The second volume in a new two-volume set on applied water science, this book provides understanding, occurrence, identification, toxic effects and control of water pollutants in an aquatic environment using green chemistry protocols. The high rate of industrialization around the world has led to an increase in the rate of anthropogenic activities which involve the release of different types of contaminants into the aquatic environment. This generates high environmental risks, which could affect health and socio-economic activities if not treated properly. There is no doubt that the rapid progress in improving water quality and management has been motivated by the latest developments in green chemistry. Over the past decade, sources of water pollutants and the conventional methods used for the treatment of industrial wastewater treatment have flourished.
Water quality and its adequate availability have been a matter of concern worldwide particularly in developing countries. According to a World Health Organization (WHO) report, more than 80% of diseases are due to the consumption of contaminated water. Heavy metals are highly toxic and are a potential threat to water, soil, and air. Their consumption in higher concentrations gives hazardous outcomes. Water quality is usually measured in terms of chemical, physical, biological, and radiological standards. The discharge of effluent by industries contains heavy metals, hazardous chemicals, and a high amount of organic and inorganic impurities that can contaminate the water environment, and hence, human health. Therefore, it is our primary responsibility to maintain the water quality in our respective countries.
This book provides understanding, occurrence, identification, toxic effects and control of water pollutants in an aquatic environment using green chemistry protocols. It focuses on water remediation properties and processes including industry-scale water remediation technologies. This book covers recent literature on remediation technologies in preventing water contamination and its treatment. Chapters in this book discuss remediation of emerging pollutants using nanomaterials, polymers, advanced oxidation processes, membranes, and microalgae bioremediation, etc. It also includes photochemical, electrochemical, piezoacoustic, and ultrasound techniques. It is a unique reference guide for graduate students, faculties, researchers and industrialists working in the area of water science, environmental science, analytical chemistry, and chemical engineering.
This outstanding new volume
Provides an in-depth overview of remediation technologies in water science
Is written by leading experts in the field
Contains excellent, well-drafted chapters for beginners, graduate students, veteran engineers, and other experts alike
Discusses current challenges and future perspectives in the field
Audience: This book is an invaluable guide to engineers, students, professors, scientists and R&D industrial specialists working in the fields of environmental science, geoscience, water science, physics and chemistry.
Author(s): Inamuddin, Mohd Imran Ahamed, Rajender Boddula, Tauseef Ahmad Rangreez
Publisher: Wiley-Scrivener
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 666
City: Beverly
Cover
Half-Title Page
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
1 Insights of the Removal of Antibiotics From Water and Wastewater: A Review on Physical, Chemical, and Biological Techniques
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Antibiotic Removal Methods
1.2.1 Aerobic Biological Treatment
1.2.2 Anaerobic Biological Treatment
1.2.3 Adsorption Processes
1.2.4 Advanced Oxidation Processes
1.2.5 Electrocoagulation
1.3 Conclusion
References
2 Adsorption on Alternative Low-Cost Materials-Derived Adsorbents in Water Treatment
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Water Treatment
2.3 Adsorption
2.4 Application of Low-Cost Waste-Based Adsorbents in Water Treatment
2.4.1 Bark
2.4.2 Coffee
2.4.3 Feather
2.4.4 Husks or Hulls
2.4.5 Leaves
2.4.6 Peels
2.4.7 Rinds
2.4.8 Seeds
2.4.9 Stones or Pits
2.4.10 Tea
2.5 Disadvantages
2.6 Conclusions
References
3 Mathematical Modeling of Reactor for Water Remediation
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Water Remediation
3.2.1 Water Remediation Techniques
3.3 Reactor Modeling
3.3.1 Modeling of Multi-Phase Flows
3.3.2 Governing Equations for Multiphase Models
3.4 Conclusions
References
4 Environmental Remediation Using Integrated Microbial Electrochemical Wetlands: iMETLands
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Constructed Wetland–Microbial Fuel Cell (CW–MFC) System
4.2.1 Role of Redox Gradient
4.2.2 Role of Microorganisms
4.2.3 Role of WW Strength
4.2.4 Role of Wetland Vegetation
4.3 iMETLand State of the Art
4.3.1 iMETLand as a Potential Treatment Unit for Industrial Wastewater
4.4 Conclusion, Challenges and Future Directions
References
5 Forward Osmosis Membrane Technology for the Petroleum Industry Wastewater Treatment
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Forward Osmosis Membrane Process
5.2.1 Main Factors in FO Technology
5.3 FO Technology for the Petroleum Industry Wastewater Treatment
5.3.1 Literature Review of FO Technology for the Petroleum Industry Wastewater Treatment
5.3.2 Recent Advances in FO Membranes
5.4 Challenges Ahead and Future Perspectives
5.5 Conclusions
References
6 UV/Periodate Advanced Oxidation Process: Fundamentals and Applications
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Periodate Speciation in Aqueous Solution
6.3 Generation of Reactive Species Upon UV-Photolysis of Periodate
6.4 Application of UV/IO4
for Organics Degradation
6.5 Scavenging of the Reactive Species Under Laboratory Conditions
6.6 Factors Influencing the Degradation Process
6.6.1 Initial Periodate Concentration
6.6.2 Irradiation Intensity
6.6.3 Initial Pollutant Concentration
6.6.4 pH
6.6.5 Temperature
6.7 Advantages of UV/Periodate Process
6.8 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
7 Trends in Landfill Leachate Treatment Through Biological Biotechnology
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Landfill Leachate Characteristics
7.3 Wastewater Treatment Techniques
7.4 Comparison of Aerobic and Anaerobic Processes
7.5 Different Biological Systems for Landfill Leachate Treatment
7.5.1 Aerobic Membrane Bioreactor
7.5.2 Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactors
7.5.3 Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor
7.5.4 Sequencing Batch Reactor
7.5.5 Aerobic/Anaerobic/Facultative Lagoons
7.5.6 Trickling Filter
7.5.7 Rotating Biological Contactor
7.6 Conclusion
References
8 Metal–Organic Framework Nanoparticle Technology for Water Remediation: Road to a Sustainable Ecosystem
8.1 Introduction to MOF Nanoparticles
8.2 MOFs for Decontamination of Water
8.2.1 Inorganic Contaminant
8.2.2 Nuclear Contaminants
8.2.3 Organic Contaminants
8.2.4 Sources of Heavy Metals in Water
8.3 Impact of MOFs for Remediation of Water
8.3.1 Applications of MOF Nanoparticles for Water Remediation
8.3.2 Adsorption By MOF Nanoparticles
8.3.3 Conventional Nanoparticles Used in Water Remediation
8.4 Removal of Organic Contaminant
8.4.1 Removal of Heavy Metal Ions
8.4.2 MOF Powder-Based Membrane for Organic Contaminants Removal
8.4.3 Photocatalytic Remediation of Water Using MOF Nanoparticles
8.5 MOF Nanoparticle Magnetic Iron-Based Technology for Water Remediation
8.5.1 Iron as a Remediation Tool
8.5.2 Research Needs and Limitations
8.6 Conclusions
References
9 Metal–Organic Frameworks for Heavy Metal Removal
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Heavy Metals in Environment
9.3 Heavy Metals Removal Technologies
9.3.1 Adsorption of Heavy Metals
9.3.2 Metal–Organic Frameworks as Adsorbent for Heavy Metals Removal
9.4 Applications of Metal–Organic Framework in Heavy Metals Removal
9.4.1 Mercury
9.4.2 Copper
9.4.3 Chromium
9.4.4 Lead
9.4.5 Arsenic
9.4.6 Cadmium
9.5 Conclusion
References
10 Microalgae-Based Bioremediation
10.1 Introduction to Microalgae-Based Bioremediation
10.2 Microalgae Bioremediation Mechanisms
10.3 Inorganic Pollutants Bioremediation
10.3.1 Heavy Metals
10.3.2 Greenhouse Gases
10.4 Organic Pollutants Bioremediation
10.4.1 Agrochemicals
10.4.2 Phthalate Esters (PAEs)
10.4.3 Tributyltin
10.4.4 Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)
10.4.5 Trinitrotoluene
10.5 Emerging Pollutants Removal
10.5.1 Pharmaceutics
10.5.2 Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Compounds (PFAS)
10.6 Bioremediation Associated with the Bioproducts Production
10.7 Integrated Technology for Microalgae-Based Bioremediation
10.8 Conclusion
References
11 Photocatalytic Water Disinfection
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Techniques for Water Disinfection
11.2.1 Ozone and Ozone-Based Water Disinfection
11.2.2 H2O2/UV-Based Water Disinfection
11.2.3 Fenton-Based Water Disinfection
11.2.4 Sonolysis-Based Water Disinfection
11.2.5 Photocatalysis-Based Water Disinfection
11.2.6 Ultrasound/Ozone-Based Water Disinfection
11.2.7 Ultrasound/H2O2/UV-Based Water Disinfection
11.2.8 Ultrasound/Fenton/H2O2-Based Water Disinfection
11.2.9 Ultrasound/Photocatalysis-Based Water Disinfection
11.3 Conclusion
References
12 Phytoremediation and the Way Forward: Challenges and Opportunities
12.1 Introduction
12.1.1 Bioremediation and Biosorption
12.1.2 Recent Developments in Bioremediation
12.2 Biosorbant for Phytoremediation
12.2.1 Algae and Weeds as Biosorbants
12.2.2 Agricultural Biomass as Biosorbents
12.2.3 Biochar as Biosorbent
12.3 Soil Amendments for Enhancement of Bioremediation
12.4 Challenges & Future Prespectives
12.4.1 Future Perspectives
12.5 Conclusion
References
13 Sonochemistry for Water Remediation: Toward an Up-Scaled Continuous Technology
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Water Remediation Technologies: The Place of Ultrasound and Sonochemistry
13.3 Continuous-Flow Sonochemistry: State-of-the-Art
13.4 Perspectives for an Up-Scaled Continuous Sonochemical Technology for Water Remediation
References
14 Advanced Oxidation Technologies for the Treatment of Wastewater
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Principle Involved
14.3 Advanced Oxidation Process
14.3.1 Fenton’s Reagent
14.3.2 Peroxonation
14.3.3 Sonolysis
14.3.4 Ozonation
14.3.5 Ultraviolet Radiation-Based AOP
14.3.6 Photo-Fenton Process
14.3.7 Heterogeneous Photocatalysts
14.4 Perspectives and Recommendations
14.5 Conclusions
Acknowledgment
References
15 Application of Copper Oxide-Based Catalysts in Advanced Oxidation Processes
15.1 Introduction
15.2 An Overview of Catalytic AOPs
15.2.1 Fenton-Based Processes
15.2.2 Catalytic Ozonation
15.2.3 Heterogeneous Photocatalysis
15.2.4 Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation (CWAO)
15.2.5 Catalytic Supercritical Water Oxidation (CSCWO)
15.2.6 Persulfate Advanced Oxidation Processes (PS-AOPs)
15.3 Recent Advances in Copper Oxide-Based Catalysts
15.3.1 Morphologically Transformed Copper Oxide
15.3.2 Supported Copper Oxide (CuOx/Support)
15.3.3 Coupled Copper Oxide
15.3.4 Doped Copper Oxide (X-Doped CuOx)
15.4 Literature Review of Application of Copper Oxide-Based Catalysts for AOPs
15.4.1 Degradation of Dyes in Wastewater
15.4.2 Degradation of Pharmaceuticals in Wastewater
15.4.3 Degradation of Phenols in Wastewater
15.4.4 Degradation of Other Toxic Organic Compounds in Wastewater
15.5 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
Acknowledgments
References
16 Biochar-Based Sorbents for Sequestration of Pharmaceutical Compounds: Considering the Main Parameters in the Adsorption Process
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Adsorption Fundamentals
16.3 Effect of Various Parameters on Adsorption of Pharmaceuticals
16.3.1 Contact Time
16.3.2 Effect of Initial pH
16.3.3 Effect of Adsorbent Dosage
16.3.4 Effect of Temperature and Thermodynamic Parameters
16.4 Isotherm Models
16.5 Adsorption Kinetics
16.6 Conclusion
References
17 Bioremediation of Agricultural Wastewater
Abbreviations
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Sources of Agricultural Wastewater
17.3 Bioremediation Processes for Agricultural Wastewater Treatment
17.3.1 Biological Treatment Processes
17.3.2 Bioremediation of Pesticides
17.3.3 Constructed Wetlands
17.3.4 Riparian Buffer
17.4 Conclusion and Future Outlook
Acknowledgements
References
18 Remediation of Toxic Contaminants in Water Using Agricultural Waste
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Components in Wastewater and Their Negative Impact
18.3 Techniques for Remediation of Wastewater
18.4 Agricultural Waste Materials
18.4.1 Orange Peel
18.4.2 Pomelo Peel
18.4.3 Grapefruit Peel (GFP)
18.4.4 Lemon Peels
18.4.5 Banana Peel
18.4.6 Jackfruit Peel
18.4.7 Cassava Peel
18.4.8 Pomegranate Peel
18.4.9 Garlic Peel
18.4.10 Palm Kernel Shell
18.4.11 Coconut Shell
18.4.12 Mangosteen
18.4.13 Rice Husk
18.4.14 Corncob
18.5 Agricultural Waste-Assisted Synthesis of Nanoparticles and Wastewater Remediation Through Nanoparticles
18.6 Adsorption Models for Adsorbents
18.6.1 Langmuir Isotherm
18.6.2 Freundlich Isotherm
18.7 Conclusions
References
19 Remediation of Emerging Pollutants by Using Advanced Biological Wastewater Treatments
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Pharmaceutical Wastewater
19.2.1 Occurrence and Potential Threats
19.2.2 Advanced Biological Remediation
19.3 Pesticide-Contaminated Wastewater
19.3.1 Source of Pollution With Environmental and Health Impacts
19.3.2 Advanced Biological Treatments
19.4 Surfactant Pollution
19.4.1 Source and Impacts of Pollution
19.4.2 Biological Remediation
19.5 Microplastic Pollution
19.5.1 Occurrence and Environmental Threats
19.5.2 Proposed Remediation Strategies
19.6 Endocrine Disrupters in Environment
19.7 Remedies for Endocrine Disrupters
19.8 Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References
Index
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