavy Metal Content and Phytotoxicity
2.6.2 Acute and Sub-Chronic Toxicity
2.6.3 Topical Toxicity
2.6.4 Genotoxicity
2.7 Conclusion and Future Prospects
References
3 Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Activity of Marsilea Minuta
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Habitat and Distribution
3.1.1.1 Habitat
3.1.1.2 Distribution
3.1.2 Morphology, Anatomy, and Reproduction
3.1.2.1 Morphology
3.1.2.2 Anatomy
3.1.2.3 Reproduction
3.2 Chemical Composition of Marsilea Minuta
3.3 Ethnobotanical Uses
3.3.1 Uses of Cooked Plant
3.3.2 Uses of Raw Plant
3.3.3 Uses in Combination With Other Plants
3.4 Pharmacological Activities
3.4.1 Antioxidant Activity
3.4.2 DPPH Scavenging Activity
3.4.3 Antimicrobial Activity
3.4.4 Antitussive Activity
3.4.5 Anti-Aggressive Activity
3.4.6 Antidepressant Activity
3.4.7 Antipyretic and Analgesic Activity
3.4.8 Antidiabetic Activity
3.4.9 Antitumour Activity
3.4.10 Hepatoprotective Activity
3.4.11 Antihyperlipidaemic Activity
3.4.12 Antifertility Activity
3.5 Conclusion
References
4 Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Properties of Hedychium Coronarium
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Traditional Uses
4.3 Phytochemistry
4.4 Pharmacological Activities
4.4.1 Anti-Urolithiatic Activity
4.4.2 Antimicrobial Activity
4.4.3 Insecticidal Activity
4.4.4 Anticancer Activity
4.4.5 Antioxidant Activity
4.4.6 Analgesic Activity
4.4.7 Antidiabetic Activity
4.4.8 Mosquito Larvicidal Activity
4.4.9 Antiplatelet Activity
4.5 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
References
5 Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical, and Ethnomedicinal Review of Enhydra Fluctuans Lour.
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Ethnomedicinal Uses
5.3 Phytochemicals Present in Enhydra Fluctuans Are Responsible for Pharmacological Activates
5.4 Pharmacological Activities
5.4.1 Antioxidant Activity
5.4.2 Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Activity
5.4.3 Antidiabetic Activity
5.4.4 Antimicrobial Activity
5.4.5 Cytotoxic Activity
5.4.6 Anticancer Activity
5.4.7 Other Pharmacological Activities
5.4.7.1 Thrombolytic
5.4.7.2 Cytoprotective
5.4.7.3 Central Nervous System Depressant
5.4.7.4 Hepatoprotective
5.4.7.5 Phagocytic
5.4.7.6 Antidiarrhoeal
5.4.8 Conclusion
References
6 Medicinal Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Properties of Acorus Calamus
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Traditional Medicinal Claims
6.3 Phytochemicals
6.4 Pharmacological Potential
6.4.1 Anti-Inflammation and Immunomodulation Effect
6.4.2 Antioxidant Potential
6.4.3 Neuroprotective Effect
6.4.4 Anticancer Activity
6.4.5 Antimicrobial Activity
6.4.6 Other Biological Activities
6.5 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
References
7 Recent Update On Medicinal Properties of Rotula Aquatica Lour.
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Phytochemistry
7.3 Pharmacological Properties
7.3.2 Antioxidant Activity
7.3.2 Anti-Urolithiatic Activity
7.3.3 Antibacterial Activity
7.3.4 Anthelmintic Activity
7.3.5 Anti-Inflammatory Effect
7.3.6 Anti-Nephrotoxic Activity
7.3.7 Antidiabetic Activity
7.3.8 Antidiarrhoeal Activity
7.3.9 Anticancer Activity
7.3.10 Acute Toxicity Test
7.4 Conclusion
References
8 An Overview of Traditional Uses and Pharmacological Profile of Sphaeranthus Indicus
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Overview of Traditional Uses of Sphaeranthus Indicus
8.2.1 Morphology
8.2.2 Chemical Components
8.3 Pharmacological Activity
8.3.1 Anxiolytic Properties
8.3.2 Neuroleptic Activity
8.3.3 Effects of Sedation
8.3.4 Immunomodulatory Properties
8.3.5 Antioxidant Properties
8.3.6 Anti-Inflammatory Properties
8.3.7 Analgesic and Antipyretic Activity
8.3.8 Mast Cell Stabilizing Action
8.3.9 Antihyperglycaemic Activity
8.3.10 Hepatoprotective Activity
8.3.11 Skin Disease
8.3.12 Antimicrobial Activity
8.3.13 Antifungal Activity
8.3.14 Antiviral Activity
8.3.15 Action Against Nematodes
8.3.16 Effect of Bronchodilation
8.3.17 Activity Against Hyperlipidaemia
8.3.18 Renoprotective Properties
8.3.19 Unrelated Activities
8.4 Discussion
8.5 Conclusion
References
9 Phytochemistry and Ethnopharmacological Importance of Pistia Stratiotes L. (Hemsl) A. Grey (Araceae)
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Methods
9.3 Results and Discussion
9.3.1 Ethnomedicinal Uses of Pistia Stratiotes
9.3.2 Chemical Composition of Pistia Stratiotes
9.3.3 Proximate Composition of Pistia Stratiotes
9.3.4 Biological Activities of Pistia Stratiotes
9.3.4.1 Analgesic Activity
9.3.4.2 Anthelmintic Activity
9.3.4.3 Anti-Allergic Activity
9.3.4.4 Antiarthritic Activity
9.3.4.5 Antidiabetic Activity
9.3.4.6 Antidiarrhoeal Activity
9.3.4.7 Antifungal Activity
9.3.4.8 Anti-Inflammatory Activity
9.3.4.9 Antimicrobial Activity
9.3.4.10 Antioxidant Activity
9.3.4.11 Antipyretic Activity
9.3.4.12 Anti-Spermatogenic Activity
9.3.4.13 Antitumour Activity
9.3.4.14 Blood Pressure Alteration Activity
9.3.4.15 Diuretic Activity
9.3.4.16 Hepatoprotective Activity
9.3.4.17 Muscular Relaxation Activity
9.3.4.18 Neuropharmacological Activity
9.3.4.19 Wound Healing Activity
9.3.5 Toxicity and Cytotoxicity
9.4 Conclusion
References
10 Biological Activities and Medicinal Uses of Arundo Donax L.
10.1 Introduction
10.1.1 Distribution
10.1.2 Habitat
10.2 Biological Activities of Arundo Donax L.
10.2.1 Phytochemical Effects
10.2.2 Pharmacological Effects
10.2.3 Effect On Milk Production and Fattening Performance
10.2.4 Effect On Central Nervous System
10.2.5 Effects On Smooth Muscles
10.3 Medicinal Uses of Arundo Donax L.
10.4 Conclusion
References
11 Sagittaria Sagittifolia: An Important Aquatic Medicinal Plant With Numerous Applications
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Some Applications of Sagittaria Sagittifolia
11.3 Medicinal Uses of Sagittaria Sagittifolia
11.4 Discussion
11.5 Conclusion
References
12 Pharmacological and Phytochemical Potential of Laurencia Obtusa (Hudson) J.V. Lamouroux: A Red Marine Alga
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Phytochemicals of Laurencia Obtusa
12.2.1 Brominated Labdane Diterpenoid
12.2.2 C15 Acetogenins
12.2.3 Sesquiterpenes
12.3 Recent Progress in Pharmaceutical Use of Laurencia Obtusa
12.3.1 Anti-Inflammatory Activity
12.3.2 Antioxidant Activity
12.3.3 Antimicrobial Activity
12.3.4 Antifungal Activity
12.3.5 Antitumour Activity
12.3.6 Antiviral (Anti-Hepatitis C Virus) Activity
12.3.7 Use of Laurentia Obtusa in the Development of Probiotic Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
12.4 Dietary Laurencia Obtusa in Enhancing Growth and Blood Indices
12.5 Laurentia Obtusa as Biofertilizer in the Growth of Zea Mays
12.6 Nanoparticles and Their Pharmaceutical Use
12.6.1 Antitumour Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesized By Laurencia Obtusa and Other Algae
12.6.2 Silver Nanoparticles From Polysaccharide of Laurencia Obtusa
12.7 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
Acknowledgements
References
13 Brown Algae (Phaeophyta): A Source of Different Phytochemicals and Their Medicinal Applications
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Brown Algae Medicinal Applications
13.2.1 Folk Medicinal Uses of Brown Seaweed
13.2.2 Antioxidant Activity
13.2.3 Antidiabetic Activity
13.2.4 Cytotoxic Activity
13.2.5 Anti-Inflammatory Activity
13.2.6 Antimicrobial Activity
13.2.7 Anticoagulant Activity
13.2.8 Anti-Osteoarthritis Activity
13.2.9 Cosmetics Application
13.2.10 Miscellaneous Activities
13.3 Phytoconstituents
13.3.1 Terpenoids
13.3.2 Sterols
13.3.3 Fatty Acids and Hydrocarbons
13.3.4 Phenolic Compounds
13.3.5 Miscellaneous Compounds
13.4 Conclusion and Future Perspective
References
14 Phytochemical and Bioactive Compounds of Green Algae (Chlorophyta) and Their Applications
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Biosynthesis of Secondary Metabolites in Green Algae
14.2.1 Alkaloids
14.2.1.1 Binsidole Alkaloids
14.2.1.2 Other Alkaloids
14.3 Terpenes
14.3.1 Monoterpenoids
14.3.2 Carotenoids
14.3.3 Sesquiterpenes
14.3.4 Diterpenoids
14.3.5 Triterpenoids
14.3.6 Steroids and Fatty Acids
14.3.7 Glycerol and Lipids
14.4 Significance of Green Algae (Chlorophyta)
14.4.1 Biochemical Compounds in Green Algae for Formation of Sex Steroid Hormones
14.4.2 Significance of Steroidal Compounds in Reproductive Health
14.5 Therapeutic Use of Chlorophyta
14.5.1 Anti-Cancerous Properties of Chlorophyta
14.5.2 Antioxidant Properties
14.5.3 Antiviral Properties
14.5.4 Antibacterial Properties
14.5.5 Anti-Inflammatory, Antilipidaemic, and Hypocholesterolaemic Activity
14.5.6 Anticoagulant Properties
14.5.7 Use in Cosmetics
14.5.8 Natural Colouring Agent in Mojosari Ducks
14.6 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
References
15 Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Red Algae (Rhodophyta)
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Chemical Composition of Red Algae
15.2.1 Primary Metabolites
15.2.2 Secondary Metabolites (Bioactive Compounds)
15.3 Biological Activities
15.3.1 Antioxidant Activities
15.3.2 Antimicrobial Activity
15.3.3 Anti-Inflammatory Activity
15.3.4 Anticancer/Antitumour Activities
15.4 Conclusion
References
Index